Nanotechnology is a technology that deals with items that are only a few nanometers in size. Nanotechnology is projected to develop on various levels, including materials, devices, and systems. Nano materials are currently the most advanced, both in terms of scientific understanding and commercial uses. Nanoparticles were investigated a decade ago because of their sizedependent physical and chemical features. They’ve now moved on to commercial exploration. Cells in living animals are typically 10 meters in diameter. The cell pieces, on the other hand, are significantly smaller, measuring in the sub-micron range. Proteins are even smaller, with a mean size of just 5 nm, comparable to the dimensions of the tiniest artificial nanoparticles. This simple size comparison suggests that nanoparticles could be used as extremely small probes to see cellular machinery without causing too much interference.
Tulsi is a plant that may be found all across India. In English, it’s called Holy Basil, and in Sanskrit, it’s called Tulasi. Tulsi is a densely branching plant with hair on all sides. It grows to a height of 75 cm to 90 cm. It bears leaves that are up to 5 cm long and have a circular oval shape. Tulsi belongs to the genus Ocimum. Plants in the genus Ocimum belong to the Lamiaceae family and are found throughout the world in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates. These plants are known to produce essential oils that contain a variety of aromatic compounds, which is why Tulsi is renowned as the “Queen of Herbs”. Tulsi has a strong flavor and a pleasant aroma. It is the only plant capable of continuously absorbing carbon dioxide. It releases oxygen early in the morning, which is good to persons with respiratory problems. The Tulsi plant is extremely important to humanity because of the numerous medical benefits it gives. Tulsi leaves are commonly utilized in Ayurveda medication formulation.
For right around 100 years, scholars have made principal disclosures utilizing a small bunch of model life forms that are not delegate of the rich decent variety found in nature. The approach of (Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system) CRISPR genome altering presently opens up a wide scope of new life forms to unthinking examination. This increments not just the ordered expansiveness of momentum research yet in addition the extent of natural issues that are presently managable to consider, for example, populace control of obtrusive species, the executives of ailment vectors, for example, mosquitoes, the making of illusory creature hosts to develop human organs and even the chance of reviving wiped out species, for example, traveler pigeons and mammoths.
After a long, draining day, all you want is to plop on your bed and sleep. For some, it’s a blessing as it happens the minute their head touches the pillow. But for others, it’s not that easy. If this issue persists for a long time then you need to see a doctor. Sleep medications are a lifesaver for patients facing sleep difficulty. We can find many sleeping aids in the market. Zolpidem is one of the few. However, it is not recommended to use sleeping aids for the long-term. Let’s know more about this Drug.
When I was a kid, I was fond of those delicious, crunchy, garlicky, sour pickles. Not only pickles but also bread, cheese, yogurt, sour cream, salami, chocolates, vinegar, wine, and beer are prominent in today's world. I used to wonder how this all started? A person named “Louis Pasteur” played a significant role in this field which is known as microbial fermentation. He is the person who demonstrated that growth of microorganisms is responsible for fermentation. I have focused on his work in microbial fermentation.
I am pleased to mention that during the year 2019, all issues of volume 11 were published online well within the time and the print issues were also brought out and dispatched within 30 days of publishing the issue online. The Impact factor of Archives of Applied Science Research for the year 2018 was 1.2. During the calendar year 2019, AASR received a total of 36 papers, out of which 23 articles (65%) were rejected in the preliminary screening due to plagiarism or being out of the format and peer review process. During 2019 around 7 articles were subjected for publication after they are accepted in the peer review process. In the 3 issues of Volume 11 published during the year 2019, a total of 7 articles were published (at an average of 2 articles per issue) of which, articles were published from authors all around the world. A total of 34 research scientists from all over the world reviewed the 7 articles published in volume 11. Average publication lag time of an article was further reduced to 2-3 weeks.
