In 2018 summer season at Gemmeiza Research Station, eleven new yellow inbred lines were crossed with three testers: two inbred lines Gz.658 and Gm.6052) and one single cross SC 162 according to line x tester design. In 2019 summer season the resulting, 33 crosses and four check hybrids: two single crosses (SC 168 and SC 3084) and two three way crosses (TWC 360 and TWC 368) were evaluated at both of Gemmeiza and Sids experimental Research Stations. Significant and highly significant mean squares due to crosses and the partitions lines, testers and lines x testers were obtained for all studied traits across locations, except testers for grain yield. K2 SCA (non- additive gene effects) were more important than K2 GCA (additive gene effects) for all traits Gm.2, Gm.6, Gm.9 and Gm.35 had desirable values for GCA effects for grain yield. The best cross for SCA effects was Gm. 9 × SC. 162 for grain yield. Five single crosses, (Gm. 2 × Gz 658 (28.956 ard /fed), Gm. 35 × Gz 658 (27.777 ard /fed), Gm. 2 × Gm. 6052 (27.566 ard /fed), Gm. 6 x Gm. 6052 (28.157 ard /fed) and Gm. 35 × Gm. 6052 (28.123 ard /fed) did not significantly out-yielded the highest check SC 168 (27.190 ard/fed), while three- way cross Gm. 9 × SC. 162 (29.74 ard/fed) significantly out-yielded the best check TWC 360 (26.42 ard/fed)
This study was conducted during the period from 2016 to 2018. Seven different strains of melon (Cucumis melo L.) were tested for their response to Tetranychus urticae. Data revealed that, all plant growth parameters were affected significantly with infestation of T. urticae; leaf area which considered the main source of mite feeding was the most affected one. However, (L5) had the lowest leaf area (24.98 cm2 ) while (L7) recorded the highest leaf area (41.26 cm). Also, accumulated moving stages in (L2) showed the lowest population density with an average of 1.70 individual /in2 during 4 weeks, of season 2016. During season 2017, the highest leaf area was in hybrids (L4×L1) and (L4×L2) with an average 62.93 and 61.86 cm2 . All hybrids explained three levels of infestation; high level was observed in hybrids (L6×L2), (L5×L2) and (L7×L1) and accumulated the population density of moving stages with an average of 80.70, 70.60 and 61.40 individual /in2 . While medium level was recorded in hybrids (L5×L1 and L7×L2) and the third, low level of infestation was recorded in hybrids (L6×L1, L4×L1, L3×L2, L3×L1 and L4×L2) and moving stages average were 2.70, 3.30, 3.70, 3.90 and 5.30 individual /in2 so these hybrids were resistant to infestation of T .urticae . Regarding horticultural characters obtained data on total yield ranged from 4015.0 to 2185.0 g/plant; (L4) gave the highest value of total yield. Estimates of broad sense heritability were high for all studied traits indicating minor role of the environment. The results showed significant and highly significant mean squares for both general combining ability and specific combining ability in all studied traits, indicating the important role of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. Highly significant SCA effects in all studied traits were recorded for the crosses (L3×L2), (L5×L2), (L6×L2) and (L3×L1).
Heterosis and nature of genetic effects on plant growth and yield characters were studied in a 7x7 halfdiallel crosses, without reciprocals, in the F1 generation in wheat to define and select efficient and prospective materials to be used in hybridization programs in order to improve grain yield of wheat in Egypt. Parents, F1 were evaluated using a split-plot trail in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for quantitative characters in 2019/2020 season. Significant genotypes mean squares of parents and crosses were obtained for all characters. Significant heterosis in F1 generation was obtained for all studied characters. The useful heterosis of grain yield/ plant relative to better parent varied from 1.667 to 23.457% in F1 crosses. Two crosses, viz. P1xP2 and P1XP4 had the best values of heterosis for grain yield. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean squares were significant for all characters. Besides, MSe (GCA)/ MSe (SCA) ratios indicated the relative importance of additive gene action in their inheritance for all the characters except number of spikes per plant. The two parents P1 and P5 gave the highest positive significant iĝ effects for grain yield plant-1in F1 generation. The three crosses P1xP2, P3xP6 and P4xP5 showed significantly desirable heterotic effects for most studied traits. Generally.
