The sanctions imposed on Russia by Western countries in 2022 acted as a catalyst for a large-scale restructuring of trade flows across the Eurasian region. While aimed at isolating the Russian economy, these restrictions ultimately failed to achieve their goal but instead provoked a significant transformation of the system of international economic relations. In this new environment, Central Asia has acquired strategic importance, evolving into a key partner for Russia and a vital transit hub for trade exchange. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural changes in Russia’s trade and economic relations with the Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan) between 2020 and 2024. The study aims to assess the impact of sanctions on the reorientation of Russia’s trade flows towards Central Asia following 2022. It employs a comparative analysis of customs statistics and data from international organizations (ITC Trade Map, World Bank) to track dynamics in trade volume and structure before and after the imposition of sanctions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of new commodity niches, mechanisms of parallel imports, and the prospects for further economic integration within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The central hypothesis posits that the growth in Russia’s trade turnover with Central Asian countries was differential in nature and determined by specific factors unique to each country in the region. The findings confirm this hypothesis, identifying key drivers such as logistics rerouting and import substitution. The study concludes that, despite persistent sanctions risks and infrastructure limitations, Central Asia has solidified its role as a strategically important economic partner for Russia, with relations continuing an upward trajectory.
The relevance of the topic is related to the need to develop technological product platforms (hereinafter CCI) and industrial ecosystems (hereinafter PE), based on the transformation of cardinal innovative solutions using digital technologies to ensure the creation of highly competitive products developed and manufactured to replace analogues previously imported due to high sanctions pressure. The development of CCI and PE requires the development and creation of economic tools for transforming the potentials of innovative solutions for the mechanism of managing the transition of an organization to a position of technological leadership through the production and commercialization of radically new products. The research objectives include analyzing existing approaches to transformation and identifying their main types in industrial ecosystems, developing recommendations for managing the organization’s transition to a position of technological leadership through the production and commercialization of radically new products. The purpose of this research is to study the role and effectiveness of digital technologies in the processes of transformation into industrial platforms and ecosystems as part of strategies for transforming the potential of innovative solutions. It is assumed that an integrated approach can significantly increase the company’s competitiveness in the international market and accelerate the growth of its economic performance. The research methods are content analysis of sources and economic and mathematical modeling of network multilateral effects of platforms. As a result, the effects of industrial platforms and ecosystems were studied, and a mechanism for the development of an organization based on a platform approach was formed.
Amid slowing global economic growth and declining external demand, several traditionally export-led Asian markets try to diversify their economic growth sources and expand household consumption expenditures. The largest Asian markets possess significant but not fully realized consumer potential, which is largely shaped by regional characteristics - particularly the considerable difference in household consumption expenditures’ dependency on the dynamics of their key determinants. The study aims to quantitatively assess this dependency for a group of the 10 largest consumer markets in Asia - China, India, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam - and compare them with global trends in order to evaluate the region’s potential to become a global consumption center and, consequently, to turn Asian consumption into a driver of both regional and global growth. The methodological basis of the study is a fixed-effects regression model calculated for current and permanent income specifications. It was found that the income elasticity of consumption in Asia is significantly lower compared to the global trend. A key barrier preventing private consumption from becoming a driver of regional growth remains the traditional high household saving rate and a households’ preference for long-term stability over short-term income growth. As a result, despite rapid income growth and the middle class expansion, these factors are likely to contribute to sustained consumer demand growth only in the medium term - over a horizon of five years or more. Inflation, on the other hand, has an opposite effect on private consumption dynamics: when prices rise, households are more inclined to direct short-term income gains toward additional consumption. The inertial export orientation in several Asian economies remains an obstacle to the shift toward consumption-led growth. However, the rapid development of financial systems is a stimulating factor. An important factor influencing the dynamics of private consumption is the gender structure of the population. In all societies, women are drivers of consumer demand, but this effect is significantly stronger in Asia.
