Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is promoted a promising decarbonization strategy. It is argued to be a potential solution for Egypt’s greenhouse gas emissions which have substantially grown over the past three decades. A widely recognized method of CCS is biological storage via microalgal cultivation. However, most CCS applications in the oil sector are geologic storage and there is no single biological storage project in Egypt. Additionally, there is a severe lack of research on microalgal applications for CO2 storage in Egypt. The study examined how technically, and economically feasible microalgae is in the sequestration of CO2 emissions, given the local context of oilfields in Egypt. That is why this research aimed to build a case study for a pure source of CO 2 emitted from a gas-sweetening plant in an oil company in the western desert of Egypt. To do so, this paper performed a laboratory experiment to examine the tolerability of two microalgal species for being exposed to a CO2 source. Based on the results of this experiment, a technical model was proposed to select the required machinery and infrastructure. Finally, it proposed a financial model of the capital and operating costs, loan repayment schedule, and net present value with sensitivity analysis. The findings showed that selling biomass as a final product was uneconomic as it generated negative IRR and NPV. More interestingly, trading carbon credits in the Egyptian voluntary carbon market can help finance the project, with the least acceptable price of 9.7 US$/ton of CO2. The originality of this research comes from its multidisciplinary approach of adopting phycology science in the oil industry and its generalizability to similar CO2 sources in locations with no restrictions on land availability.
Nanotechnology is defined as the manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale using scientific knowledge from various industrial and biomedical applications. The nanoparticle generally refers to the individual molecules that make up the bulk of the nanomaterial. Nanoparticles are particles with a size of one to 100 nanometers (nm) and made up of three layers since they are complex molecules. This study was carried out to prepare Copper Oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using the green synthesis method which is an environmentally friendly technique without using hazardous chemicals. Hazardous chemical substances lead to pollution of water which causes environmental contamination, so we used CuO NPs that were synthesized by using green method to purify the wastewater containing lead ion. Hence, the extracts of Spinacia oleracea were used as reducing agent. The synthesized CuO NPs nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The two parameters of experiments, the metal ion concentration and pH were studied for the removal of Pb (II) from wastewater using the CuO NPs as nanosorbent. The synthesizing of CuO NPs was successful, the color change of the mixture of copper sulphate and spinach extract from light green to dark green indicates the succession of the synthesizing CuO NPs. The EDX and UV-Vis spectroscopy also indicated the succession of synthesizing of CuO NPs. The optimum removal efficiency of Pb (II) was found 78% and 85% for pH 7.01 and concentration of 0.002M, respectively. These factors showed that CuO NPs are good nanosorbents to purify wastewater contaminated with lead ions.
Rabbits can get intestinal illnesses, particularly after they've been weaned and switched from milk to solid food. Propolis (PR) is a mixture of proteins, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds that can increase the level of serum immunoglobulin, improve the antioxidant state of the animals and lessen the severity of clinical symptoms and death. So this study was designed to evaluate the effect of using (PR) on productive performance, cecum microbial activity of postweaning growing male rabbits. Twenty New Zealand White (NZW) male rabbits, 5 weeks old were randomly divided into two equal groups, with 695.75± 10.01 g BW. In the 1st group, rabbits were fed without any supplementation and considered as the control group. While, those in the 2 group were orally given (PR) at 500 mg/kg BW 3days /week for 10 weeks. Results revealed that nd growing rabbits treated with (PR) show a decrease in pH value and E. coli count as compared with the control group.in addition, using (PR) causing significantly increased in plasma total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations in treated than the control group. Conclusively, from the obtained results it could be concluded that the supplementation of(PR) had positive effects on rabbit’s performance as well as, cecal microbial activity of growing rabbits.
Mango seed kernel, apricot seed kernel, papaya seed and roselle seeds are the most important wastes remaining after the processing of fruits. Due to the shortage of edible oils particularly in developing countries, it has become necessary to search for new sources of oils. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of utilization these wastes as untraditional sources of edible oils. The results showed that all seeds samples had high amounts of oils and considered to be a good source of crude oils. Physicochemical properties of the oils extracted were iodine value, 54.25-112.30 g I2 /100 g oil; saponification value, 189.36-195.45 mg of KOH/g of oil; acid value, 0.88 - 2.56 mg of KOH/g of oil, free fatty acid, 0.83 - 2.29 g/100 g of oil, and peroxide value 1.29-2.89 meq of O2/kg of oil. Oil samples had high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids with oleic and linoleic acids being the major ones. The major fatty acids in mango seed kernel oil were stearic and palmitic acids which recorded 49.33 and 8.06%, respectively. It is worthy to mention that the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in apricot seed oil was the highest (93.59%), followed by papaya seed oil (79.81%) and roselle seed oil (73.19%), respectively, which reflect the nutritional importance of these oils.
