Drugs cure the diseases, but sometimes adverse effects occur and these adverse effects may cause new diseases. Drug-induced diseases include drug-induced thyroid disorders. The studies show that there are few agents implicated in drug-induced thyroid disorders, especially amiodarone, lithium and interferons, and that these agents can lead to significant consequences or these effects may not be important. Drugs induce adverse effects via various mechanisms. They may affect thyroid hormone synthesis, release, function or regulation. When adverse effects occur, minimizing or discontinuation of the suspected drug or addition of a new drug may be required. Particularly in patients at risk should be educated on signs and symptoms of drug-induced thyroid disorders. If they experience these signs and symptoms they should be advised to admit to a hospital.
Tabletler ve tablet basımına etki eden kuvvetlerin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek bazı yeni eşitlikler
Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are basic compounds that are found in all living systems. They are responsible for cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. In addition to the endogenous synthesis of polyamines inside the cell, exogenous intake is also possible. The activity of enzymes that are involved in polyamine synthesis increases in cancer tissues, and consequently the level of polyamines rise. Therefore, polyamine concentrations in serum and urine of cancer patients are found in high levels. Reducing polyamine dietary intake has been shown to be beneficial on the quality of life in cancer patients. The aim of this review is to explain the functions of polyamines in cancer and the importance of low dietary intake of polyamines on cancer development and the treatment of patients and to summarize the literature.
Goldenhar Sendromu, ilk iki brankiyal yarigin gelisim bozuklugu sonucunda olusan, gelisimi tamamlanmamis kulak, burun, yumusak damak, dudak ve mandibula ile karakterize dogumsal bir hastaliktir. Gelisim bozukluklarina neden olan Goldenhar Sendromu, beslenme ve cevresel faktorleri iceren cok bilesenli etyopatolojiye sahip nadir gorulen kalitimsal bir hastaliktir. Goldenhar bu durumu ilk defa 1952’de mikroti, hemifasiyal mikrozomi, kulak onunde akrokordon, epibulber dermoid ve vertebral malformasyonlar gibi cesitli anomalilerin kombinasyonunu gosteren bir hastalik olarak tanimlamistir. Bu olgu sunumunda hafif Goldehar Sendromu varyanti olan 30 yasinda erkek hastanin durumunu ilgili literatur ozeti ile beraber bildirmekteyiz.
Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms which are beneficial for health, are being used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders with success for many years. In recent years, researchers have sparked interest in the efficiency of the probiotics in periodontal health and treatment, based on their effects to support the immune system and suppress pathogenic microorganisms. The role and activity of probiotics in periodontal therapy are evaluated in this review. Probiotic research in periodontology is still in its start up phase. Nevertheless, pioneering results in periodontal health and periodontal therapy are encouraging, and with these data, a certain basis for the generation of further exhaustive and long-term studies are warranted.
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a relatively uncommon benign intraosseous lesion comprising for less than 7% of all benign lesions of the jaws. CGCG is seen more frequently in mandible than maxilla and in females than males. Patients are generally younger than 30 years. The clinical behavior of the lesion varies from an asymptomatic osteolytic lesion that grows slowly, to an aggressive, painful process accompanied by teeth resorption, cortical bone destruction. Aetiology of CGCG is still unclear, although haemorrhage, inflammation, genetic and local trauma have been considered.In this case report, CGCG of a 44 years old female located on her right mandible causing perforation of alveolar bone and tooth resorption is presented. The diagnosis, treatment and one year follow-up after surgery is reported.
