Certification is the judgment of a third party as a liaison between the buyer and the seller, where both parties must meet all of their respective certification criteria or standards. The Rahmat Kinara multi-purpose cooperative is one of the cooperatives engaged in the trade of Rainforest Alliance and Fairtrade-certified Arabica coffee. This study aims to determine the difference between the selling price of Rainforest Alliance and Fairtrade-certified coffee at the Rahmat Kinara multi-purpose cooperative, Pegasing, Central Aceh. This research uses time-series data, analyzed using the Mann-Whittney Test (U Test). The results of the Mann-Whittney Test (U Test) showed a significant value of (0.000) < α 0.05, meaning that there is a significant difference between the selling price of Rainforest Alliance and Fairtrade-certified coffee. Sustainable Agriculture Support at the Rahmat Kinara multi-purpose cooperative improved the quality of the coffee crop (ecologically), helped withstand volatile price changes in global markets (economically), assisted in improving farm management, negotiating leverage, and providing access to premium markets (socially fair).Certification, Rainforest Alliance, Arabica Coffee, Fairtrade
The development of grapes (Vitis vinifera) has obstacle among others are limited optimal land and difficult nurseries. Suboptimal land use for grape cuttings can use red yellow podzolic soil (ultisol). Podzolic soil has an acidic pH and low macro and micro nutrient uptake but can still be used as a growing medium. Vierul local grapes are a type of grape that has begun to be developed as root stock in nurseries but needs to be improved for its root success using a synthetic phytohormones bath of napthaline acetic acid (NAA). The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological character of vierul local grape cuttings at various concentrations of NAAsoaking in podzolic soil growing medium. This research has been carried out in a screen house from August to December 2021. This study used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications as block consisting of F0, F1, F2, F4 following by 0, 2, 4, 6 g L-1 respectively. The morphological characteristics observed is number of bud break, time of leaves appear, number of leaves, tendril length and percentage of live cuttings. The results of the study were analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level and continued using the DMRT at the 5% level. The result showed that soaking of NAA at a concentration of 0 g L-1 (F0) had the best result for the variable number of bud break and number of leaves. Concentration of 6 g L-1 (F3) had the best result for variable length of the tendril while for the variable when the leaves appear, NAA soaking has no significant effect. The percentage of live cuttings is still low because it is influenced by the quality (material) of cuttings, the age of woodstock, growing media and water availability.
Weed interference results in increased synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). High accumulation of ROS causes oxidative stress and stimulates the activation of the antioxidant defense system in plants. Weed interference causes biotic stress in the form of allelochemicals and abiotic stress in the form of competition for plants which results in the inhibition of growth and development in plants. Ageratum conyzoides is an annual weed in plantations and can cause biotic and abiotic stress on surrounding plants. This study aims to determine the effect of A. conyzoides interference on antioxidant content in the form of total phenol and total proline in patchouli leaves [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth cv. Sidikalang] as well as the percentage of essential oil yield from P. cablin. The study was conducted with a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor of A. conyzoides interference levels in as many as four treatments (0, 2, 4, 6 individuals of A. conyzoides per treatment). The results concluded that higher levels of A. conyzoides interference led to an increase in total phenol and total proline in P. cablin leaves, but decreased the percentage yield of P. cablin essential oil.
Rice plants is the main food crop in Indonesia. Gresik is one of the ten highest rice producing regions in East Java Province, Indonesia. Rice production in Babaksari Village, Gresik Regency reaches 646 tonnes/year. One of the obstacles in rice production is bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. This disease can cause yield loss reaching 15-80%. The development of bacterial leaf blight in rice can be caused by several factors, one of which is abiotic factors. This study aims to determine how far the influence exerted by abiotic factors (air humidity, soil pH, and air temperature) on the intensity of bacterial leaf blight. The research was conducted using a survey method, diagonal random sampling, and interviews with farmers in Petissari Hamlet and Sariwonorejo Hamlet, Babaksari Village, Dukun District, Gresik Regency. From the results of this study it was found that the three abiotic factors simultaneously had a significant effect on the intensity of bacterial leaf blight with the regression model obtained, namely: (1) Petissari: Y = -0.050 + 0.587X1 +1.378X2 – 0.789X3; and (2) Sariwonorejo: Y = 8.464 - 3.044X1 +3.745X2 + 1.854X3. The results of path analysis showed that the abiotic factor that had the highest direct effect on the intensity of bacterial leaf blight was soil pH.
