AbstractThe study was conducted on 12 female dogs of varying ages and body weights, randomly allocated into two groups (6 animals in each group) based on the haemostasis technique used during laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy. In group I, electrocoagulation was performed, and in group II, endo-clip application was done. The mean total surgical duration for laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy was 39.33±0.80 min in group I and 51.17±0.75 min in group II, indicating a shorter operative time with the electrocoagulation technique. Both haemostasis techniques were found to be effective and feasible in nulliparous and lean animals. However, in pluriparous and overweight (fatty) female dogs, only the electrocoagulation technique provided consistently reliable outcomes, suggesting that it may be more suitable in such cases due to better tissue handling and haemostatic efficacy.
AbstractThe present study was carried in 18 canine mammary tumour cases. The dogs were divided into three groups viz., C, A, and S, as per the treatment given. The animals of group S were treated with surgery alone (simple mastectomy, enblock dissection and lumpectomy); in group A, the animals were treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of doxorubicin (25 mg/m2 i.v.) and cyclophosphamide (30 mg/m2), given at 10 days interval for three times; and group C animals were treated with chemotherapy alone. Lateral thoracic radiography was performed to evaluate the distant pulmonary metastasis. Ultrasonography was done in all the cases to determine the echogenicity of tumour mass. Histopathological evaluation revealed majority of the tumours to be malignant. Combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide was found to be effective as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of mammary tumours, and this combination increased the longevity and survival of animals.
AbstractThe present study was conducted on 6 clinical cases of dogs having closed long bone fractures stabilized with intramedullary interlocking nail (ILN). After fracture fixation with ILN, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was applied at fracture site and tissue adhesive (TA) was applied at fracture ends. Preoperative signalment, clinical and radiographic evaluation was done in all cases. Fracture healing was evaluated by recording weight bearing/lameness score (1-6), and radiographic evaluation at regular intervals. The results showed that the tissue adhesive when used along with demineralized bone matrix at the fracture ends prevented callus formation and resulted in delayed or non-union of fracture.
AbstractThe retrospective study included 18 horses with the history of exuberant granulation tissue. Analysis of the condition was done based on age and sex of the animal, affected anatomical site, treatment and recovery status. Highest incidence of exuberant granulation tissue was noticed on limbs (n=12) followed by thorax, abdomen, pelvis (n=4) and head and neck (n=2). Mean age of the affected horses was 5.05 yr; 14 were males and 4 females. Surgical excision was done in most of the horses followed by firing, cauterization with potassium permanganate crystals and application of corticosteroid ointment. Postoperative medication included administration of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs and oral serratopeptidase, along with application of pressure bandage in most of the cases. All the horses recovered uneventfully in about 10-90 days. Histopathological examination confirmed the granulation tissue, characterized by the proliferation of fibrous tissue along with blood vessels.
AbstractThe study was conducted in 10 apparently healthy adult dogs categorised as ASA class I or II without considering age and gender presented for elective surgeries. After premedication with meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg body wt.), all the animals were sedated with dexmedetomidine (2 mcg/kg body wt.), midazolam (0.2 mg/ kg body wt.), and ketamine (3 mg/kg body wt.) given intravenously. Upon sedation, co-induction was done intravenously using fentanyl (5 mcg/kg body wt.) followed by propofol administered ‘to effect’. After intubation and oxygen supplementation, lignocaine (2 mg/kg body wt.) was given as a loading dose. Anaesthesia was maintained using a constant rate infusion (CRI) of dexmedetomidine 2 mcg/kg/hr), fentanyl (5 mcg/kg/hr), lignocaine (50 µg/kg/min), and ketamine (40 µg/ kg/min) along with a variable rate infusion of propofol, titrated as needed.Sedation was achieved within 2.10±0.46 min, and anaesthetic maintenance lasted between 86 min and 239 min. Recovery was smooth in 90% of cases, occurring within 13.30±3.84 min after cessation of CRIs. Profound muscle relaxation, analgesia, and unconsciousness were achieved. A transient reduction in heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure was observed post-induction, but mean arterial blood pressure remained adequate for tissue perfusion. In five animals with post-induction apnoea, fluctuations in the end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO,) and tidal volume indicated respiratory depression, necessitating assisted ventilation. To conclude, the balanced TIVA protocol demonstrated a safe, effective, and well-tolerated anaesthetic approach for canine surgical patients.