Analysis of historical market data from 2020 to 2024 reveals a profound structural shift in Indonesia’s energy landscape: domestic crude production plummeted by 17.96%, while oil demand simultaneously surged by 14.57%. This widening supply-demand gap has severely intensified national energy security concerns, pushing Indonesia’s net deficit to approximately 1.0 million barrels per day (bpd). This critical gap directly pressures fiscal stability due to escalating fuel subsidy costs and exposes the macroeconomy to global price shocks. Given the market’s inherent non-linearity, driven by WTI price volatility and frequent, policy-led structural shifts (e.g., the deployment of AI for subsidized fuel control and the B40 biodiesel mandate), traditional linear models like ARIMA are severely limited in their predictive accuracy. We propose the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning network as a methodologically superior approach. The LSTM’s recurrent architecture, with its specialized gate mechanisms, is uniquely suited to capture the non-linear dynamics and long-term temporal dependencies of complex energy time series data. To ensure the reliability of our findings, model robustness was explicitly ensured via k-fold cross-validation and a thorough discussion of inherent dataset size limitations was provided, directly addressing methodological concerns. Empirical findings confirm the LSTM model’s significant superiority over the conventional benchmark, achieving a 57.24% reduction in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and significantly lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) compared to the ARIMA baseline. This high-precision forecast provides critical foresight for Indonesian policymakers, enabling proactive management of fiscal risk, targeted adjustments to foreign exchange reserves, and the successful acceleration of the national Indonesia Oil and Gas (IOG) 4.0 strategy toward long-term energy resilience.
This study investigates the feasibility of introducing a supranational settlement instrument - the BRICS Currency Unit (BCU) - designed to reduce exchange-rate volatility, enhance financial sovereignty, and strengthen trade and investment flows among BRICS and BRICS+ members. The research models the real effective exchange rates (REERs) of BRICS countries using data from the Bank for International Settlements. Macroeconomic drivers-including GDP growth, inflation, current-account balances, foreign direct investment inflows, reserves, and the share of intra-BRICS trade-were incorporated into the modeling. Five alternative weighting schemes for the BCU were tested to identify the most stable and diversified composition. The analysis confirmed that REER dynamics across BRICS are shaped by both shared and country-specific macroeconomic factors, complicating the creation of a unified framework. Among tested approaches, GDP-growth-based weighting minimized correlation with domestic shocks and produced the most stable basket. This variant of the BCU demonstrated the strongest diversification properties, effectively mitigating currency risks and enhancing predictability for long-term trade and investment contracts. The findings support the potential of the BCU as a hedging tool and settlement mechanism that can reduce transaction costs, stabilize pricing in energy, agriculture, and manufacturing, and increase competitiveness of BRICS economies. Extending its application to BRICS+ partners would further diversify settlement options, reduce dependency on the US dollar, and reinforce the role of BRICS in the global economy.
The establishment of the intergovernmental association that later became known as BRICS - uniting Brazil, Russia, India, and China - took place in June 2006 during the St. Petersburg Economic Forum. Since then, the group has evolved into one of the most influential formats of cooperation among emerging economies, providing a structured yet flexible platform for political dialogue and economic coordination. Annual summits, ministerial consultations, and sectoral working groups have contributed to a gradual institutionalization of the format, even though BRICS remains distinct from traditional economic or military alliances. It lacks a common tariff policy, a free trade area, or supranational governance mechanisms, emphasizing instead the principles of equality, sovereignty, and mutual benefit among its members. This study examines the evolving role of China and Russia as central actors within BRICS and their capacity to influence global governance. The research draws upon a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis of academic literature and official policy documents with quantitative assessment based on data from the IMF, World Bank, UN Comtrade, and national statistical agencies. The findings demonstrate that China’s growing economic dominance within the bloc has generated a form of asymmetrical interdependence, while Russia continues to provide political and strategic balance. At the same time, the shared objective of reducing Western economic hegemony and promoting a multipolar order continues to unite the member states despite internal divergences. The study concludes that BRICS functions as an evolving platform for shaping an alternative model of globalization - one based not on confrontation, but on the diversification of international institutions and the search for more inclusive mechanisms of global governance.
