Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of strategic flexibility on business sustainability in pharmaceutical companies in Jordan.Design/Methodology/Approach: The researchers have designed a questionnaire consisting of (37) items that included the independent variable, strategic flexibility in its dimensions (productivity, marketability, competitiveness, and proactivity), and the dependent variable in business sustainability with its dimensions (economic, social, and environmental).It was distributed to pharmaceutical companies in Jordan, where the researchers used the comprehensive survey method as the size of the study population reached ( 125) managers, the sample size was ( 125), among which (123) were valid for analysis, and two were excluded.Findings: The study found a set of results, including the level of both strategic flexibility as well as its dimensions (productive flexibility, marketability, competitiveness, and anticipation) and business sustainability, as well as its dimensions (economic, social, and environmental), in pharmaceutical companies being high, according to the viewpoint of the sample members, as well as the existence of a statistically significant impact at 5% level of significance of strategic flexibility with its combined and individual dimensions (productivity, marketability, competitiveness, and proactivity) on business sustainability in its combined dimensions (economic, social, and environmental).Practical Implications: The study recommends higher management in pharmaceutical companies and boards of directors to pay more attention to the topics of business sustainability in its dimensions (economic, social, and environmental) and strategic flexibility in its dimensions (productivity, marketability, competitiveness, and proactivity), especially in light of the conditions that the world is experiencing under the impact of the Corona pandemic and its negative repercussions on the economy and human health.
Purpose: This study investigates essential determinants affecting the Egyptian manufacturing sector from 1970 to 2019.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs annual time-series data spanning the 1970-2019 period from the databases of the World Bank.Autoregressive distributed lag approaches are employed to examine the short-and long-run relationship causality among variables. Findings:The empirical results reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between industry value-added and gross fixed capital formation, number of workers, and foreign direct investment, respectively, while the relationship of industry value-added with the gross domestic product and total factor productivity is added being negative and statistically significant.This result is explained by other sectors that contribute more to growth in the domestic product, such as the tourism sector and the Suez Canal.Practical Implications: These findings provide a better understanding of the determinants affecting the Egyptian manufacturing sector Originality/Value: The study would help policymakers to explore the most productive Egyptian manufacturing industries and adopt economic policies that stimulate investment in the manufacturing sector to increase economic growth and exports.
Purpose: The problem of criteria space dynamism at the management activity in terms of changing the composition of its dimensions in a finite number of moments is highlighted. For the management period, a non-element tuple of criterion spaces is introduced, which does not fit into the management theory's classical constructions. A typical example of the situation is declared for example as anti-crisis management. It is shown that the problem of criterion dynamics is significant in predictive analysis of the state and institutional and organizational in economics and electroanalytical studies. Accordingly, there were intentions to establish the necessity of the problem of the criterion space dynamism, identify the problems generated by this phenomenon, and propose a fan of methods for mapping an inhomogeneous criterion space into a homogeneous space. Design/Methodology/Approach: As a methodology, a complex of theories, scientific directions, and methods was used, among which system analysis, general control theory, optimization theory, and some others are distinguished. Findings: The author argues for the relevance of reproducing the situation with the management of organizational and economic separations, in which the criterion space is dimensionally and subjectively dynamic. The inapplicability of traditional approaches to managing complex economic objects in the conditions of criterion dynamism is established. A set of methods is proposed that allow at least to smooth out the severity of the problem and introduce the projection of an inhomogeneous criterion space into a conditionally homogeneous criterion space. Practical Implications: The proposed approach makes it possible to carry out an acceptably correct control in the conditions of changing a set of optimization criteria – both structural (dimensional) and characteristic (according to the evaluation procedure). Originality/Value: The proposed methodological approach makes it possible to apply the central part of the accumulated management tools to manage conditions in a dynamic criteria space and thereby avoid catastrophic management errors, including in the conditions of changing management paradigms crisis - non-crisis.
Purpose:The general purpose of this research was to analyze the effects of the perception of authentic leadership on work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior through motivation for work.Design/Methodology/Approach: With a cross-sectional design, the data were obtained from 300 employees belonging to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in all the provinces of Ecuador, establishing causal relationships through regression and confirmatory factor analysis and supporting the structural equation model. Findings: The results indicated support for previous studies and demonstrated that authentic leadership positively predicts work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. Moreover, the findings revealed new insights into the positive and significant effects of authentic leadership on work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior through the satisfaction of needs for work motivation. The results revealed the importance of the perception of authentic leadership components among employees to satisfy needs for work motivation as a mediating variable of work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior as a driver of productivity in organizations.Practical implications: Organization development professionals must carry out activities that facilitate strategies to satisfy needs as catalysts for the relationship between authentic leadership, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior.Originality/value: This research provides new causal relationships between four constructs by analyzing leadership's direct and indirect effects.
Purpose: This study aims to identify the effect of organizational creativity on agility in Jordanian pharmaceutical companies and explain the moderating role of knowledge sharing. Design/Methodology/Approach: To accomplish the study's objectives, a hypothetical model is presented to reflect the impact of the study variables using a model consisting of research hypothesis divided into four sub-hypotheses. A designed questionnaire has been developed for this purpose, distributed among workers in different supervisory and administrative positions from the upper and middle management in the researched companies through a targeted sample of (350) subjects. The data are analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings: The analysis mainly shows that the entire dimensions of organizational creativity have reached high degrees of importance, according to the respondents' answers. It is also revealed that there is an impact of organizational creativity on its various dimensions in the Jordanian pharmaceutical companies. Practical Implications: The study recommends that companies establish concerned with creativity and organizational development to adapt and develop creative ideas which might help and back organizations to be developed in the light of sharing the knowledge which improves creativity in organizations and creates organizational agility, which is positively reflected on the organization, its performance, and its development. Originality/Value: The study depends on different dimensions by reviewing previous English and Arabic language studies using four organizational creativity dimensions, strategic view, encourage and embrace creativity, internal work environment, and organizational culture.
