Crisis communication is an important element in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. It allows for efficient exchange of information between the government and society. The crisis situation caused by Sars-CoV-2 has a negative impact on human life and health as well as on the information environment. Institutions and specially appointed teams responsible for providing information are obliged to provide reliable information based on expert knowledge. A dangerous phenomenon is disinformation, which, combined with the pandemic, may cause an increase in the crisis situation and the risks associated with it. Crisis communication based on principles and goals will lead to overcoming the effect of panic, fear and ignorance among the public.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global crisis, including in the hotel business. Occupancy rates have fallen drastically as governments around the world put restrictions on mobility. This study focuses more on crisis communication conducted by hotels and does not examine crisis management in general. The purpose of this research is to find out the steps taken by the hotel in crisis communication. This study uses a qualitative research method, where data is collected through in-depth interviews and observation. Data collection took place from February 2021 to July 2021, where the crisis still occurred. The object of research is three five-star hotels in Yogyakarta. The results showed that there were two models of crisis communication, namely isolates and egalitarian. Isolate is when communication results in proletarian solidarity due to poor communication. The hotel with an egalitarian crisis communication model is a hotel with good crisis communication, able to show empathy, and can build employee solidarity in dealing with crises.
Most of the countries in Central Africa have recorded current account deficits since the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The aim of this article is to identify the main factors explaining the behavior of the current account balances of CEMAC member countries. Using a dynamic panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, we use annual data for the period 1970-2018. The results indicate that there is a long-run relationship between the current account balance of the CEMAC countries and the explanatory variables (real exchange rate, terms of trade, domestic savings, GDP growth rate, domestic investment, inflation rate, oil price). We also show that domestic investment boosts the competitiveness of the countries concerned, that domestic savings are directed towards the consumption of foreign goods, that oil revenues do not fuel productive investment, and that there is a structural difference between the CEMAC countries; thus, the terms of trade have an asymmetrical effect on their current accounts. The results of this study lead to recommendations to the effect that diversifying the productive base of CEMAC countries is the most effective way of enabling them to rebalance their current account balances in the long term and reduce their vulnerability to external shocks.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the general principles and methods of temporary reconstruction of railway bridges. The essence of ad hoc and temporary reconstruction has been discussed. The principles of design of temporary bridges in terms of implementation of engineering design and static calculations in relation to the types of loads and permissible deformations of the span are given. Methods of temporary bridge reconstruction are also presented, and their technique and effectiveness are characterised.