The study analyzes the role of BRICS in shaping the multipolar architecture of international relations. The focus is on the economic and geopolitical functions of the alliance, in particular its role as a platform for bringing civilizations together and mitigating global contradictions. The increasing tension in the system of international relations and the widespread escalation of conflicts compel us to talk about instruments, institutions and associations that have a direct or indirect opportunity to influence the stabilization and settlement of global contradictions. The proactive socio-economic and political inclusive expansion of the BRICS, which is spreading across the spectrum of civilizations, can already form alternative centers of regional power today, gradually bringing the opposing powers closer together. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of civilizational factors on the geopolitical situation and to determine the role of BRICS in shaping the new world order through integration socio-economic processes. Analytical methods were used to study the theoretical foundations, methods of systematization and content analysis for processing publications and data. Comparative analysis was also used to identify the features of BRICS in relation to Western alliances, deduction and induction to create a holistic model of the alliance’s influence on world politics. It is determined that BRICS plays an important role in promoting the processes of de-dollarization, providing financial resources through the New Development Bank and strengthening the positions of the participating countries in the international system. It has been established that the alliance actively promotes the rapprochement of civilizations through transparent and tolerant partnership. The analysis showed that the architecture of BRICS cooperation attracts the interest of non-Western countries due to a fair and equitable approach, which leads to an increase in the number of those wishing to join the alliance. The intensification of forums, the creation of coordinating institutions and the strengthening of economic ties make BRICS an important element of international politics. The analysis of geopolitical processes demonstrates that the expansion of BRICS occurs mainly in the zones of civilizational faults identified by S. Huntington, while the alliance includes representatives of 6 of the 8 major civilizations (Orthodox, Sini, Hindu, Latin American, Islamic and African). It has been established that, unlike Western associations with pronounced US leadership, BRICS has a polycentric decision-making model that requires consensus among all participants, which creates institutional prerequisites for mitigating inter-civilizational contradictions. It has been revealed that the New Development Bank, which approved loans worth $32.3 billion without political conditions by the end of 2023, is forming an alternative model of international financing that promotes economic convergence of states of different civilizations. Of particular importance is the strategy of “inclusive expansion” of the BRICS, in which countries in potential or actual confrontation (India - Pakistan, Iran - Saudi Arabia, Egypt - Ethiopia) are accepted into the alliance, which creates a platform for dialogue and economic cooperation that reduces the potential for conflict along the lines of civilizational fault.
Indonesia has played a significant role in the global shift towards multipolarity. After joining ASEAN in 1967, Indonesia officially joined BRICS+ in early 2025. Indonesia’s involvement in these blocs is undoubtedly intended to increase economic growth through international trade. This study examines Indonesia’s involvement in establishing bilateral trade cooperation and explores opportunities for future Indonesian trade cooperation with these two blocs. Researchers employed four approaches, including trend visualization, the trade complementarity index (TCI), the trade intensity index (TII), and the autoregressive distributed lag approach. Trend visualization shows that Indonesia had significant trade cooperation with Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, and India from 2012 to 2023. The TCI calculation reveals that Indonesia has a reasonably high trade compatibility with other ASEAN and BRICS+ countries, with an average TCI value of 0.8. Thus, the TII discloses that several countries have the potential to become new markets for Indonesian trade. The Russian Federation and the Lao PDR are the countries with the most potential for Indonesian trade collaboration. The ARDL model analysis indicates that the values of Indonesia’s imports to ASEAN, its exports to BRICS+, and the exchange rate have a significant impact on Indonesia’s GDP. This study offers a comprehensive examination of the impact of Indonesia’s participation in multipolar organizations on its economic growth, particularly in relation to its membership in the BRICS+ group. Indonesia’s economic growth forecast indicates an upward trend, with an average growth rate of 3.4% projected over the next decade. This suggests that Indonesia’s involvement in ASEAN and BRICS is expected to have a substantial impact on its economic development. In conclusion, Indonesia’s decision to join the BRICS+ is a strategic move aimed at diversifying international trade and reducing its dependence on conventional markets. This study recommends that policymakers develop regulations for bilateral trade cooperation between Indonesia and ASEAN, as well as BRICS+ countries.