Cassava farming in Salatiga City is a food-crop commodity farming business that has good opportunities because the demand for cassava in the market is increasing. However, some obstacles hinder cassava farming, namely cassava productivity which has not reached the target and limited production factors. This indicates that the use of production factors is still not efficient. Production factors that directly affect the productivity of cassava are land area, seeds, fertilizers, and labor. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze the influence of production factors on cassava production, (2) to analyze the level of elasticity of cassava production factors, and (3) to analyze the level of technical efficiency and economic efficiency in cassava farming activities in Salatiga City. The analytical method used is the Cobb-Douglas production function with thehelp of the SPSS program to examine the influence of factors on cassava production and production elasticity. Technical efficiency is analyzed using the stochastic frontier production function. The results showed that the factors of seeds, manure, and labor were thought to affect cassava farming. The results of the elasticity analysis of all factors of production are in the rational area (Region II) with a positive value. The results of the technical efficiency analysis show that only the seed variable has a positive and significant value. Based on the results of the calculation of economic efficiency analysis, it shows that the input use of the land area, seeds, manure, and labor is not efficient.
Ice cream cones are a type of wafer with a cone or funnel-like shape used as a container that holds ice cream and baked in an ice cream cone maker with the basic ingredient of wheat flour, which can be added with other ingredients for innovation. A factorial completely randomized design (CRD) was employed with two factors: the ratio of wheat flour to tofu dregs flour (90:10, 80:20, 70:30) and the percentage of beetroot extract in 100 ml of water (30, 40, 50%). This study aimed to determine which ice cream cone formulation(s) from wheat flour, tofu dregs flour, and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract had the highest protein and betacyanin content and was most favored by consumers. Results showed that formulation with the 70:30 flour ratio and 30% beetroot extract produced the highest protein content of 13.55%, and the 90:10 flour ratio and 50% beetroot extract created cones with the highest betacyanin content of 0.074 mg/100g. The product preference test based on organoleptic properties revealed that the panelists mostly preferred cones made with the 80:20 flour ratio and 30% beetroot extract because of the resulting color (3.53, like slightly), taste (3.61, like slightly), aroma (3.78, like slightly), and crispness (4.32, like), with an overall preference of 4.07 (like).
Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a group of tuber plants that are useful as food and medicine so that they have bright prospects for development. In Jambi Province, especially in Muaro Jambi Regency, porang plants are found growing wild among duku trees. This study aims to determine the morphological character of porang plants and to determine the level of diversity and kinship of porang plants found in Kumpeh Ulu District, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research was carried out from August to September 2021, in 18 villages located in the Kumpeh Ulu District. The research was conducted using a non-experimental descriptive method with proportionate stratified random sampling, and the sample was measured quantitatively and qualitatively. The morphological identification of porang plants from 18 villages in Kumpeh Ulu District showed similarities in bulbil shape, bulbil surface colour, bulbil surface texture, bulbil flesh colour, leaf shape and petiole colour. However, there were differences in leaf colour, tuber flesh colour, tuber surface texture and tuber shape.
The market demand for potatoes is very high, and their cultivation can affect the environmental balance, so innovation in potato yield is needed. Medium land is an area with an elevation of 300-700mdpl. Crop yields in medium land are not optimal and more susceptible to disease than highlands. The role of microorganisms in PGPR and Tricho Powder can maximize crop yields and help reduce disease intensity. This study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of commercial PGPR in increasing the yield of potato cultivation, the effect of different concentrations of Tricho Powder in suppressing the intensity of disease attacks, and find out one species in PGPR. This research was conducted with RAL (6 treatments with 4 replications). The treatments included P0 (Farmers’ Habits), P1 (PGPR 20mL), P2 (PGPR 40 mL), P3 (Tricho Powder 80gram/10Liter), P4 (Tricho Powder 150gram/10L), and P5 (PGPR 20mL+Tricho Powder) 80gr/10L). The data was then analyzed by ANOVA. If there is significance, a follow-up test is carried out, which is determined based on the KK value. The results showed that differences in PGPR concentrations positively affected potato yields with the combination treatment of PGPR 20mL/10L+Tricho Powder 80 gr/10L (P5), which was the best treatment producing the highest mean in each parameter. In the same treatment, disease intensity was reduced by 37.55% compared to the control treatment. Based on its ability to produce IAA from 5 isolates, only 1 isolate (IS 5) showed positive results and was continued to molecular tests.