The present study was conducted to assess farmer’s perceptions and attitudes on compost and chemical fertilizers to soil fertility improvement at Hawela Tula in South Ethiopia. Total of 65 farmers/respondents were selected for the study. In the present study, farmer perceptions were identified in the usage of compost and chemical fertilizers. Therefore, farmers have given less attention to compost either for the fertility of the soil or the yield of crops. In contrast, they gave great/more attention towards the usage of chemical fertilizers. Factors decreasing the usage of compost were identified: lack of knowledge, labor force requirement and lack of training. For the most part, the present examination demonstrated that farmerss did not give enough consideration regarding manure as contrasted and substance composts. Principally, they favored composts for the creation of yields and soil fruitfulness. The recommendation was given as creating awareness among farmers about the importance of compost to soil fertility while compared with chemical fertilizers.
Considering the importance of efficient and greener transesterification of ethylacetoacetate to aoÂÂÂA‚ž-keto esters we employed a top-down method of synthesis of hierarchical MFI supported CeO2 for green protocol. The catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission Electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, UV-vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The CeO2 supported MFI was evaluated for the transesterification of ethyl acetoacetate by n-amyl alcohol. The influence of temperature and time, molar ratio, catalyst amount and hierarchical topology of MFI on the reaction was investigated. The catalyst exhibited efficient heterogeneous catalytic activity for the transesterification of ethyl acetoacetate and n-amyl alcohol with 97 % conversion at 4 h of reaction time under the optimised reaction temperature. A second order kinetics was observed for the reaction with activation energy of 43.8 kJmol-1. The catalyst was also found to be effective for linear long chain, aryl, cyclic and tertiary alcohols as well. The heterogeneous reaction was adopted avoiding the use of any solvent. Reuse of the catalyst for at least five consecutive runs did not show any significant activity.
Mixed ligand complexes of β-diketones of the form [Cu(tfa)(bzac)], [Cu(tfa)(acac)] and their 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) adducts have been synthesized and characterized by metal analysis, electronic, infrared spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Infrared spectra showed the shifting of bands at 1698 and 1588 cm-1 to lower frequency in the adducts. The d-d spectral band positions suggest square planar and octahedral geometries for the copper(II) complexes and their various adducts respectively. The magnetic moments of the copper(II) complexes and their various adducts suggest that they are magnetically dilute compounds. The copper(II) complexes exhibited broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative, Gram-positive and fungi tested generally at 100-25 mg/mL concentrations in-vitro. [Cu(tfa)(bzac)] was most outstanding in this regard.
The crystal structure and surface morphology of the CaTiO3:Sm3+ nanomaterials prepared by combustion synthesis were determined by XRD RigakuUltima IV diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (1.54184 A) depicting orthorhombic phase of CaTiO3:Sm3+ with space group Pbnm& scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The phosphor particles size was found about 10-15nm. Upon excitation using 407nm light, the PL emission spectra obtained due to 4f transition of Sm3+ from 4G5/2 → 6HJ(J=5/2, 7/2 ,9/2 ,11/2) consists of five peaks located at 564nm, 601-611nm, 647nm and 711 nm respectively. Among these Peaks, the peak located at 564 nm (4G5/2→6H5/2) was purely due to magnetic-dipole transition (MD), and at 648 nm (4G5/2→6H9/2) was purely due to electric dipole transition (ED). But the main peak located at 601 nm (4G5/2→6H7/2) was due to a partly magnetic and partly a force dielectric-dipole transition showing bright orange-red emission thus prove CaTiO3:Sm3+ phosphor a strong promising orange-red phosphor for display application.
This research work is for the design of fuzzy logic based expert system to predict student academic performance in Adamawa State University Mubi; Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is used in this work, Gaussian membership function is used in this research work; the described experiments were implemented on MATLAB environment 12. Some candidates were used to test the system. The results of the findings reveal that Student academic performance can be predicted based on the inputs used, the system shows 90% accuracy.
Alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+ & K+) co-doped ZnTiO3:Eu3+ red emitting nano-phosphors series were prepared by combustion synthesis method. The crystal structure & morphology of the prepared phosphors was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results show that the crystal structure belongs to the hexagonal phase of ZnTiO3 with space group R-3:R. From the SEM results, it was observed that the phosphor had very small particle size (10nm-30nm) and the average size of ZnTiO3 crystal is 30±5nm. PL study showed that under the excitation of UV (393 nm) or blue light (464 nm) , the obtained products emitted characteristic red emissions of Eu3+ at 615 nm for 5D0 → 7F2 transition which proved that activator Eu3+ ion had successfully entered the host lattice of ZnTiO3. The red emission intensity was significantly enhanced by introducing alkali metal ions as co-dopants. A remarkable increase in the photoluminescence intensity is found by co-doping with Li+ ions in ZnTiO3:Eu3+ lattices due to the reduction of environment symmetry around Eu3+ ions which strengthen the electric dipole transition.
This Study was carried out on soil nutrient index and soil fertility of six tehsil of Beed district. The soils were alkaline in reaction and within the safer limits of electrical conductivity. These soils were calcareous in nature, low to medium in organic content and low in available N, P and DTPA-Zn. However, available K and DTPA-Fe, Mn and Cu content was respectively, high and medium to high in the soil.
Pulp and paper industry effluents entering water body is considered as the major sources of pollutants in the environment. In this study physicochemical characteristics of the effluent from Anmol product Ethiopia recycled paper Industry and the receiving upper Awash River water quality were investigated from January to March 2015. A total of five composite samples, two of which were from the raw and treated effluents and the remains from upper Awash River water were collected and analyzed. The raw effluent consists of 470-2499.3 mg/L five days Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5),2969-5848.6 mg/L Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 298-501.3 mg/L Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 1032-2333.3 mg/L Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and pH varied from 3.24-10.66. Aerobic treatment of raw effluent attribute to insignificant reduction in TSS (112-532 mg/L), BOD5 (405-1314.6 mg/L) and COD (2304-3729 mg/L). However, TSS, TDS, total Nitrogen, total Phosphorus, Potassium, Chlorides and Sulphates were found higher after treatment. Copper, Iron and Zinc were found in small quantity in raw effluent and were not removed after treatment. The investigation across the river indicated the levels of some parameters decreased downstream of the River. However, most parameters such as TSS, TDS, BOD5, COD and total nitrogen were much higher than the maximum allowable limit prescribed by WHO even at downstream of the river. The dendrogram of the effluent quality parameters clearly indicate that this Industry does not meet the prescribed discharge limits and the River is highly polluted due to the discharge of effluents from ther Industry.
The world's climate appears now to be changing at an unprecedented rate. Every environmental alteration, irrespective of its causes, namely natural or through human intervention, modifies the ecological equilibrium and setting within which diseases, hosts or vectors and parasites breed, develop, and transmit disease. Climate change would directly affect disease transmission by shifting the vector's geographic range and increasing reproductive and biting rates and by shortening the pathogen incubation period. Unpredicted natural disasters following changes of climatic contents have also significant effect in transmission of diseases. Vector borne diseases that were previously restricted to tropical areas are now spreading to previously cooler areas. Climate related increments in sea surface temperature and sea levels could lead to higher incidence of water-borne infections. Currently, climate changes at global level is becoming the key determinant for the emergence of new and re-emergence of previously available animal diseases throughout the globe such as Rift Valley Fever, Ebola, Zika, Bluetongue, Schmallenberg, Crimean- Congo haemorrhagic fever and others. Therefore, appropriate livestock husbandry and management practices, adequate disease outbreak response plans, enhancement of disease surveillance and monitoring systems, and development of effectively coordinated locally appropriate strategies should be implemented to mitigate and prevent climate sensitive animal diseases.