AbstractThirteen dogs presented with aural haematoma were used in this study. All the patients were managed by the use of a laser-assisted leather punch technique under general anaesthesia. The CO2 laser was used to make 2 circular incisions on the concave surface of the ear. The haematoma was drained and the cavity was flushed. Multiple small focal tissue welding incisions were made to stimulate adhesion between the tissue layers. Postoperatively pressure bandaging along with standard care was observed. Haematoma was resolved in all the cases within a time period of 10-15 days without recurrence. The leather punch technique using CO2 laser resulted in quick (8-14 days) healing with minimal scarring and contracture of pinna.
AbstractThe study was aimed to induce diabetes mellitus in both Wistar albino rats and New Zealand white rabbits using Streptozotocin (STZ) to assess their suitability as models for diabetes research. Eight male rats weighing 190-240 g and eight male rabbits weighing 1.5-2 kg were administered STZ intraperitoneally at varying doses: 40 mg/kg body wt., 42 mg/kg body wt., 45 mg/ kg body wt., and 50 mg/kg body wt. in rats, and 45 mg/kg body wt., 50 mg/kg body wt., 55 mg/kg body wt., and 60 mg/kg body wt. in rabbits. Blood glucose levels were measured 72 hr post-administration to confirm the induction of hyperglycemia. The animals with blood glucose levels exceeding 250 mg/dL were classified as diabetic. Body weights were recorded on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 to monitor changes associated with diabetes. Rats receiving 45 mg/kg bodt wt. and 50 mg/kg body wt. STZ succumbed within 14 and 7 days, respectively (pancreas were collected for histopathology), while those administered 42 mg/ kg body wt. maintained blood glucose levels above 270 mg/dL for the entire 21-day study period. In contrast, rats given 40 mg/ kg body wt. did not sustain elevated blood glucose levels beyond 14 days. A marked reduction in body weight was observed in diabetic rats after day 3. However, none of the rabbits developed hyperglycemia at the administered doses, and there was no significant variation in body weight observed. All animals were euthanized on day 21, and pancreatic tissues were collected for histopathological analysis. The findings suggest that STZ at 42 mg/kg body wt. can reliably induce diabetes in rats, whereas the same is not achievable in rabbits at the doses tested. Therefore, rats serve as a suitable model for diabetes studies, while rabbits do not appear to be viable for this purpose using STZ.
AbstractThe study included seven clinical cases bovines with traumatic pericarditis. A thorough physical, clinical and ultrasound examinations were performed. All the animals were presented with the history of variable duration of brisket oedema and anorexia. Auscultation of heart revealed muffled, splashing and frictional sounds. Under local infiltration analgesia, pericardiocentesis was performed by using 16-G spinal needle through a puncture at the level of 5th intercostal space just dorsal to the elbow, and the pericardial fluid was drained and lavaged. The pericardial fluid was purulent and its volume was e”1 L in the 1st or subsequent pericardiocentesis in all cases. Brisket oedema decreased in four cases and the appetite restored partially in three cases and completely in two cases the pericardiocentesis procedure. The survival period of animals after pericardiocentesis ranged from 5 days to 9 weeks. It can be concluded that pericardiocentesis can be used as an emergency procedure for the management of traumatic pericarditis in bovines even under field conditions.
AbstractSixteen male dogs of different age, body weight and breed, having urinary calculi, presented with clinical signs of anorexia, haematuria, dribbling of urine and dehydration were included in the study. Clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic examination revealed distended urinary bladder having dispersed calculi and sludge confirming the diagnosis of obstructive urolithiasis. The animals were randomly divided into two groups of 8 animals each. Group I animals were subjected to laparoscopic assisted cystotomy; with camera port insertion near umbilicus, and secondary port insertion paramedian to prepuce to exteriorize the bladder. Stone basket and suction were used to retrieve the calculi. Group II animals were subjected to conventional cystotomy as per standard procedure. Surgical, physiological and haematological parameters were evaluated in both groups. Total surgical duration in group I was significantly longer (114.12±3.49 min) than in group II (75.12±2.35 min). Postoperatively pain in animals of group II was significantly higher than in group I. Animals of group I had haematuria (n=2) and seroma formation (n=1), and animals of group II had urinary incontinence (n=1), seroma formation (n=2) and haematuria (n=4) as postoperative complications. Results suggested that laparoscopic assisted cystotomy was more time consuming; however, it provided better visualization, lesser postoperative complications and faster wound healing as compared to the conventional cystotomy.