The efficacy of Metformin in managing type 2 diabetes varies widely due to genetic diversity, influencing pharmacogenomic responses. Recent studies, employing Genome-wide association research (GWAS), have identified genetic variants associated with Metformin response, revealing pathways like AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) and Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) involved in its mechanisms of action. Genetic variations in transporter genes like OCT1 and MATE2 affect Metformin absorption and glucose regulation. Collaboration through multicohort meta-analyses validates these findings, considering ethnicity and environmental influences. Despite these advancements, research on genetic determinants of Metformin response in Middle Eastern populations is limited. Studies from Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia highlight associations between genetic variations and Metformin response in type 2 diabetes. The Inclusion of diverse populations in genomic databases like the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and tools like the Ensembl genome browser enhances understanding of genetic diversity for personalized medicine. Greater inclusivity in genetic studies is crucial to improve research generalizability and advance personalized medicine in diverse populations, addressing disparities in genomic research representation. This underscores the need for a multifaceted approach to personalized diabetes management, integrating pharmacogenomic insights from diverse populations.
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between lumbar lordotic angle and the severity of menstrual pain in adolescent females. A total of 210 participants aged 13-19 years (mean age = 15.76 ± 1.37 years) were recruited from public and private secondary schools in 6th October City, Giza, Egypt. Lumbar hyperlordosis was measured using a validated digital inclinometer, and menstrual pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The mean lumbar angle and VAS score were 47.3 ± 4.6 and 6.2 ± 1.1, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between the lumbar angle and VAS score (r = 0.52, p < 0.0001), indicating that increased lumbar hyperlordosis is associated with a greater severity of menstrual pain. These findings support the biomechanical hypothesis that spinal posture, particularly lumbar hyperlordosis, may influence dysmenorrhea. One non-invasive method of managing adolescent female dysmenorrhea may be postural examination and modification.
Cast in situ sandwich panel walls construction systems become a real competitor to the traditional systems especially in low rise buildings. The energy efficiency of this type of buildings and its ease of manufacturing and construction give the opportunity of popularity of that system in many regions. The bearing walls in the sandwich panel systems are responsible for resisting both gravity and lateral loads. However, sandwich panels structural systems do not have their own code design provisions yet. Thus the designers depend on the experimental results or the simulated provisions of reinforced concrete codes or standards. In this study, eight squat sandwich panel walls are tested under both constant axial and quasi-static seismic loads. The tests parameters included boundary element type, aspect ratio, horizontal reinforcement ratio, concrete compressive strength and level of axial load. Due to the complexity of the experimental tests and the need for simple shear strength prediction methods, the feasibility of utilization of the published conventional reinforced concrete walls equations in predicting the peak shear strength of sandwich panels squat walls is discussed. The experimental shear strength results of current study and that in the literature are compared with the predictive equations published in design codes as well as those available in the literature. Eight prediction equations are selected and presented. Four equations were provided by building codes from USA, New Zealand and Canada. The other four equations were proposed in the literature. The predicted values by the New Zealand Code NZS 3101:2006 presents the best code prediction provisions and the equation proposed by Carrillo and Alcocer provides a conservative prediction with low results dispersion. The suggested modification factor on Sanchez-Alejandre and Alcocer equation gives the best shear strength prediction of sandwich panels walls.
Newmark's sliding block model accounts for the permanent seismic deformation of slopes only when the factor of safety drops below unity. Numerical analysis shows, however, that permanent seismic deformations accumulate at higher safety factors. In this paper, new threshold acceleration is defined for dry sand slopes such that the permanent seismic deformation from Newmark-type analysis matches the output of seismic finite element analysis. The proposed threshold acceleration marks the onset of permanent seismic deformation development inside the soil mass and, hence, is lower than Newmark's yield acceleration required for the development of a complete failure surface. Different slope heights, surface surcharges and input motion intensities are investigated. The results show that the proposed threshold acceleration corresponds to 83-96% of the static factor of safety. The deduced range can be used to estimate lower and upper bounds of the permanent seismic deformation. The threshold acceleration is correlated with the peak crest acceleration through a power function.