The aim of the study was to determine the soil properties from Loni area .The soil physicochemical parameters were evaluated such as temperature, water holding capacity, pH, conductivity, soluble salts, organic matter, alkalinity, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, calcium, sodium and potassium from twelve different sites. The parameters were observed as, temperature ranged from 20.0 to 24.4°C, pH in between 7.4 to 8.1, water holding capacity in between 2.4 to 6.4%, EC ranged from 0.13 to 0.63 μS/cm, soluble salts in between 48.75 to 235.12%, alkalinity ranged from 70.15 to 109. 8 mg/100 g, organic matter in between 0.6 to 0.85%, alkalinity ranged from 70.15 to 109.8 mg/100 g, Cu in between 10.0 to 423.12 mg/100 g, Zn ranged from 2.11 to 20.4 mg/100 g, Mn ranged from 12.9 to 47.5 mg/100 g, Mo in between 10 to 96.5 mg/100 g, Ca ranged from 6.7 to 81.3 ppm, Na ranged from 12.7 to 86.5 ppm and K ranged from 0.7 to 8.72 ppm. Also correlation was carried to find out relationship in between the parameters. A positive correlations observed in between 45 unions (48%) and 46 unions (52%) as negative correlations. Highly positive correlation was noticed between Conductivity-Soluble salts (r=0.99), Cu-Zn (r=0.84), Ca-Na (r=0.77) and Organic matter-Molybdenum (r=0.72). The results and correlation are discussed in the present study.
In recent years there have been numerous research with the aim of generating new resources from different raw materials such as alternative crops. Algae and cellulosic residues. Marine resources has become more important for the last few decades because terrestial and industrial resources cannot supply with the requirement of human population. Also aquatic species have a potential usage to be an alternative renewable crop for the production of several fields from fertilizers to industrial products. The most important member of the aquatic ecosystem is the Algae Marine algae have emerged as an alternative feedstock for the production of numbers of renewable feedstocks. In addition to energy potential, they are the base of chain – photosynthetic organisms including their capability to absorb carbon dioxide higher productivity rates. In the present study seasonal and regional variances of protein, lipid and ash amount of some brown algae (Ochrophyta) along the coast of Canakkale (Dardanelles) were investigated. The chemical analyses (lipid, ash, protein analyses and the amount of nitrogen free extract) were carried out seasonally. In results significant differences were recorded for the species collected in different seasons and six stations.
Single crystals of pure 4-acetamidophenol (AMP) and 4-acetamidophenol (AMP) doped with tartaric acid were grown by single diffusion gel technique. These crystals are characterized by single crystal XRD, powder XRD, FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and SEM with EDX techniques to confirm the presence of tartaric acid in the 4-AMP crystal lattice. The single crystal and powder XRD studies reveal that the doping of tartaric acid disturbs the lattice of parent crystal. This lattice distortion affects the molecular composition of pure 4-AMP crystal. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral analysis confirms the presence of various functional groups present in the pure and doped 4-AMP crystals. The optical band gap and the transparency of the grown crystals are found by using the UV-Visible spectroscopy study. The surface morphology of pure and doped crystals have been examined by SEM analysis. The elemental analysis was done by EDX.
The utilization of marine resources has become very important nowadays due to the rapid increase of world population and raw material requirements. The food industry is facing new challenges in food supply for human consumption, seeking new resources as alternatives to terrestrial foods. Marine based food resources are promising candidates for this new challenge. As a protein source for human consumption, terrestrial animal production alone may not be sufficient as a food supply for the world population. Nowadays, studies on the utilization of marine algae as a food resource for human consumption have become an important topic in human nutrition. As an important source of protein, marine algae are not only used as a food for human but also effectively used in a variety of fields from fertilizers to industrial products. In the present study, temporal and spatial changes of the chemical compositions of some red algae distributed in the Strait of Canakkale (Dardanelles) were investigated. The biochemical analyses (lipid, ash, protein analyses) were carried out seasonally (fall, winter, spring and summer) in duplicate. Significant differences were recorded in results obtained for the species collected in relation to the seasons and stations.