Amac: Diyabette, trombositlerin aktivasyona ve trombus olusumuna egilimi artmaktadir. Nitrik oksit (NO), ozellikle trombositten zengin trom¬buslara yeni trombositlerin katilmasini sinirlandirarak trombosit fonksi¬yonlarinda onemli rol oynar. Ancak, NO hucrelerde oksidatif/nitrozatif stresi artirarak zararli etki de gosterebilir. Bu calismada, istirahat halinde ve kollajenle uyarilmis trombositlerde akut yuksek glikozun trombosit agregasyonuna, oksidatif stres parametrelerine ve NO biyoyararlanimina etkileri arastirilmistir. Ayrica, kuersetin (superoksit anyon supurucusu) kullanilarak yuksek glikozun NO biyoyararlanimi uzerindeki etkilerinde superoksit uretiminin rolu incelenmistir. Yontemler: Yikanmis trombositler 5 mM D-glukoz (fizyolojik konsant¬rasyon, n:7) veya 25 mM D-glukoz (patofizyolojik konsantrasyon, n:7) veya kuersetin (10 μM) + 25 mM D-glukoz (n:7) ile 1 saat inkube edildi. Inkubasyon sonrasi, trombositlerde superoksit uretimi, lipid peroksidas¬yonu (LPO), NO, nitrotirozin (NT) duzeyleri ve ilerlemis glikasyon son urunleri (AGE) olculdu. Ayrica trombosit agregasyonu da incelendi. Bulgular: Dinlenme halinde ve kollajenle aktive trombositlerin yuksek glukoz ile inkubasyonu LPO, NT ve AGE duzeylerinde 5mM glukoz konsantrasyonuna gore istatistiksel olarak anlamli artislara neden oldu (p<0.05). Yuksek glukoz kollajenle aktive trombositlerde trombosit agregasyonunu, superoksit olusumunu ve NO duzeylerini anlamli olarak artirdi (p<0.05). Yuksek glukoz ile inkube edilen trombositlerde, kuer¬setin anlamli olarak NO uretiminin ve NO biyoyararlaniminin artmasina neden olurken oksidatif stresi baskiladi (p<0.05). Sonuc: Yuksek glukoz istirahat halinde ve ozellikle kollajen ile aktive trombositlerde oksidatif stresi arttirir ve NO biyoyararlanimini azaltir. Yuksek glukoz aracili superoksit uretiminin bu etkiler uzerinde rolu olabi¬lir. Bulgularimiz, diyabette trombosit-iliskili komplikasyonlarin onlenme¬sinde kuersetinin yararli etkisi olabilecegini gostermektedir.
The process of becoming a mother is one of the most important developmental transitions in a woman's life cycle. This process is the most gratifying event with the participation of a new member to the family. Transition to motherhood can be in different ways, in first time pregnant women, adolescent pregnant women, women with a baby with congenital abnormalities and older age pregnant women. While women having their first pregnancies with lack of sufficient information about the role and responsibilities of parents have more anxiety, multiparous women with higher maternal competence have less postpartum stress and higher maternal competence. Adolescent pregnant women who are trying to adapt to developmental changes can live a risky and obscure process with new additional maternal roles. Older pregnant mother with the advantages and disadvantages of their special age can experience motherhood in different ways. A mother hoping to have a healthy baby but have a baby with abnormalities may experience post-traumatic stress disorder and may give reactions as anger, shock, disappointment and insufficient adaptation. A high risk pregnancy, which usually brings hospitalization process, requires a new adaptation for the mother, interrupting the maternal role. This review article aimes to emphasize that motherhood transition is unique for each woman, to examine the transition to motherhood experience in different groups and to make health care professions aware about motherhood process in different women characteristics.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), which is a rare but life-threatening mucocutaneous disease, often related drugs/vaccines/viral infections, involving skin and mucous membranes, characterized by target lesions and blisters. Therefore, role of nursing care is a major important in improving of SJS's symptoms. In this case, nursing care of child with SJS is explained in accordance by Roper, Logan and Thierney's nursing model. 11-year-old male patient admitted to private hospital with fever, sore throat, facial redness, dryness of the lips and eyes swelling, then his situation was deterioration, for further examination and treatment transferred to the university hospital in the pediatric intensive care unit. Nursing care was planned in accordance by Roper, Logan and Thierney's nursing model. Nursing diagnoses were determined disruption in skin integrity with finding open sores, ruptured bullae, oral mucosa! membrane disruption with finding common edge in the mouth and lip sores (oral mucosal assessment score 3), hyperthermia with finding 39.2 degrees C fever, pain with finding assessment pain score 6 related SJS; constipation with finding he hasn't got defecation for a week related inactivity. All body was washed with warm sterile distilled water and was given antipyretic drug for improve to hyperthermia. His body was washed by sterile distilled water and later Bactroban (R) and Bepanthen (R) ointment was applied to his sores, bedding was changed to be sterile. Nursing care and treatment of child was completed who open wounds has healed on his body and later he was transferred to another clinic.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors and they belong to class II nuclear receptor family. To date, three subspecies have been identified: peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR) alpha, PPAR beta and PPAR gamma. PPAR alpha is mainly involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes. Since PPAR beta is expressed in almost all tissues, the functional identity of it is not yet clear. PPAR gamma plays a key role in glucose homeostasis and the regulation of adipogenesis. Insulin resistance is attenuated biological response despite circulating normal or high levels of insulin in blood. In insulin resistance, the response caused by insulin isn't sufficient or adequate at all tissues particularly in muscle, fat and liver. Development of insulin resistance is prevented by PPAR alpha through regulation of genes affecting lipid metabolism and by PPAR gamma through provision of glucose homeostasis by different mechanisms. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response against a manifest or a potential infection; and septic shock is the severe form of sepsis that is accompanied by hypotension unresponsive to intravenous fluid administration. In preclinical studies proinflammatory gene expression was prevented by the inhibition of activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein-1 which are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock by PPAR agonists. This review focuses on the role of PPARs in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and septic shock and discusses the potential therapeutic benefits of PPAR agonists.