The present study was designed to investigate presence of different elements in drinking water of district Lakki Marwat. Concentration of iron, zinc, lead, cadmium and chromium were studied in water samples collected from seventeen different areas of Lakki Marwat district. It was observed that concentration of iron was above the standard values in all samples and was found maximum in Wanda and Machen Khel areas of Lakki Marwat. On the other hand, zinc was found to be well below the standard limits in all areas. The concentration of lead varied in different areas with the highest concentration in Kaka Khel while the lowest was found in Bego Khel and Mir Janan areas. Cadmium was found above the standard value of WHO in eight places while remaining places had lower values of cadmium. Chromium was found at lower concentration in thirteen areas while the remaining areas had chromium concentration above the standard limits of WHO. It can be concluded from the present study that iron is commonly exceeding the standard limits in drinking water of district Lakki Marwat, while the remaining element are variable in quantity in different areas.
The basic objective of the studywas to utilize our available resources and time in a proper way to study and isolate those strains of bacteria that are found to be resistant to heavy metals. Total amount of Co was determined by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC Perkin Elmer model). Samples were run through reverse phase C18 column by using 66% acetonitrile in water (mobile phase) at a flow rate of 0.800 mL. Cobalt was detected by their absorbance in the UV range at wave length( ) of 211 nm. Volume of the samples injected was 20 μL. Growth of bacterial strain was determined by taking OD at 600nm of bacterial cultures grown for 24 hours in different concentration (0, 300, 400 and 500μgmL -1 ) of Co. Red Bean seeds (stressed with different concentration of Co) were inoculated with our bacterial isolates. Control seeds were without inoculation and without any stress. It was noticed that the isolated reduced seed germination as compared to control in the absence of Co.
The article examines the role that culture and imperialism play in the writing of Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart (1958). This is conducted by focusing upon the status which Achebe occupies in African literature and how such a novel is a means on his part to write back. It shows how the subalterns have attained a voice that will finally be heard. Therefore, the objective of this article is to shed light upon essential ideologies, rituals and practices that helped shape the narrative, characterization and themes in the story as a whole in order to refute a discourse imposed by the other.
The Entomopathogenic micro-fungal species Metarhizium anisopliae was collected from the agricultural soils of Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. Micro-fungal spores of Metarhizium anisopliae were tested for its effect on the feeding of Spodoptera litura at three different concentrations of 103, 105 and 107. The Higher concentration of spore significantly reduce the consumption of leaf. The exposure of fungal spore's concentration decrease the production efficiency. The microfungal infection reduction of Spodoptera litura gut enzymes such as amylase and trehalase and reduced weight gain of infected insects and 33.32% mortality recorded in microfungal infected S.litura .
Alcoholic beverages were properly made from various polished cereal grains and their bran. Wild rice bran shows black color, however, resulting alcoholic beverages have pale yellow color. Alcoholic beverage made from uncooked black rice bran shows brilliant red color just like grape wine. The ethanol concentration of various alcoholic beverages made from polished rice and bran was approximately 11.3 to 15.1% (v/v). The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the alcoholic beverages made from polished wild rice and polished black rice were relatively higher than that of alcoholic beverage made from polished white rice. The compounds related with DPPH radical scavenging activity of black rice were mostly located in the bran layer; however, in the case of wild rice, the compounds might be distributed over whole grain. The compounds related with DPPH radical scavenging activity and the compound related to inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation are thought to be different.
This paper initiates a line of investigation with confident approaches for status of the system in PageRank. Most of the existing rank algorithms are adopted AdaBoost which is rank-based approach. More than the years, researchers have often detained the proposition the substance based approach should achieve improved than the rank-based ones, but many experiments do not support this proposition. This paper presents a pioneer, successful and comfortable discover of a technique that includes the process of substance deploying, to get the relevant web documents during browsing. To improve the PageRank in a success way, MatLab tool is used to get the results in relevant out of the ordinary information from the web. Important experiments are done with the help of ACA, BDA and TREC data sets, to make obvious future achievements to encourage a better performance of Candidate Transaction PageRank Algorithm.