The study examines the importance of organizing and evaluating the dynamics of public-private partnership (PPP) projects in the tourism sector, taking into account the development of infrastructure facilities in tourist clusters. The study presents aspects of diagnostics and the most important issues of monitoring the functioning of regional tourism clusters based on improving the efficiency of using investment resources of concession agreements. The role of the system of public financing and risk management based on the principles of public-private partnership for the development of the tourism sector and tourism clusters, which are considering this form of financing for the further use of tourism potential and improvement of tourism policy in their regions, is shown. Using the mechanism of concession agreements, federal subjects use the opportunity to build large infrastructure facilities for tourism in conditions of budget deficit, which allows them to develop the economy and social sphere of these subjects. These results make it possible to identify measures to initiate the activities of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal bodies of local self-government to more proactively carry out work to attract project investments of public-private partnerships to create favorable conditions for the development of tourism infrastructure, improve the investment climate and conduct tourism business.
The sanctions imposed on Russia by Western countries in 2022 acted as a catalyst for a large-scale restructuring of trade flows across the Eurasian region. While aimed at isolating the Russian economy, these restrictions ultimately failed to achieve their goal but instead provoked a significant transformation of the system of international economic relations. In this new environment, Central Asia has acquired strategic importance, evolving into a key partner for Russia and a vital transit hub for trade exchange. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural changes in Russia’s trade and economic relations with the Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan) between 2020 and 2024. The study aims to assess the impact of sanctions on the reorientation of Russia’s trade flows towards Central Asia following 2022. It employs a comparative analysis of customs statistics and data from international organizations (ITC Trade Map, World Bank) to track dynamics in trade volume and structure before and after the imposition of sanctions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of new commodity niches, mechanisms of parallel imports, and the prospects for further economic integration within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The central hypothesis posits that the growth in Russia’s trade turnover with Central Asian countries was differential in nature and determined by specific factors unique to each country in the region. The findings confirm this hypothesis, identifying key drivers such as logistics rerouting and import substitution. The study concludes that, despite persistent sanctions risks and infrastructure limitations, Central Asia has solidified its role as a strategically important economic partner for Russia, with relations continuing an upward trajectory.
The study aims to summarize the best international practices of Internet marketing in healthcare and identify the prospects for adapting these practices to the specifics and modern needs of the socio-economic system of Russia to improve the quality of life in it. It contains an empirical study based on official statistics for 2025. An assessment of the quality of life in modern Russia from the standpoint of healthcare was made, revealing the incomplete disclosure of the potential for its improvement based on Internet marketing. As a result, an econometric model of improving the quality of life with the development of Internet marketing in healthcare was obtained, which clarified the consequences for healthcare as a component of the quality of life, which lead to its internetization and explained the influence of various factors of the internetization of society and the economy on the healthcare system. It was concluded that for the most complete realization of the potential of healthcare in the field of improving the quality of life, it is necessary to develop Internet marketing in healthcare. The theoretical contribution is to develop a new approach to the development of healthcare to improve the quality of life, based on Internet marketing. The advantage of the new approach is the systematic nature of marketization and internetization in healthcare, as well as improved coordination of market and digital reforms SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT in the Russian healthcare system. In accordance with the author’s approach, the optimal combination of factors of the internetization of society and the economy was selected and scientific and practical recommendations were proposed to reveal the potential of Internet marketing in the healthcare system in Russia, and a forecast was made of the consequences of the internetization of healthcare for its development and quality of life in Russia. The application of the proposed applied solutions will reduce the burden on the state budget for financing healthcare, increase the quality and availability of medical services in Russia, and also increase the efficiency of the implementation of the state program for the development of healthcare in Russia until 2030-2036.