Feed safety becoming the main factor to produce good quality food. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria in degrading aflatoxin B1, suppressing the growth of contaminant bacteria, and its application on feed. Biological degradation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in liquid cultures and Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces aureus inhibition by Lactobacillus plantarum were examined. Fermentation of corn for 24 hours by L. plantarum was used to determine the ability of LAB to decrease E. coli, coliform, mold, and AFB1 on a solid substrate. This study showed that both L. plantarum TSD-10 and DR-162 could inhibit E. coli growth at 3% and 5% supernatant addition. The addition of 5% L. plantarum DR-162 and TSD-10 could inhibit S. aureus at 97.40% and 97.28%, respectively. Furthermore, viable cells of L. plantarum DR-162 and TSD-10 removed 56.97% and 64.65% AFB1 within 72 h of incubation, respectively. The AFB1 reduction by nonviable cell was lower than the viable cell. The population of E. coli, coliform, and mold completely disappeared in both fermentation treatment of corn by L. plantarum DR-162 and TSD-10 at 3% and 5%. AFB1 significantly decreased by 17.57% and 22.60% on 5% L. plantarum DR-162 and TSD-10 treatment.
Chromium is a heavy metal that is toxic, bioaccumulative, persistent, and cannot be decomposed in the environment. The Cr6+ ion is a chromium ion that has the highest toxicity among other chromium ions, so its presence in the environment is hazardous for plants, animals, and humans. Sulfur is an essential element for plants, whose presence can reduce Cr6+ concentrations in the terrestrial environment by inhibiting the uptake of Cr6+ by plants. Tagetes erecta is a bioremediation agent plant that can remediate land polluted with Cr6+ waste. In this research, we studied the growth of T. erecta in media polluted with Cr6+ and sulfate and its ability to accumulate of Cr6+. Several parameters observe in this experiment, i.e. growth parameters, namely plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers measured at the end of the study, dry weight, root length, and Cr6+ concentration estimated using the diphenylcarbasid method. The results showed that the plant height of T. erecta. was not significantly different, and sulfate addition did not affect plant height. The addition of sulfate affected the number of leaves and flowers, dry weight of root shoots, root length, and Cr6+ content in T. erecta. polluted with Cr6+. so that in these parameters, there was a significant difference in the addition of Cr6+ and sulfate on growth of T. erecta and its ability to Cr accumulation.
E-commerce has now also penetrated agricultural products, including hydroponic vegetables. This study aims to determine the marketing mix strategy of hydroponic vegetables at Kebun Sehati that uses e-commerce in its marketing. Kebun Sehati as a newcomer in hydroponic vegetable e-commerce in Yogyakarta of course has strengths and, weaknesses, and has opportunities and threats in running its business. The marketing mix which includes the product, price, place, and promotion is an important factor in this business. This research is descriptive. Respondents in this study consisted of the management of Kebun Sehati who was taken by the census method, and the determination of the consumer sample was carried out by the accidental sampling method. The total number of samples in the study was 85 respondents. The analytical method to determine the strategy of developing a hydroponic vegetable marketing mix in Kebun Sehati uses SWOT analysis. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the right strategy for the development of hydroponic vegetable marketing at Kebun Sejati is an aggressive strategy which includes: (1) Increasing product variety and freshness, as well as providing guarantees by utilizing community assistance to expand the market; (2) Setting prices that are affordable and following quality to expand the market; (3) Using applications in the play store to serve consumers who are information technology literate; (4) Conduct promotions with complete attributes on various social media to increase consumer awareness of healthy food ingredients. Keywords: E-commerce, hydroponic vegetables, marketing mix, SWOT analysis
Chili is used not only as a vegetable for consumption or a complement to dishes but also as an attractive ornamental plant to cultivate. One of the genetic enhancement efforts is through mutation induction with gamma rays. The aim of this study was to increase the genetic diversity of ornamental chilies by inducing gamma ray mutations. This research was conducted at BATAN (National Nuclear Energy Agency), experimental field and Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. The research was conducted from July to November 2022. The results showed that the LD50 value of gamma-ray irradiated chili seeds was 213.49 Gy, and there was an increase in the diversity of ornamental chili mutants. The color characteristic of mature leaves was purplish-green in the control plant, while the mutant turned purple on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. The character of the flower has not changed; that is, it remains purple, and the flower stalk remains upright. The stem pigment in control plants was a purple-green line, changed to purple in mutants. Mutant plant habitus changed to compact. These characters increase the aesthetic value of the ornamental chili mutant.