The present study was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during 2017 to 2019 seasons. Seven selection procedures (Application 1 to 7) i.e. direct selection for three separately traits (lint cotton yield/plant, bolls/plant and boll weight), Multiplicative index of Subandi et al (1973) involved lint cotton yield/plant, bolls/plant and boll weight and three selection index involved lint cotton yield/plant, bolls/plant and boll weight, lint cotton yield/plant, bolls/plant, boll weight, seed index, lint percentage, lint index and all the studied traits (yield and fiber traits), respectively, to improve lint yield, yield components and fiber properties in early segregating generations; F2, F3 and F4 of a cotton cross (Egyptian variety Giza 87 x Australian genotype 10229). Most of yield traits means in F4 generation were higher than F3 generation via the genetic improvement using the selection procedures. Fiber traits means in F3 and F4 generations were almost the same in values which reflect the early fixation of most of the genetic components of these traits. PCV and GCV for lint cotton yield/plant, bolls/plant and boll weight were larger in F2 generation than those of the succeeding generations. Most of the studied traits showed moderate to high heritability in broad sense in all generations except for bolls/plant and boll weight in F4 generation. Most of fiber traits showed higher heritability in F3 and F4 generations than F2 one. Genotypic correlations between lint cotton yield/plant and bolls/plant in the three generations were positive and highly significant. In F4 generation boll weight showed significant and positive genotypic correlation with almost all the studied traits. Besides, fiber length showed the same trend with boll weight, seed index, lint index and lint percentage. In the direct selection for lint cotton yield/plant and bolls/plant the highest predicted and realized gains from all generations were obtained with direct selection for lint cotton yield/plant and direct selection for bolls/plant in both applications which ranged from 17.43 % with bolls/plant in F4 to 90.49% with lint cotton yield/plant in F2 to application 1 and 2. Direct selection for boll weight (application 3) could increase itself and seed index, lint index, micronaire reading and fiber length. The predicted and realized gains in application 5 and 6 were positive and relatively high for lint cotton yield/plant and bolls/plant in the three generations; and were positive and slightly high for lint percentage, lint index, micronaire reading and fiber length in F4 generation. The predicted and realized gains in application 6 for lint cotton yield/plant and bolls/plant were relatively high in the three generations this mean selection for all yield traits could improve lint cotton yield/plant and bolls/plant by 32.7% and 24.61% in F4 generation. Other yield traits were slightly improved applying this selection procedure, this improvement ranged from 1.05 % for seed index to 8.44% for lint index. Fiber traits were also slightly improved except micronaire reading and uniformity index. Application 7 showed improvements for all the studies traits except micronaire reading. The improvement for lint cotton yield/plant and bolls/plant were not relatively high as the same in the other selection procedures, however boll weight and lint index were relatively high, and the lowest ones were for fiber traits. Four families released from these seven selection applications in F4 generation combined lint yield and most of favorable fiber traits and exceeded the F4 generation mean. These families could be continued to further generations as breeding genotypes for developing higher yield and fiber
A field trial was carried out at Ismailia Agric. Res. Sta. through 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 winter seasons. The study aimed to find out the effect of three sowing dates (5th November, 25th November and 15th December) and four seeding rate (30, 40, 50 and 60 kg seeds fad-1 ) on three barley cultivars (Giza 2000, Giza 134 and Giza 131) under sandy soil conditions for phenological stages, growth parameters, yield and yield components of barley. The early sowing on 5th Nov. produced the longest phenological duration and growing degree days at booting, heading and maturity, the highest growth parameters, i.e. total chlorophyll, crop growth rate, leaf relative water content, the highest yield, yield components and attributes i.e. plant height, number of grains spike1 , 1000-grain weight, number of spikes m-2 grain and harvest index compared with other sowing dates. Cultivars significantly affected phenological stages, growth parameters, yield and yield components. Giza134 cultivar had the highest values of all mentioned traits, except for 1000-grain weight, which was increased by Giza 131cultivar. Increasing seeding rate up to 60 kg seeds fad-1 decreased number of days and growing degree days at all phenological stages, total chlorophyll, leaf relative water content, spike length, number of grains spike-1 , 1000-grain weight and harvest index, however it increased plant height, number of spikes m-2 and biological yield fad-1 . Crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and grain yield fad-1 responded to increasing seeding rate up to 50 kg seeds fad-1 .