The events of 2022 revealed a number of problems of global importance and became the starting point for the formation of new trends in the global economy and international economic relations. Anti-Russian sanctions and the rebalancing of Russia’s main trading partners, the ongoing BRICS summits and their results, damage to pipeline branches, have actually reinforced the trends towards the “rise” of the countries of the Global South, and led to changes in the participation of Asian and African countries in the system of international economic relations and in the world markets of goods and services. The study is devoted to identifying the shifts that have occurred, in particular, in the foreign trade of the Indian Republic, namely, in the structure, geography and dynamics of Indian commodity exports. This study is more than relevant, not only because India is a strategic and privileged partner for Russia, but also because after 2022. Such significant shifts have taken place in Indian foreign trade, which can contribute not only to changing the role of the country’s place in the system of international economic relations and in the world markets of goods and services but also become a kind of driver of economic growth and an instrument of India’s economic policy aimed at turning the country into an international industrial hub. In the process of conducting the research, the author refers to such methods of economic analysis as: induction, deduction, retrospective, comparative analysis, which allow for a fairly accurate and in-depth study of the selected problem. The results of the work carried out revealed: a rebalancing (rotation) of India’s main trading partners, a significant change not only in the total value of India’s foreign trade, but also a significant change in export values by trading partner; transformation of commodity groups exported by India in favor of the predominance of fuel and energy resources; change in the weight and nomenclature of Indian-Russian trade; threats and challenges facing India from Western economies and their foreign economic policies.
The study is devoted to the analysis of key performance indicators of leading IT companies in order to assess their level of competitiveness. In modern conditions, the development of IT technologies underlies the production of high-tech products and contributes to strengthening the technological sovereignty of the country. The developers of such technologies are primarily leading IT companies. Constant monitoring of functioning companies helps to identify the most effective among them. The tool proposed in the article for assessing the level of competitiveness of an organization is a modified SWOT analysis, which, in our opinion, compensates for the disadvantages of classical SWOT analysis, and is also more informative for data analysis. A significant disadvantage of classical SOWT analysis is that it is built only at the time of the last, current research period. At the same time, the dynamics of changes over the previous period is not analyzed. The dynamic SWOT analysis takes into account the current state of companies and plays a key role in the retrospective state. The proposed modified SWOT analysis makes it possible to track the competitiveness of companies in terms of limited but key performance indicators of the company in dynamics. At the same time, it is possible to select the desired evaluation metric and the analysis period. In the absence of the necessary statistical data on the company’s activities, this choice partially solves the problem. The proposed study provides an analysis of the dynamics of the state of companies in the IT sector, although our proposed approach to assessing the competitiveness of a company can be applied to other sectors of the economy. Considering a larger number of performance indicators of companies, as well as external factors, will improve the proposed methodology. The proposed method for analyzing the level of competitiveness of companies is made clear in a study based on SWOT diagrams constructed using the mathplotlib library in Python.
The study addresses the problem of adapting the financial instruments for implementing the environmental agenda to the regional context of the Russian economy. The study is devoted to identifying the financial features and prospects for accelerating the green transition of the Southern Federal District (SFD) of the Russian Federation through the optimization of eco-investments. The study is based on statistical materials of Rosstat on the dynamics of financial injections into the green transition and its manifestations in the regions of the SFD in 2021–2022, which are processed using the regression modeling method. Financial monitoring of the green transition of the SFD was carried out, which revealed the following features of this process: the inconsistency of the eco-investment trend, increasing in nominal terms, but decreasing in real terms; an institutional trap, expressed in the lack of a contribution of eco-investments to the green transformation of the environment in the SFD; patterns of increasing public and industrial involvement in the green transition in the SFD in relation to the increase in eco-investments. The prospect of accelerating the green transition of the SFD through the optimization of eco-investments is established — for this purpose, the optimal volume of eco-investments is recommended for the implementation of a complete green transition in the SFD in the period from 2036 to 2050. In the system, the listed results formed a financial model of the green transition of the SFD based on eco-investments, which highlighted the meso-level financial horizon of the green transition in the SFD and opened the “black box” of the application of financial instruments to the implementation of the green transition in the SFD due to the explanation of the transformation processes of eco-investments, specification and clarification of the return on them in the SFD. The identified meso-level features and patterns will increase the accuracy of financial planning and the efficiency of financial management of environmental activities in the SFD. A scientifically based benchmark for optimizing eco-investments in the SFD will make it possible to create a road map for the green transition of the SFD in support of achieving environmental goals in advancing Russia along a low-carbon path of economic development.