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the quality of work life and motivation of the health professions and the dimensions and directions of the relationship between the presence of these two factors.Material and Methods: The study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study. The universe of the research consist of 334 health professionals working in Metin Sabanci Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital. In the study, sample selection was not made, we targeted to reach the entire population and the study was carried out with 120 participants. Representative power of the sample for the study universe is 36%. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package. Explanatory factor analysis was carried out in order to determine the factors effecting the quality of work life and motivation. Then identified dimensions were subjected to correlation and regression analysis. Basic descriptive statistical analysis was used such as frequency, percent and average was used to analyse socio-demographic data of the participants.Results: Nearly 61% of participants were women, 40% of participants were in the 21-30 age range and the mean age was 34.47 +/- 8.95. 44.2% of respondents consist of nurses, 34.2% were doctors. According to the study results; while one of the motivating factors "Relations with the manager" subscale and "Teamship" affected by quality of work life, "Wage System" Promotion and Evaluation System "and" Decision Making Process "has been found to have not any effect on.Conclusion: It is so important to keep quality of life at the high level to do jobs with a high level of motivation of healthcare professionals obligated to provide with the best the quality health care to the patients.
Skuamoz hucreli karsinom (SCC) oral kavitede en sik gorulen ve farkli klinik belirtiler ile karakterize malign epitelyal bir neoplazmdir. SCC displastik oral skuamoz epitelinden dogmaktadir. SCC patogenezi goz onune alinirsa olusan lezyon icin puruzsuz ve saglam bir yuzey olagan degildir. 52 yasinda kadin hasta disetinde buyume sikayeti ile Marmara Universitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakultesi Oral Diagnoz Klinigine yonlendirlmistir. Hastanin tibbi anamnezinde herhangi bir sistemik hastalik olmadigi ogrenilmistir. Ayrica lenfadenopati tespit edilmemistir. Sol maksiller birinci molar bolgede bukkal ve palatinal mukozada verrukoz bir goruntu olusturan lezyon ve dokuda hipertrofi izlenmistir. Klinik muayeneye ek olarak ilgili bolgeden once smear biyopsi ve sonrasinda ise insizyonel biyopsi alinmistir. Histopatolojik inceleme sonucunda lezyonun ‘skuamoz hucreli karsinom’ tanisi ile malign karakterde oldugu saptanmistir. Sonuc olarak hasta lezyonun cerrahi operasyon ile elimine edilmesi icin Kulak, Burun, Bogaz (KBB) departmanina yonlendirilmistir.