AbstractThe present study included 22 dogs suffering from unilateral traumatic proptosis presented during the period from January 2023 to December 2024. Among different breeds, non-descript (72.73%, n=16) breed was the most affected. More number of cases (77.27%, n=17) were chronic, with fighting (68.18% n=15) as the major cause of proptosis. Male dogs (68.18%, n=15) were more commonly affected with proptosis than females. Animals of age group 0-2 yr were the most affected (72.73%, n=16), followed by 2-5 yr (18.18%, n=4) and >10 yr age groups. All cases of traumatic proptosis divided in two groups (groups I and II) underwent surgical management. In group I (n=6), globe replacement surgery (GRS) along with tarsorrhaphy was performed in five acute and one chronic case. In group II (n=16), trans-palpebral enucleation was done in all chronic cases. Complications following GRS included dorso-lateral strabismus, corneal ulceration and phthisis bulbi. The prognosis after globe replacement surgery was favourable in three dogs, fair in two dogs and unfavourable in one dog with phthisis bulbus condition. In trans-palpebral enucleation, no complications were noticed. To conclude, globe replacement surgery along with tarsorrhaphy was found appropriate in managing acute proptosis cases with favourable to fair prognosis; whereas trans-palpebral enucleation proved suitable for managing chronic proptosis cases without any complications.
AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the preanaesthetic efficacy of a combination of acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs induced with tiletamine-zolazepam and maintained under isoflurane anaesthesia for elective ovariohysterectomy. A prospective clinical trial was conducted on 12 healthy adult female dogs of various breeds and ages, randomly divided into two groups (n=6). All dogs received atropine sulphate (0.045 mg/kg body wt., i.m.) as premedication. After 5 min, group I animals received acepromazine (ACP) alone (0.03 mg/kg body wt., i.m.), while group II received a combination of ACP (0.03 mg/kg body wt.) and butorphanol (BUT) (0.2 mg/kg body wt.). Anaesthesia was induced by intravenous administration of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) until the desired effect was achieved, followed by maintenance with isoflurane (ISO) at a vaporizer setting of 1-2%. The anaesthetic combinations were compared based on clinical, physiological, haemodynamic, haematological, and biochemical parameters. ACP administered intramuscularly before TZ produced only mild sedation, poor muscle relaxation, and inadequate analgesia. The combination of ACP and BUT produced better sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. Further, analgesia was more consistent when BUT was combined with ACP.
AbstractInternal fixation of radius-ulna fractures was done in 9 dogs using stainless steel elastic intramedullary nail (EIN). The mean age and body weight of the animals were 26.44±6.93 months and 18.41±3.61 kg, respectively. Fracture fixation was done by open reduction by applying single nail in radius. In two cases, ulnar fracture was also fixed using EIN along with the radius. The mean percentage of medullary cavity occupied by the implant was 55.83±4.44% and the mean duration of surgery was 100.88±13.80 min. The median period of initiation of weight bearing on the operated limb was 4 days. In final outcome, limb function was excellent in 2 cases, very good in 5 cases, and good in 2 cases. Among 7 cases with intact nail, radiographic bone union was achieved in 6 cases and apparent callus with discernible fracture line in one case. Postoperative complications noted were exudative discharge from the suture line (n=3), suture dehiscence (n=2), carpal joint stiffness (n=3), backward migration of nail from inserted site (n=4), nail breakage at fracture site (n=1), carpus valgus (n=1), and osteomyelitis (n=3). From this study it was concluded that intramedullary fixation with elastic nail provided stable fixation of radial fractures in light weight dogs, but the technique was time consuming and care was needed to avoid complications during the fixation of nail.
AbstractA study was conducted on 12 female dogs to compare the outcomes of conventional and laparoscopic ovariectomy techniques. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups: group A underwent conventional right flank ovariectomy, while group B underwent laparoscopic ovariectomy using a three-port technique. All procedures were performed under a standardized anaesthetic protocol. No significant differences were observed in vital parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature between the groups. In both groups, no significant changes were seen in blood glucose levels pre- and postoperatively. Postoperative serum cortisol levels and pain scores increased non-significantly in both groups; however, group A consistently demonstrated higher cortisol concentrations and pain scores than group B. The duration of surgery was significantly (P<0.05) shorter in group A (65.50±6.11 min) compared to group B (105.30±8.42 min). Complications such as haemorrhage, difficulty in ovarian resection, and wound dehiscence were recorded in both groups. Although laparoscopic ovariectomy was more time consuming, it was associated with reduced postoperative discomfort, indicating a potential welfare advantage over the conventional approach.