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the important vegetable crops in Egypt and the selection and planting of genotypes that are resistant to CMV is one of the most important components in an integrated disease control program. So, the objectives of this study were the identification of the resistance to CMV and estimating the genetic variance among ten cucumber inbred lines. This study was conducted during the period from 2017 to 2020. Selfing pollination to produce inbred lines and crossing to produce F1'S were carried out in the greenhouse at Kaha Vegetable Research Farm (K.V.R.F), Kalubia at spring season in 2017, and horticultural evaluation of the inbred lines and their hybrids was carried out in the greenhouse at Kaha Vegetable Research Farm and Ismailia Experimental Station at spring season in 2020, while evaluation of the inbred lines was carried out at Ismailia Experimental Station during (2017/2018) and evaluation of the selection inbred lines and their hybrids to CMV was carried out under greenhouse conditions at Ismailia Experimental Station during (2018-2019). In order to determine the genetic polymorphism and discriminate among these genotypes, RAPD analysis was conducted on the isolated DNA samples from each genotype. Viral diseases are important problem for production of cucumber in Egypt. The most important of these viruses in Egypt is Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The CMV was tested serologically using indirect ELISA. CMV has a wide host range belonging to 4 families. Finger prints of the studied genotypes were conducted using 3 RAPD primers. The produced hybrids were infected by CMV. P1 and P7 are the best inbred lines due to their high yielding ability, good fruit and vegetative traits. But only P1 is considered the most promising inbred line, due to its resistance to CMV. These lines could be used in CMV resistance breeding programs to be released as a new cultivar, which possesses both high yielding and resistance. The general performances of the F1 hybrids reflected the presence of three degrees of dominance effects complete, partial to over dominance and absence of dominance.
Twenty five genotypes of alfalfa were evaluated for forage and dry yields and protein content at Nubaria Research Station. Planting was carried out at October, 5th 2011, and data were taken during the three years 2012, 2013 and 2014. Data of green and dry forage yields and protein content were collected for four seasons in each year during the three years. Results indicated highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Dry forage yield and protein content of the studied genotypes had a highly significant reliance on years and seasons. The values of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV%) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV%) were 6.48 and 6.89% for green forage yield, 5.72 and 7.53% for dry forage yield and 1.43 and 1.73 % for protein percentage, respectively. Broad-sense heritability for green forage yield was 88.38% which was higher than that for dry forage yields and protein content (57.58% and 68.81%), respectively. The average of expected genetic advance value for total green forage yield, total dry yield and protein content were 8.52, 6.06 and 1.65%, respectively. The population G.15 showed common superiority over other populations (46.163, 48.163 and 55.939 t/ha, in the first, second and third year, respectively) in the summer season. In the context, G.5 showed common superiority in the autumn (24.233 and 26.233 t/ha in the first and the second years, respectively) While, G.3 was the best for previous trait (35.135 t/ha) in the third year in autumn season. It could be concluded that, the genotypes G.15, G.3, G.9 and G.14 are promising to improve green and dry forage yield and protein content and could be used to produce as available a new variety via further breeding programs
Muskmelon is the most important vegetable crop of arid and semi-arid regions and salinity is the most prevailing abiotic stress in such areas. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine salt tolerance of twenty muskmelon recombinant inbred lines (RILs) based on determining of seeds germination rate and percentage in laboratory experiment and measuring of some morphological and horticultural attributes for them in pots experiment under netted house at Horticultural Research InstituteAgricultural Research Centre, Egypt during 2016 and 2017 early summer seasons. These RILs were exposed to four different levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) viz., 0 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM and 100 mM after 15 days from seed sowing. The findings confirmed that the salinity tolerance of any genotype was increased as the reduction or increment rate for this genotype compared to control reduced and vice versa. So, the muskmelon RILs 305 and 307 showed salinity tolerance till 50 mM NaCl and RIL 309 had salinity tolerance till 75 mM NaCl, but none of RILs had salinity tolerance at 100 mM NaCl in all measured traits. Based on these two salinity experiments, these three muskmelon RILs were selected as salt tolerant and were made all the combinations of crosses among them in one direction to produce three F1 hybrids that were grown under greenhouse at Kaha Vegetable Research Farm (KVRF), Kalubia during 2017 late summer season. These three F1s beside their parents and hybrid Gal 23 (used as control) were sown in the two open fields using drip irrigation system at Sadat city, Menofia Governorate, one of them was irrigated with groundwater 955 ppm salinity (used as control) and the other field was irrigated with groundwater 2760 ppm salinity (used as a field dose for salinity tolerance evaluation) during 2018 early summer season. The results of these hybrids evaluation under salinity stress compared to control field showed that the hybrid RIL 309 × RIL 307 had high level of salinity tolerance, hybrid RIL 309 × RIL 305 had moderate level of salinity tolerance and hybrid RIL 307 × RIL 305 had low level of salinity tolerance. Finally, all measured traits didn't differ under salinity stress compared to control field in the hybrid RIL 309 × RIL 307. This indicated that the hybrid RIL 309 × RIL 307 could be used under salinity stress condition.