The purpose of this study is to determine the compatibility of AMF isolates from several host plants to the yield components of sweet corn on peatlands. The field experiments were carried out with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments referred to are m0 (without AMF inoculation), m1 (AMF inoculum from the host Pueraria javanica), m2 (AMF inoculum from the soybean plant host), m3 (AMF inoculum from the corn plant host), and m4 (AMF inoculum from the sorghum plant host). Observations weremade on mycorrhizal infections, absorption of N, P, K nutrients, and plant yield components, including weight per ear with weight, weight per ear without husk, ear length, ear diameter, and ear weight per plot. The data acquired from the observation were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (F test), while further tests were done with Duncan’s multiple distance test (DMRT). The results showed that AMF inoculant derived from maize rhizosphere is more compatible with corn plants than AMF inoculant from rhizosphere sorghum, P. javanica, and soybeans without inoculation. AMF inoculant from maize rhizosphere can increase root infection, absorption of N, P, K nutrients, and the best yield components of sweet corn on peatlands
The quality and effective fertilizers support site-specific nutrient management of paddy fields, which can increase yields and efficiency of fertilizer. Fertilizer formulas should be based on soil nutrient status and crop requirements. This study aims to examine the reformulation of compound NPK fertilizers for lowland rice. The study was conducted in Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency from October 2020 - March 2021. The experimental design was carried out using a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments, and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer doses, plus control treatment, NPK 15-15-15 and single NPK as standard, and additional treatment with the addition of straw compost. The plots were made measuring 5 m x 5 m. The results showed that statistically, the application of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer gave the same effect on plant height, the number of tillers, weight of dry grain harvested, the weight of dry milled grain, and weight of dry straw compared to single NPK fertilizer and NPK 15-15-15. The optimum dose of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer for lowland rice is 220 kg ha-1 combined with Urea at a dose of 225 kg ha-1. At the same dose (300 kg ha-1) the efficiency of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer (9.70 kg grain kg-1 fertilizer) was higher than NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer (8.47 kg grain kg-1 fertilizer). Higher efficiency is indicated by lower fertilization doses. The RAE value of NPK 15-10-12 (142%) was higher than that of NPK 15-15-15 at the same dose and single NPK. This research implies that the formula for compound NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer can be used as a substitute for compound NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer.
The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of shallot cultivation and to understand the financial feasibility analysis in Dolok Silau Simalungun to enhance the improvement of the technology needed. Methods used in this research are survey and observation methods. Based on the assessment results, it was found that shallot farming which is planted on dry land and small scale in Sarang Padang, Dolok Silau, Simalungun has a 0,05 – 0,1 ha area. The productivity of that farming is low which averaging 5,25 tonnes/ha. The total production cost is Rp 59.598.000 with a B/C ratio of 0,59. The capital of shallot production is Rp 10.743,00 per kg. Most of the shallot production cost is absorbed by labor cost (36 %), followed by seed cost (35%). The increment of revenue can be achieved by improving productivity through the improvement of farming technologies. Technology improvements in shallot cultivation that are needed are increasing plant density, seed quality improvement, replacement of labor weeding, and the use of integrated pest and disease control. To anticipate price fluctuations, farmers need a storage technology that is a group warehouse to keep the shallot when the market price is very cheap. Institutional education needs to be strengthened for the socialization of shallot cultivation technology and innovation for the farmers.
East Nusa Tenggara Province has land that tends to be dry, with several superior local fruit commodities such as oranges, mangoes, avocados, and jackfruit. One of the local fruit-producing centers in East Nusa Tenggara is North Central Timor (TTU) Regency. Most of the fruit needs in TTU Regency are supplied from West Miomaffo District, especially Saenam Village. Saenam Village produces 222 Kg of local fruit while Sallu Village is 345 Kg, but the sales volume value of Saenam Village is higher than Sallu Village with a difference of Rp. 1,000,000. Based on these conditions, this study focuses on the comparison of local fruit farming businesses in Saenam Village and Sallu Village. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the sales volume, relative market share level, and business position of local fruit commodities by applying BCG analysis. The results showed that the fruit business in Saenam Village had a total sales volume in 2018 of IDR 2,151,313, 2019 of IDR 1,915,296, and 2020 of IDR 2,175,685. Meanwhile, Sallu Village has a total sales in 2018 of Rp 1,009,821, 2019 Rp 899,584, and 2020 Rp 887,281. The market growth rate and relative market share are calculated based on the total sales volume. The results of the BCG analysis show that Saenam Village is in the star quadrant, with a market growth rate of 1.31% and a relative market share level of 2.57. Sallu Village has a market growth rate of -15.25% and a relative market share rate of 0.4. This value explains that the fruit products of Sallu Village are in the dog quadrant. The strategy that needs to be carried out by farmers in Saenam Village is to expand fruit marketing. The strategy that can be applied by farmers in Sallu Village is to replace fruit gardens with vegetable gardens in order to increase income and use land more optimally.