In the field of personnel management of enterprises, a modern approach is to organize the digital workspace of employees. However, often the implementation of information systems and digital technologies is carried out in fragments. In this case, local personnel management tasks are being solved, so the effectiveness of their use to achieve the strategic goals of the enterprise remains at a low level. The purpose of the research is to develop a set of digital transformation directions covering the entire personnel management system using the example of a manufacturing company. In forming a comprehensive HR management model, the authors used a systematic approach; the Canvas business model was developed, which allows them to display a vision of the company’s current position for making strategically important decisions. Business process modeling was carried out in BPMN notation, and methods for evaluating the commercial effectiveness of projects were used in the analysis of implementation results. The study proposes a set of digital transformation directions covering the entire personnel management system using the example of a manufacturing company. The low efficiency of the fragmented implementation of information systems to achieve the strategic goals of the enterprise is substantiated. These tools allow you to solve only individual local personnel management tasks. The authors have developed a model of the personnel management system of a manufacturing company, proposed possible directions for digitalization of the system, identified the main software elements that will be phased in during the organization of the employee’s digital workplace. Further, these changes are considered in the context of the HR Directorate departments. The practical significance of the study lies in identifying the positive effects that will accompany this implementation. The development and addition of new services and systems to the information architecture will form a unified digital ecosystem of the company.
Digitalization is regarded as one of the most prominent trends of development of global economy as well as international economic relations. Yet, the authors stress that when broken to transport and logistics digital processes tend to be uneven, fragmented, and generally too declarative. The research finds out that conservative way of thinking of the majority of market participants also hampers such transformation, which is mostly evident in global trade in hydrocarbons. In its turn, juridical unsettledness both globally and nationally of electronic turnover of transport documents at large and electronic Bill of Lading (B/L) in particular both globally and nationally also undermines the upcoming perspectives. Thus, it has been revealed that it is too early to speak about a well-structured system of electronic document turnover (incl. B/L segment) in logistics of international trade. As of today, it has been justified that almost 95 % of international seaborne trade is covered by B/Ls. At the same time there is no commonly accepted definition of B/L or electronic B/L. So far nothing has been juridically settled with negotiability function of e-B/L. However, there is a couple of electronic platforms that facilitate the turnover of e-B/Ls. Generally they are of limited membership and geographical coverage (for instance, EU). Besides, banks’ joining the process is quite disputable despite the fact there is already the electronic version (eUCP) of ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600). In this essence, Bolero, yet with some clauses, turns out to be the most leading platforms servicing e-B/Ls. To sum it up, the study outlines that given the lack of solid system of electronic turnover of transport documents both in organizational and juridical terms a good example of existing practices could be derived from the telex-release technology used in liner shipping of containers and containing some traits of e-B/L ascendancies. The authors conclude that it is worth positioning the current state of affairs as paperless B/L turnover or quasi-electronic rather than fully electronic one.
In the context of global transformation of trade and economic relations and the restructuring of international logistics chains, the study of China’s role as a key driver of integration processes within BRICS becomes particularly relevant. This research is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the impact of Chinese economic expansion on the development of transport and logistics infrastructure in the member countries, which presents significant scientific and practical interest in the context of forming a new architecture of international economic relations. The study conducts a detailed analysis of China’s investment activities in the infrastructure projects of BRICS countries, with a particular focus on the “Belt and Road” initiative as a systemic element of the modern logistics system in Eurasia. The methodological framework of the study includes: a comparative analysis of the economic strategies of the participating countries, an assessment of the effectiveness of logistics systems through the lens of the LPI index, statistical analysis of commodity flows, and expert evaluations of the implementation of major infrastructure projects. The results of the study indicate the ambiguous nature of Chinese influence. On one hand, a significant positive effect from Chinese investments has been identified, manifested in the modernization of transport infrastructure, an increase in trade turnover, and enhanced interconnectedness of economies. On the other hand, substantial risks have been discovered, associated with the formation of asymmetric dependence, exacerbation of debt problems, and geopolitical competition. Special attention in this study is given to differentiated strategies for BRICS countries to adapt to Chinese economic expansion. It is shown that while Russia and South Africa demonstrate a high degree of involvement in Chinese infrastructure projects, Brazil and India pursue a more balanced policy, combining cooperation with measures to protect national economic interests. In conclusion, the necessity for developing a coordinated strategy among BRICS countries aimed at diversifying transport routes, developing alternative logistics corridors, and strengthening institutional interaction is justified. Promising areas for further research include issues related to the digitalization of logistics systems and the creation of mechanisms for balanced economic partnership within the union.