Water deficit is one of the most constraints to wheat production in Egypt and worldwide. Therefore, sixteen exotic lines and two local cultivars of bread wheat were evaluated under normal (five irrigation) and water deficit stress (the planting irrigation only) conditions during 2017/18 and 2018/19 growing seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station. The current study aimed to enhance the breeding program with lines tolerant to water deficit stress. The two seasons and two water treatments showed sufficient genetic variability among the studied genotypes. Most studied traits showed higher values in the second season compared to the first one. All mean values of the studied traits decreased under water deficit stress. High values of grain and biological yields, number of spikes m-2 , grain filling period and rate were the most contributors to water deficit stress tolerance. line 1, line 16, line 15 and line 11 had high yielding ability and relative tolerance under water deficit stress. Misr 1 and Giza 171 cultivars were proved to be suitable cultivars under reduced irrigation. The exotics line 3, line 5 and line 9 could be used to enhance wheat breeding program for water deficit stress tolerance.
The aim of the present investigation was to improve steviol glycosides (SGs) of three stevia varieties; Sponti (SPNT), China1 (CHN) and EGY1 (EGY) by obtaining new genotypes with high ratio of rebaudioside A (rebA)/stevioside (stv) using five different doses of colchicine(0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%), during 2018 and 2019 seasons at ElSabahya Research Station, Alexandria Governorate. Plants with a significant large leaf area/plant and significantly high number of leaves/plant, as well as dry matter content from the three commercial varieties, were selected and evaluated for their steviol glycosides content by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results of buds survival rate, showed that SPNT and EGY varieties performed better than CHN. SPNT-22, CHN-31, EGY-22, EGY-23and EGY-31 mutated clones showed a significant superiority for most desirable morphological characters (leaf area/plant, number of leaves/plant as well as dry matter content)compared to other tested genotypes. HPLC showed that the sweetener contents stv and reb A percentages were affected by polyploidy induced by colchicine. Best ratio of reb A/stv was recorded by CHN-31 (3.846) which was 4.2 times higher than CHN (0.919). CHN-31, EGY-22 and EGY-31 clones recorded the highest reb A + stv percentage (77.25, 78.33 and 76.18, respectively). For EGY-31(a new clone), rebA/stv percentage was 2.6 higher compared to its commercial variety, this, consequently, decreases the bitter taste and aftertaste and increases sweet flavor. New genotypes (CHN-31and EGY-31) were obtained and selected as the best clones due to the higher sweeteners percentages recorded, which might help in meeting diabetics needs in the future
The inbreeding strategy for five successive seasons began from 2014 to 2017 at Gemmezia Experiment Station, Gharbya governorate was conducted. Seventeen promising squash inbred lines were selected. The selection focused on plant length, number of female flowers, and the average fruit weight. The coefficient of variance (C.V. %) values showed that most of the lines were highly homogeneous. The inbreeding did not cause depression on most studied traits. All the seventeen developed inbred lines and commercial hybrid F1 Sama (control) were evaluated for the most important characteristics during the two seasons 2017 and 2018 under the open field conditions. Significant differences were observed among all evaluated genotypes in all studied characteristics. The highest values were found in S 36 A for plant length, number of leaves/plant, number of days to the first female flower, and number of female flowers. Among the seventeen lines, S 35, S 27 B, and S 36 A gave the highest values for fruit characteristics and yield components. Also, the previous three promising lines gave the highest early and total yield. These inbred lines are potentially promising as a good source for developing new hybrids characterized by outstanding yield quantity and quality.