Amac: Fizyoterapistlerde mesleki yuklenmelere bagli olarak bel agrisi siklikla gorulen bir durumdur. Bu calismanin amaci fizyoterapistlerde yas, vucut kitle indeksi, calisma posturu ve calisma yilinin bel agrisi ile ilgili ozurluluk duzeyi uzerine etkisini incelemektir. Yontem: Yirmi dokuz fizyoterapist calismaya dahil edildi. Calisma yili ve gunluk calisma saatleri kaydedildi. Olgularin bel agrisi ile ilgili sikâyetleri “Quebec Bel Agrisi Kisitlilik Olcegi” (QUEBEC) ile, calisma posturleri “Owako Calisma Posturu Analiz Sistemi” (OWAS) ile degerlendirildi. Bel agrisi ile yas, vucut kitle indeksi (VKI) , calisma posturu, calisma yili ve gunluk calisma saati arasindaki iliski Spearman korelasyon katsayisi kullanilarak incelendi. Bel agrisi olan ve olmayan fizyoterapistlerin yas, VKI, calisma yili, gunluk calisma saati ve calisma posturleri arasindaki fark Mann-Whitney U test ile degerlendirildi. Bulgular: QUEBEC skoru ile yas arasinda pozitif yonde orta derecede istatistiksel olarak anlamli iliski bulundu (r=0.44, p=0.01). Calisma yili ile calisma posturu (r=0.38, p=0.04) ve VKI (r=0.41, p=0.027) arasinda iliski oldugu goruldu. Bel agrisi olan ve olmayan fizyoterapistlerin yaslari istatistiksel olarak birbirinden farkli bulundu (p<0.05). Sonuclar: Calismamizda fizyoterapistlerde ilerleyen yasin bel agrisi ile ilgili ozurluluk duzeyini etkiledigi goruldu. Ayrica calisma yili arttikca calisma posturunun bozulmasi ve VKI’nin artmasinin bel agrisini tetikleyebilecek faktorler oldugu goruldu.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul’da bir üniversite pedodonti kliniğine başvuran çocuklarda siyah dışsal renkleşme ve diş çürüğü prevalansının literatürdeki diğer ülkelerle karşılaştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: İstanbul ilinde yaşayan beş ila on üç yaş arasında diş tedavisi için Marmara Üniversitesi Pedodonti kliniğine başvuran; 325 (167 erkek, 158 kız) çocuktan oluşan çalışma grubunda siyah dışsal renkleşme varlığı ve diş çürüğü Dünya Sağlık Örgütü df-t/ DMF-T indeksiyle değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Siyah dışsal renkleşme 60 (27 erkek, 33 kız) çocukta, grubun %18.5’inde saptandı. Ortalama df-t ve DMF-T değerleri siyah dışsal renkleşmesi olan çocuklar (3.67± 3.25;1.39±1.68) ile siyah dışsal renkleşmesi olmayan çocuklar (4.29±3.48;1.79± 2) arasında fark göstermedi (p> 0.05). Siyah dışsal renkleşmesi olan ve olmayan çocukların sayısı DMF-T ve df-t değerlerine, cinsiyete, ebeveyn eğitim seviyesine ve diş fırçalama sıklığına göre fark göstermedi (p> 0.05). Sonuçlar: Ortalama df-t ve DMF-T değerleri, siyah dışsal renkleşmesi olan ve olmayan çocuklar arasında anlamlı fark göstermedi. Siyah dışsal renkleşme ile df-t ve DMF-T değerleri arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. Çalışmamıza dahil olan çocuklarda siyah dışsal renkleşme prevalansı literatürdeki Brezilya, İtalya, Almanya, İspanya, Polonya, Filipinler, Hindistan, Yunanistan ve Çin’deki çocuklardakinden daha yüksek, İsviçre ve Birleşik Krallık’taki çocuklardakinden daha düşük bulundu. Anahtar sözcükler: Siyah dışsal renkleşme, diş çürüğü, çocuklar ABS TRACT Prevalence of black stain and dental caries in children attending a university pediatric dentistry clinic in Istanbul
As a systemic inflammatory response to infection, sepsis describes a complex clinical syndrome that results in progressively advance stage, probably evoke septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and ultimately cause to death. Sepsis is markedly enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines that can trigger a systemic inflammatory cascade mediated by chemokines, vasoactive amines, complement and coagulation system as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).In 1988, endothelin (ET)-1 was identified as a vasoactive amine from endothelium which has a 21 amino acid peptide. It has been demonstrated with the experimental and clinical studies that endothelin acts as an important role in sepsis and septic shock pathogenesis. Moreover, endothelin receptor antagonists have been studied as novel therapeutic target for treatment of sepsis and septic shock and according to these studies beneficial results have been obtainedMitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway is stimulated by ET-1 which activates a variety of downstream molecules; it is believed that ET-1could play an important role in the development of sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome by events that can cause increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, abnormal vascular tonus, and vascular remodelling.