An experiment was conducted at the Horticultural farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to evaluate the arsenic accumulation by the rice plant during the period from July 2012 to October 2012 following Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications each. Rice plant (BRRI dhan-29) grown at soil treated with different arsenic concentrations viz. A 0 ; 0 ppm, A 1 ; 500 ppm, A 2 ; 1000 ppm and A 3 ; 2000 ppm. Number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, tiller number, number of panicle, number of filled grain, plant biomass and grain biomass were decreased significantly while the arsenic contamination level in soil increased. Rice plant biomass accumulated 206.0, 195.0, 82.9, 54.5 ppm and grain accumulated 61.6, 36.5, 29.9, 14.9 ppm arsenic respectively from 2000, 1000, 500 and 0 ppm arsenic contaminated soil.
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) are highly becoming an important part of all kinds of mobile users i.e. both in commercial and non-commercial based organizations and its future products. Routing in MANET has been the most over researched topic as it requires more reliability while forwarding the packets to the neighbor or a destination with promising routing constraints in place. Developing a more scalable, energy efficient and reliable routing protocol for MANET is largely limited by its design constraints such as Size, Width Adaptability and Portability. This research paper has proposed a Dynamic Threshold Value Calculation algorithm and also proposed a neighbor discovery procedure to reach the destination. With these parameters, the proposed algorithm found an optimum transmission power route to the destination without overloading the network nodes too much. The proposed work was implemented in NS 2.34 simulator in Fedora Operating System, where the results showed that the proposed approach has offered better results than Maximum Battery Cost Routing (MBCR) and Minimum Cost Routing (MCR) in terms of Energy Consumption rate, Remaining Residual Energy and Packet Loss Ratio.
Obesity lead to adverse metabolic effects. Obese subjects are at increased risk of liver problems. The incidence of obese patients with fatty liver has increased. This study was conducted to find out the effects of diet restriction and exercise training program on liver enzymes levels (AST and ALT) in centrally obese Egyptian women with fatty liver. Forty eight obese women with BMI30-39.9 Kg/m² and their ages ranged from 45 to 55 years participated in the study. The patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group 1: (n=24) received weight reduction program (healthy lifestyle control), diet-induced weight loss (1200-1300 Kcal/day) and aerobic exercise for 12weeks. The exercise intervention consisted of electronic treadmill for 50 minutes, the patients trained to achieve a heart rate of 60-75% of her maximal heart rate for 3 times /week. Group 2: (n=24) were given general information about healthy food choices and low-caloric diet (1200-1300 kg/day) for the same period. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and Liver enzymes(AST and ALT)levels were measured. Results showed no significant differences between groups at the baseline. After 12 weeks, women in group (1) showed a highly significant reduction in weight (p =0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.001), AST (p = 0.001) and ALT (p = 0.001). Women in group (2) also demonstrated significant statistically differences in the mean values of weight (p =0.001), BMI (p= 0.01), waist circumference (p= 0.001), AST (p = 0.001) and ALT (p = 0.001). The reduction in ALT levels in group (1) and group (2) is 50.8% and 18.58%respectively, AST also decreased in group (1) and group (2) by 54.46 % and 25.59 % respectively. It can be concluded that lifestyle modification, exercise training and low caloric diet resulted in weight reduction and improvement of liver enzymes (AST and ALT) in centrally obese Egyptian women with fatty liver but exercise training and low caloric diet is potentially more valuable than diet restriction only.
In this paper, we are interested in studying entropy and dynamics entanglement between a single time dependent three-level atoms interacting with one-mode cavity field when the atomic motion is taken into account. An exact analytical solution for the wave function is given by using Schrodinger equation for a specific initial condition. The field entropy of this system is investigated in the non-resonant case. The influences of the detuning parameters and atomic motion on the entanglement degree are examined. We show that both of the detuning parameters and atomic motion play important roles in the evolution of von Neumann entropy and atomic populations. Finally, conclusion and some features are given.
An experiment was accomplished at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Bangladesh during June 2011 to March 2012 to evaluate the performance of strawberry germplasm. Three Strawberry germplasm viz. V 1 (Germplasm-01), V 2 (Germplasm-02), V 3 (Germplasm-03) were exploited on the experiment; which was outlined in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five replication each. Among germplasm, utmost fruits number (16.5 plant 1), single fruit weight (14.1 g), total fruit weight (244.9 g plant -1 ), brix percentage (8.3%) were found from V 1 whereas least for the same were recorded in V 2 . In view of overall performances, this study suggests that V 1 can be used as a potential germplasm for sustainable yield production.