The main target of the current study was to develop a new local cultivar of spinach with delayed bolting which characterized by late-flowering based on the multitrait selection for quality traits through the disposal of the male plants in the spinach population and increasing the percentage of females and no bias plants. This study was carried out at Kaha Vegetable Research Farm (Kaluobia Governorate, Egypt). Means, genetic and phenotypic parameters of population performances had been recorded for the characteristics of plant growth, yield and its components as well as chemical compounds. One genotype, Dokki cv. (a local cultivar as original population) was used. The selection program began on the first of September 2014 and continued to the year 2017 (four years), where a comparison experiment was conducted between the original and the selected population during 2018 and 2019-under high temperature in an early season-to measure the progress in achieving the goals of the selection program. The selection program based on multitrait selection under high temperatures in the early season had clear effects on genetic and phenotypic parameters. Moreover, the multitrait selection based on selection indices showed differences consistent with the goal of the selection program in all vegetative characteristics, delay bolting and chemical content of leaves that were significantly improved in the selected population compared to the original population.
This research was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El- Sheikh, Egypt, during the three growing seasons of 2013 / 1 4, 2014 / 1 5 and 2015 / 1 6 to estimate genetic variance components and type of gene action controlling the inheritance of yield and its component characters, using six- population model. Genetic materials used in this study included six populations (P1 , P2 , F1 , F2 , BC1 and BC2 ) of the two bread wheat crosses (Sakha 95 X Giza171) and (Sakha 95 X Line 1). Results revealed that, the mean effects (m) were highly significant for all characters in both crosses, indicating that these characters are quantitatively inherited. Also, the relative importance of additive and dominance effects varied with characters and crosses. The most predominant type of epistasis was additive X dominance (ad) and dominance X dominance (dd) in most characters, proving that these characters were greatly affected by these types of gene action. Broad - sense heritability values were high for all studied characters in both crosses, while narrow sense heritability, their values were ranged from low to moderate for the two crosses. Based on the obtained results, both crosses could be useful in the breeding progra m to develop promising lines. However, heritability and expected genetic advance from selection were higher in magnitude in the first cross (Shaka 95 X Giza 171), indicating that this cross could be more useful in isolating new promising lines and hence development of new cultivar(s) having high yielding ability.
Twenty grain sorghum genotypes of different geographic origin were evaluated in three locations (Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag governorate; ElKharga Agricultural Research Station, New valley governorate and Abo-Sombel Agricultural Research Station, Toshqi) in the summer season 2019 for assessment of the variability among the genotypes, correlation coefficient and drawing the phylogenetic tree using cluster analysis. The results indicated highly significant differences among the genotypes, environments and their interaction for all traits under investigation, suggesting that these genotypes were highly variable for almost all traits, therefore, would respond to selection. The Egyptian genotype (Dorado x LC) gave the best performance for most of studied traits under each environment and their combined data. This genotype could be released as a new Egyptian grain sorghum variety after testing in a large scale. The individual and the combined analyses indicated that most genotypes had higher genotypic and phenotypic variance components than the environmental variance, which an indicative that the environment had less effect on the expression of the studied traits; for that is these genotypes may be exploited in breeding programs. The traits which showed high genetic advance as a percentage of mean (Δg %) were plant height, panicle length, panicle width, 1000- grain weight and grain yield/plant. Moderate GCV% and PCV% were also observed for all studied traits except days to 50% flowering and number of green leaves, revealing that the genotypes have a broad base genetic background as well as good potential that will respond positively to selection. The correlation between grain yield/plant and the other studied traits was negative and highly significant for days to 50% flowering and positive and highly significant with the rest of studied traits, which mean that any improving in these traits will directly give improvement in grain yield. The lowest similarity (87.00%) was observed between genotype 5 (ICSR 89016) and genotype 15 (Dorado x LC) which are located in different groups and was located in highly diverged clusters, Therefore these genotypes were found to be a good parents for a hybridization or heterosis breading programs.