Obesity is a chronic disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide and occurs when energy intake is greater than energy expenditure. Oxidative stress is one of the factors that cause obesity and arises from an imbalance between the reactive oxygen species and cell's antioxidant defense system. Increasing ROS in obesity has an effect on the hypothalamic neurons which are involved in hunger and satiety control and consequently body weight control. On the other hand, weight loss due to calorie restriction or exercise reduces oxidative stress. Although the enzyme systems responsible for ROS formation and antioxidant systems are located in different parts of the cell, mitochondria is the most important source for ROS formation. In electron transfer system, reactive oxygen species forming as a result of oxidative phosphorylation reactions are involved in various physiological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In the present review, the causes of increased oxidative stress in obesity are updated based on the literature.
A biomarker is a measureable substance produced by the body and used to diagnose or determine the biologic state. Most biomarkers used in the clinical medicine are the genes, proteins or other chemical substances that are expressed in the pathology or organ damage, allowing for early and fast diagnosis and treatment. Ideally, biomarkers must be generally highly sensitive in order to make an early diagnosis; provide certain cut-off values to enable risk assessment, therapeutic guidance and have prognostic value.Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a model of extracorporeal circulation consisting primarily of a pump, a reservoir and an oxygenerator. At the initiation of CPB, blood is drained from the patient into the extracorporeal circuit which has non-endothelial surface. The inflammatory process occurs after cardiac surgery in varied degrees depending on the genotypes and peroperative parameters or complexity of the cardiac pathology. This process is mediated by cellular, noncellular or humoral components of the blood.Today, safe clinical biomarkers are detected by gene technology and proteomics techniques. Using these innovative technologies, the discovery, validation and clinical use of several biomarkers have revolutionized the diagnosis and management in the field of cardiovascular surgery as well as other major medical disciplines.
Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between perceived stress, communication skills and psychological symptoms in oncology nurses.Methods: The study was conducted in collaboration with 102 nurses working in oncology departments of hospitals in Istanbul. The data was collected through Questionnaire Form, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Communication Skills Assessment Scale (CSAS) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSS). Descriptive statistical analysis and spearman correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data.Results: Nurses received 16.85 (SD=6.08) points from PSS, 73.34 (SD=23.28) points from CSAS, and lastly 32.68 (SD=33.13) points from BSI. 84.3% of the nurses reported experiencing communication problems with angry and agitated patients. There was a negative correlation between PSS and CSAS (r=-0.28; p<0.01). A positive correlation was found between PSS and BSI total scores (r=0.50; p<0.01) and all the other sub-dimensions.Conclusion: Improving communication skills of oncology nurses and the interventions for their perceived stress levels may have effects as promoting their own psychological health as well as decreasing communicational difficulties with the patients and their families; and thus, it may affect the quality of care.
This case report presents a 33 year-old female renal transplant recipient who presented to our clinic with her chief complaint of gingival overgrowth. Following clinical and radiographic examinations, she was diagnosed with chronic periodontitis accompanied by cyclosporin A and nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. Initial periodontal therapy and replacement of cyclosporin A with tacrolimus, with continued nifedipine usage, were performed. Marked improvements in clinical parameters were observed within 3 months. Bilateral ulcerated lesions which were observed on attached gingiva of the upper and lower premolar regions 2 months after commencement of tacrolimus usage, were histopathologically examined and diagnosed with nonspecific ulcerations. These lesions disappeared within 2 months after the dose of tacrolimus was decreased. In this case report, a renal transplant patient with chronic periodontitis and gingival overgrowth was treated with scaling/root planning and conversion from cyclosporin A to tacrolimus. Ulcerations on the gingiva were assumed to have resulted from tacrolimus usage.
1Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gaza, Palestine. 2Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Haydarpasa, Istanbul Turkey 3Gaziantep University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Gaziantep Turkey 4Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eskisehir Turkey