Purpose: To identify knowledge gaps about multinational companies´ dividend distribution policy. Design/Approach/Methodology: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review on the theme is carried out, considering the period between January 1972 and August 2020. The database used is the Web of Science. Findings: Among the knowledge gaps, an opportunity stands out for comparative analysis of the dividend distribution policy between multinational and domestic companies - or subsidiaries - especially in emerging markets. Other gaps identified are the impact of share buybacks, profit repatriation, mergers and acquisitions, foreign exchange, taxes, credit supply, and other characteristics of each country about these companies' payout ratio. Practical Implication: This study contributes to the bibliometric analysis of the most recent studies about dividend distribution policy between multinational and domestic companies. Also, it points out knowledge gaps on the topic, presenting suggestions for evolution to other researchers. Originality/Value: Absence of studies that combine quantitative method - bibliometric analysis - and qualitative method – literature systematic review. Additionally, for the bibliometric analysis, the laws of Zifp, Bradford, and Lotka are applied.
Purpose:The paper aims to provide a review of literature on the Islamic social institution of WAQF, dissecting the components of WAQF and the classic Islamic laws that guide its formation and implementation.WAQFs are Islamic social finance institutions that have played a critical role in achieving sustainable development in Islamic society.During the Ottoman era, it was operated effectively to ensure the founder's wishes until the advent of Islamic finance.The study highlights the challenges that the WAQF institution faces and the viability of the Blockchain system in mitigating these challenges and managing WAQF across the globe, which should help achieve the convectional objectives WAQF.Approach/Methodology/Design: The study reviewed the most recent research papers on the WAQF Islamic social finance institution to isolate the institution's components, legal framework and challenges, and outline the solutions Blockchain system can provide. Findings:The study shows that the main challenge obstructing the rejuvenation of the WAQF system to its lost glory has been lack of data, compromised historical records in the event of the Founders' demise, lack of transparency, and inappropriate auditing.Through smart contracts on Blockchain, there is a surety of efficacy and effective performance of WAQF institution and the realization of the founders' objectives.Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to understanding the historical importance of WAQF as an Islamic social institution and a predecessor to Islamic finance for academia and the possibility of utilizing Blockchain systems in managing WAQF transactions across the globe.Originality/Value: This study believes in contributing to the Blockchain system's understanding as a possible solution to the challenges facing the Islamic social finance system.
Purpose: The study focused mainly on broiler production's determinants in the out-growers scheme in Southwest Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to examine the socio-economic characteristics of the participating farmers, examine the determinants of the costs and benefits analysis of broiler production in the out-grower scheme, examine the determinants of profitability, and determine the constraints inhibiting broiler production in the study areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: A sample size of 90 broiler poultry farmers were randomly selected using a structured questionnaire, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution mean, and percentages were used to achieve some of the objectives, while production function analysis was used to analyze the determinants of profitability of broiler out-grower scheme in the study area. Findings: The result reveals that majority 66.7 percent of the respondents in the study area, were male, and 33.3% of the respondents were female. The mean age was 43.3 years. Most of the respondents (94.4%) were married, while few were single (5.6%). The finding also revealed that the majority (80%) of the respondents had tertiary education. The mean household size is 5 persons. Farmers with experience of 10-20 years were the majority with 77.5%, while 13.7% of them had between 21-30 years of experience, while 7.7% had >10 years and 1.1% had >30 years broiler farming experience. Practical Implications: This study also revealed that 63.0% of the respondents had access to one credit facility or the other, while the rest, 37.0%, do not have access to any. Feed, drugs/ medication, and stock size significantly influenced broiler production in the out-growers scheme at 5% and 1% level of significance in the study area. Originality/Value: It is therefore recommended that funds should be made available to the farmers by providing micro-credits to the farmers because inadequate funding was the highest constraint identified by the farmers.
Purpose: This research paper aims to examine institutional governance practices in Jordan government units.Design/Methodology/Approach: Institutional governance practices incorporates the following aspects, legislation, structure and organization, policy and decision-making, human capital management, operations and procedures, financial management, resources management, performance management, and institutional culture.These institutional governance practices have been assessed by leaders responsible for institutional development in government institutions and companies listed in Government Units Budgets Law. Findings:The findings indicate that the institutional governance practices and their related aspects exceed the average level.The research concludes that governance practices incorporate conforming to specifications and complying with frameworks, guidelines, and standards.They are improving the quality of delivering services and at the same time optimizing the use of resources, which enhances the trust in institutions and companies.Practical Implications: Similar institutions and companies may use this assessment approach to assess governance practices and bridge the gaps or undertake further enhancements accordingly.Originality/Value: To the best of the author's knowledge, previous studies have concentrated mainly on top management and board of directors' governance and focused on governance aspects.This study examines governance practices at the fundamental institutional level, incorporating the institution set-up, structure, frameworks, systems, processes, and machinery of an institution that ensures good governance efficiency, effectiveness, and overall performance.