To determine the types of combining abilities, heterosis and genetic behavior of agronomic traits, six divergent canola genotypes were crossed using a half diallel mating design (excluding reciprocal crosses). The parents and their crosses were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replicates at Kafr-El-Hamam/Sharkia and Etay-El-Baroud/Behaira Agricultural Research Stations, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt. The preponderance of dominance gene action was observed for most studied traits as verified by the average degree of dominance and narrow-sense heritability. The GGE biplot revealed that N.A.36 and N.A.39 at Kafr-El-Hamam and N.A.39 and N.A.14 at Etay-El-Baroud were the best general combiners for seed weight plant-1 and N.A.36, N.A.38 and N.A.39 at Kafr-El-Hamam and N.A.36, N.A.39 and N.A.14 at Etay-El-Baroud for seed oil content, which associated with proportion of desirable genes either dominant or recessive. Superior crosses than better parents for seed weight plant-1 were observed in four crosses [N.A.36 and N.A. 37] x [N.A.38 and N.A.14] at Kafr-El-Hamam and two crosses [N.A.37] x [N.A.38 and N.A.14] at Etay-ElBaroud as well as for seed oil content in four crosses [N.A.39 and N.A.14] x [N.A.37 and N.A.38] at Kafr-El-Hamam and two crosses in [N.A.18] x [N.A.37 and N.A.38] at EtayEl-Baroud.
This study was conducted during the period from 2012 to 2014 at Kaha Vegetable Research Farm (KVRF), Qalubia governorate to evaluate six introduced genotypes of melon (PI 414723, PI 124111, PI 140471, PI 313970, PI 124112, PI 140417) and their diallel F1 hybrids in summer planting season. The results showed that the introduced genotype (1) and the hybrids 2x1 and 2x4 recorded the highest significant values for average plant length compared to the other introduced genotypes and the hybrids in summer season 2014 without significant differences between them 4x1, 5x3 and the hydride Primal produced the highest significant TSS values over all evaluated introduced genotypes and hybrids without significant differences between them. genotype 4 and hybrid 3x1 recorded the lowest significant TSS values, 6 The introduced genotypes and hybrids displayed the largest number of relevant fruits per plot (82) among all genotypes and hybrids introduced , but the lowest significant Fruits number per plot was found in 1x4 and 3x1. without significant differences between them. Mean while, the hybrid 4x5 produced the highest significant total yield per plant over all evaluated introduced genotypes and hybrids.
Evaluation of sorghum genotypes under different environments is essential for testing stability of performance and degree of adaptation which are important goals of breeding programs. Fifteen grain sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) of diverse origins were evaluated during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons at three locations, namely Shandaweel, New valley and Toshki Agric. Res. Stations. The joint regression analysis showed highly significant differences among genotypes and among environments, as well as significant genotype x environment interaction, indicating differential responses of genotypes to changes in environment for the studied traits. The G × E interactions were linear functions to the environment which were significant for all the studied entries. The evaluation parameters used were mean performance, regression coefficient and the mean squares deviation from regression. Stability analysis showed that the most stable genotypes were No. 15 for days to 50% flowering, No. 2 for plant height, No. 2, 9 and 13 for protein content, No. 10 for 1000-grain weight and genotype No. 11 for grain yield/plant.
The present study was conducted to evaluate eight berseem populations (selected for high forage yield) with five check cultivars and to estimate the relationships between yield, some growth parameters, quality characters, genetic variance, phenotypic variance, heritability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability in the experimental research station at Nubaria region, Al-Behira government across the two growing seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The results could be summarized from the combined analysis of the two seasons which indicated that the cultivar Helaly recorded the highest fresh and dry yield (71.065, 9.783 kg/plot) followed by the promising Pop.4 (70.579, 9.699 kg/plot) and Pop.6 (69.388, 9.683 kg/plot), respectively with insignificant differences. Helaly, Gemmiza- 1 and Pop.6 recorded the highest values of dry leaf/stem ratio with insignificant differences. The highest fresh leaf/stem ratio was obtained from Helaly, Pop.4 and Pop.6. While Pop.1 and Giza-6 recorded the lowest values of fresh and dry leaf/stem ratio. However, mean percentage of crude protein (CP %) and digestible crude protein (DCP %) were lower in Serw- 1 and Pop.1, while, Pop.46 and Gemmiza-1 recorded the highest values of CP% and DCP%. Helaly, Pop.46 and Gemmiza-1 gave the highest values of crude fiber (CF%) and ash%. Heritability was high for all traits studied. Fresh leaf/stem ratio showed the highest heritability (97.50%) followed by dry leaf/stem ratio (96.38%). A positive correlation was obtained between ash% with dry leaf/stem ratio and dry leaf/stem ratio (r = 0.87** and r = 0.86**), and between crude fiber with dry leaf/stem ratio and dry leaf/stem ratio (r = 0.90** and r = 0.84**). Besides, there was highly significant correlation between crude fiber% and ash% (r =-0.94**).The results reflected that Pop.4 and Pop.6 did not differ significantly from the commercial cultivar Helaly, and therefore it is recommended to multiply and use them in the breeding program to improve the productivity of Egyptian clover.