Globalization is a phenomenon that in the modern world has an increasingly contradictory connotation. If in the middle of the last century most countries in the world were striving for greater openness of their economies, over the last decade there are trends of deglobalization, in order to preserve sovereignty or to protect national economic and political interests. The process of economic globalization is being strengthened through the role of international economic organizations, the conclusion of regional trade agreements, participation in economic blocs and the entry of influential big brands into new markets. The study aims to summarize the prerequisites for strengthening economic globalization, why deglobalization processes occur and what are the consequences for the world economy. The study will focus on economic globalization and will cover some more distinctive contemporary examples of economic deglobalization and their effects. Тhe analysis shows that protectionism in major economies could lead to partial market deglobalization mostly in the protected sectors and it is a prerequisite for economic shocks that lead to a deterioration in the basic indicators of the countries. Economic disintegration may lead to trade shifts and temporarily affect the country’s economy, but it does not deglobalize the national market. The challenges of the study is the simultaneous analysis of globalization and deglobalization, which adds significant complexity to the research. Moreover, the study explores many current economic issues, some of which are still evolving, such as the complex trade relations between the United States and China since the beginning of 2025.
The study presents the results of a study of possible areas of Russian-Chinese scientific and technological cooperation, covering key sectors — from IT and telecommunications to industry and space technologies. The importance of strategic partnership between Russia and China in science and technology is emphasized, and the most promising areas for creating joint Russian-Chinese scientific and technological consortiums are highlighted. Among them are artificial intelligence (AI), medicine, biotechnology, new materials and quantum computing. It is noted that China occupies a leading position in the world in terms of investment in AI, the number of patents and the implementation of machine learning algorithms in industry and everyday life. The key complementary competencies of the parties have been identified, where Russia’s fundamental research and unique technological groundwork are effectively combined with China’s strength in applied development, scaling, and commercialization. This synergy creates a foundation for breakthrough cooperation in priority areas for global scientific and technological leadership, such as AI, biomedicine, quantum computing, and new materials engineering. Russian and Chinese scientists could work together to create carbon nanomaterials for use in electronics, the aviation and space industries, and in medicine. The study concludes on the impact of Russian-Chinese scientific and technological cooperation on the Russian economy, including reduced dependence on Western technology, access to Chinese investment, production capacity, and markets for high-tech products. This is especially important in the context of sanctions pressure. In addition, it is noted that the economic effect of cooperation will be manifested in the growth of trade in high-tech goods and an increase in the number of joint ventures. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the creation of Russian-Chinese scientific consortiums in the specified areas is capable of not only strengthening the technological independence of the two countries, but also bringing them to the forefront of the global scientific and technical agenda.
At the present stage of development of the professional sports industry, such a phenomenon as sports migration is becoming more relevant and significant. The purpose of the research is to study the state and trends of migration processes in the global sports market. The current migration trends in the professional sports industry are considered on the example of world football, which is in the greatest demand among the consumer audience of a sports product, which allowed us to get the most complete picture of the development of migration processes in the industry market. The conducted research is based on the analysis of statistical data on sports migration of the International Center for Sports Research (CIES), information from the German Transfermarkt website on transfer operations of professional athletes and the report of the International Football Federation on the development of the global transfer market. A comprehensive analysis of the migration flows of professional athletes was carried out in the context of six confederations of the International Football Federation, data on the main leagues of associations were taken for more objective analysis. Based on the author’s infographics, the features of the processes of world sports migration by countries in the context of continents (confederations) are illustrated, the key directions of external and internal emigration are noted, its structure and average value per association are determined, the level of presence of legionnaires in associations around the world is revealed. The directions of migration flows of professional athletes are studied through territorial analysis, and the impact of the global transfer market on the effectiveness of economic regulation of these processes is assessed. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the effectiveness of trends in the development of sports migration depends on a balanced approach to human resource management on the part of such key industry functionaries as confederations, associations, leagues and clubs.
