: Asphalt pavements are exposed to distresses especially cracks and rutting. These defects are encountered within the pavements as a result of deficiencies in mixture characteristics and increasable traffic loads. They occurred due to deficiency in asphalt binder and/or the mixture. This paper studies how to improve the asphalt mixture characteristics using Nano Silica (NS). The research includes studying the characteristics of the modified mixtures using NS. The tried NS contents are 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11% by bitumen weight. Marshall, Wheel Tracking, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) and Direct Compression (DC) Tests are used to evaluate the obtained characteristics. Results indicate that the most suitable NS content is 7% by weight of asphalt. Modifying the asphalt mixture by 7% NS increases the Marshall stability by 25%, decreases the flow by 19%, obtaining approximately the same unit weight and keeping the air voids percentage and other mix properties within the accepted limits. It also increases the DC value by 7%, increasing the ITS value by 2.7% and decreases the rutting depth by 40%. Generally, adding NS success in improving the characteristics of asphalt mixtures.
Early information exchange regarding predicted crop production could play a role in lowering the danger of food insecurity. In this study total six multivariate models were developed using past time series yield data and weather indices viz. SMLR, PCA-SMLR, ANN, PCA-ANN, SMLR-ANN and PCA-SMLR-ANN for three major soybean producing districts of Uttarakhand viz. Almora, Udham Singh Nagar and Uttarkashi. Further analysis was done by fixing 80% of the data for calibration and the remaining dataset for validation to predict soybean yield. Phenology wise average values were computed using the daily weather data. These average values are subsequently employed in the computation of both weighted and unweighted weather indices. The PCA-SMLR-ANN, SMLR-ANN and PCA-ANN models were found to be the best soybean yield predictor model for Almora, Udham Singh Nagar and Uttarkashi districts, respectively. The overall ranking based on the performances of the models for all locations can be given as: SMLR-ANN > PCA-ANN > PCA-SMLR-ANN ≈ ANN > PCA-SMLR > SMLR. The study results indicated that hybrid models outperformed the individual models well for all the study regions.
Thin films of cadmium oxide (CdO) were grown on borosil glass substrates by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The films were found to be amorphous. The thickness of the films increased with deposition cycles and concentration of the source solutions. Bandgap of the films were found to decrease from 2.7 eV to 2.5 eV as the thickness of the films increased. The films had almost stoichiometric composition. The films were found to form ohmic contacts with aluminium and showed a resisitivity of 0.47 ohm-cm.
Biodiesels are being utilized as renewable, alternative energy resource of fuels and also the best substitute for continuously depleting mineral diesel as they have similar characteristics of combustion. The use of pure biodiesel as a fuel for diesel engines is presently limited due to problems relating to biodiesel fuel properties. By the addition of additive to biodiesel fuel properties can be improved to the acceptable range. In the present work, the test fuel was prepared with B50 blend fuel (50% palm oil methyl ester + 50% diesel) and ethanol additive at different percentages (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) and investigated for their properties. The results revealed that by increasing the quantity of additive in B50 improves in density, viscosity, pour point and cloud point and with slight decrease in energy content. For the test fuel viscosity and density are decreases by 41%, 2.73%, respectively with 20% ethanol in blend fuel. The flash and fire points are 51oC and 54oC slightly lower than the flash and fire points of the conventional diesel and 18.3% of energy content decreases as compared to the blend fuel. All the test fuels (B50 blend fuel with ethanol additive) samples meet the requirements of ASTM D6751 biodiesel.
Transform based function play vital role in video compression. In this paper used two transform functions for video compression one is discrete wavelet transform function and other is fractal transform function. The discrete wavelet transform function is very promising image compression technique. Instead of discrete wavelet transform fractal transform is fast image compression technique. Here both wavelet transform function and fractal transform function used for video compression. The H-V partition technique is used for fast processing of video data in terms of row and column. The process of compressing produce good PSNR value and the compression ratio instead of DWT transform function. The DWT transform function creates group of frames in terms of layer for the processing of lower and higher band data of process video. The major contribution of H-V partition technique in video compression due to represents of domain and range blocks for the processing of video components. The processing of transform generates the similarity property of range and the compression process is fast. The both methods DWT and H-V partition techniques simulated in MATLAB software and measure some standard parameter such as PSNR, Compression ratio, encoding time, and MSE.
Object-Oriented Databases Management Systems (OODBMS) are built to overcome Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) weaknesses. Despite these new systems, RDBMS remain much more used than any other database system. According to previous researches, OODBMS present also some weaknesses which demotivate IT engineers to migrate from RDBMS to OODBMS or to develop applications based on OODBMS. The aim of this article is to analyze Object-Oriented Database (OODB) Models weaknesses and to propose guidance that can help in overcoming these weaknesses. We used a descriptive approach to show up an effective OODB model.
Piping system plays a vital role in Power plants, Petroleum refineries, Food processing unit, Chemical Plant, Textile plants etc. Through piping system has huge number of component installed in it but there is some major components. This research paper deals with the basic understanding of piping, its main component, piping standards, Documents required in piping. In this paper we try to mention brief description of all aspects of piping, through it seems to be a quite simple but practically this research paper is of great importance for Piping engineer, Students and Teachers.