Ten Egyptian garlic clones were assessed for genetic variability and genetic advance for yield and some quality characteristics during four seasons [first season (S1), second season (S2), third season (S3) and fourth season (S4) in 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 respectively] at Vegetable Research Farm, Horticultural Research Institute and Crops Technology Research Department, Food Technology Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Kaha, Dokki and Giza Egypt. All genotypes were collected from various governorates in Egypt, i.e. Elmnofia (Ba.1), Elminia (Ba.2), El sharkia (Ba.3), El giza (Ba.4), El fayoum a (Ba.5), El fayoum b (Ba.6), Benisuif (Ba.7), Sohag (Ba.8), kalubia (Ba.9) and Asuit (Ba.10). The results showed that clone Ba.7 produced the highest bulb diameter, dry weight of leaves, bulb and plant leaves weight, total cured yield, as well as, clove weight, bulb weight and diameter after curing. Clone Ba.10 produced the tallest plants and also, contains the highest content of pungency content, followed by clone Ba.2. Estimated coefficient of variance (CV %) values indicated that most of clones had good homogeneity in all studied characters. The large portion of phenotypic variance (σ2p) was due to the genetic variance (σ2g). High genetic advance in all traits indicated that the observed significant phenotypic differences among the studied genotypes are of genetic nature and there are small environmental effects on the phenotypic variation. Therefore, simple selection can lead to improvement in these characters. The selected Beni suif (Ba.7) genotype had homogeneity, high productivity and high quality, so, it could be considered promising new clone of garlic.
Two field experiments were carried out at El-Minia governorate (Middle Egypt) during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 to evaluate the performance of 14 bread wheat cultivars namely; Gemmiza 9, Gemmiza 10, Gemmiza 11, Gemmiza 12, Sakha94, Sakha 95, Giza 168, Sids 12, Sids 14, Giza 171, Misr 1, Misr 2, Misr 3, and Shandaweel 1 under newly reclaimed lands. Randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The differences among bread wheat cultivars for all studied traits were significant in both seasons except days to heading in the second season and harvest index in both seasons. The results indicated that Gemmiza 12 recorded the lowest number of days to heading. Shandaweel 1 showed the earliest maturity than the other cultivars. Gemmiza 9 and 10 recorded the tallest plants in first season and Gemmiza 9 and Sakha 95 in the second season. Sids 12 produced the highest number of kernels spike-1 (59 kernels) in the first season, while it was (55 kernels) for Sids 12 and Misr 1 in the second season. Misr 3 recorded the highest number of spikes m-2. Giza 171 produced the highest values for 1000- kernel weight in both seasons (48.64 g and 39.01 g, respectively). The highest grain yield was obtained from Misr 3 in both seasons without significant differences among cultivars Gemmiza 10, Gemmiza 11, Sakha 94, Sakha 95, Sids 12, Misr 1, and Misr 2 in the first season and among Misr 2 and Giza 171 without significant differences in the second season. Meanwhile, Misr 3 recorded the highest biological yield in both seasons. Shandaweel 1 recorded the lowest number of grain filling duration (13.0 and 18.0), growing degree days (GDD) at grain filling stage (157.7 and 273.2), and growing degree days (GDD) at maturity stage (1317.8 and 1363.2) in both seasons. Significant and positive correlations were found between grain yield and biological yield, grain filling duration with growing degree days at filling stage and growing degree days at maturity stage, and growing degree days at filling stage with growing degree days at maturity stage. These results indicated the superiority and the suitability of Misr 3 and Misr 2 and high potentiality under the newly reclaimed lands at El-Minia Governorate.