Many factors cause the issue of fertilizer subsidies. One of them is about the implemented system has not been running optimally. The Farmer Card is an innovation to obtain subsidized fertilizers. The innovation has many obstacles, including the lack of awareness and knowledge of farmers’ human resources (HR) in understanding the innovations’ usefulness. The study’s objective was to determine the factors influencing the acceptance of the Farmer Card based on the Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM). Primary data were gained from the farmers by taking a simple random sampling method using the Hair formula for as many as 115 farmers using Farmer Card in Kabupaten Sumenep. The data were analyzed using the quantitative descriptive method through the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique. The study’s objective was to determine the effect of optimism, innovativeness, discomfort, insecurity, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use on behavioral intention to use in technology readiness with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). The test results show that the variables of optimism (H1 and H2), discomfort (H5), perceived usefulness (H9), and perceived ease of use (H10) have a significant effect on behavioral intention to use Farmer Card. Testing the effect of innovativeness (H3 and H4), discomfort (H6), and insecurity (H7 and H8) showed a p-value of 0.091; 0.259; 0.127; 0.853; 0.385 (> 0.05) means that it has no significance. For the Farmer Card program to be successful, it is recommended to enhance cooperation further and shared views among the farmers and stakeholders.
The purpose of this study was to determine the growth, yield and the potential for carbondioxide absorption of dayak onion plants given four types of manure on peat soil. This experiment used a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. The treatments tried were chicken, swallow, cow, goat manure. The results showed that the type of manure had an effect on plant growth and yield. The growth of plant height and the number of leaves dayak onion planted on peat soil given cow and goat manure grew significantly higher and more the number of leaves, the lowest was found in dayak onion plants fed with swallow manure. The highest yield was obtained on dayak onion plants fertilized with 30 t ha-1 cow manure with a tuber weight of 41.50 g clump-1, with a larger tuber diameter, but the highest number of tubers was obtained in dayak onion plants fertilized by swallow manure with tubers diameter smaller. The highest weight of biomass, stored carbon and carbon dioxide absorption were 6.6; 3.3 and 12.11 t ha-1 found in dayak onion plants planted on peat soil given cow manure 30 t ha-1
This study analyzed farmers’ income between members and non-members of agricultural cooperatives in Muhanga District, Rwanda. The research used a descriptive design based on quantitative approaches; 60 cooperative members and 60 non-cooperative members which were maize farmers selected randomly in the study, plus 6 local leaders and staff of Tuzamurane Cyeza Cooperative who were used as key informants. Data collection tools were questionnaires and interviews. The collected data were analyzed by income and the independent sample t-test analysis to measure farmers’ income between members and non-members of the cooperative. The findings showed that Tuzamurane Cyeza Cooperative provided services such: as easy access to credit, easy access to agricultural inputs, and acquisition of new technology and helped farmers to increase income from the cooperative. The results from the calculation indicated that the mean income of maize farmers who are members of the cooperative (Group 1), 366420 RWF is greater than the mean income of maize farmers who are non-members of the cooperative (Group 2), 137151RWF; (1RWF=14.04IDR). Further, the value of Sig. (0.047) which less than 0.05 was a good indicator that the variance in incomes of maize farmers who are members of the cooperative and non-members of the cooperative was significantly different. Our findings concluded that agricultural cooperatives’ membership contributed to expanding access to markets, and people need to unite themselves in cooperatives because they play a crucial role in reducing poverty, improving food security, and generating employment opportunities.
Palm oil is Indonesia’s competitive advantage in the international commodity market. Various derivative products are produced by palm oil. However, the European policy banning palm oil exports has become an obstacle to Indonesia’s palm oil export performance. Environmental issues are the reason for the ban on imports of Indonesian palm oil. However, in this research, we try to extend the view of sustainable issues. This study uses Indonesian palm oil exports and the European rapeseed oil trade to explain this issue. In this study, we try to explain a pure European policy of sustainability or protectionism. Based on the analysis results, it was found that this policy was strongly influenced by exports and production of European rapeseed oil. The effect of rapeseed oil production on palm oil imports proves that this policy has an element of protectionism to protect European rapeseed plants
