This study evaluated the effects of toasting temperature and time on the sensory characteristics, moisture content, lipid stability, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of gluten-free oat flakes and Brazil nuts ( Bertholletia excelsa ) to determine optimal processing conditions. Oat flakes were toasted at 120.0, 150.0, and 180.0 ± 0.5°C, and Brazil nuts at 120.0, 130.0, 140.0, and 150.0 ± 0.5°C for 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. Toasting significantly affected sensory quality (p < 0.05). Based on all quality measurements and sensory attribute scores, the best overall results were obtained at 180.0 ± 0.5°C for 5 min for oat flakes and 140.0 ± 0.5°C for 10 min for Brazil nuts. Moisture content decreased with increasing temperature and time, reaching optimal levels of 3-5% for oat flakes and 0.5-0.8% for Brazil nuts. In Brazil nuts, peroxide values increased from 1.12 to 3.75 meq O 2 kg⁻ 1 oil, indicating accelerated lipid oxidation under excessive heating. Toasting also increased total phenolic content from 0.070 to 0.448 mg GAE/g in oats and from 0.487 to 1.171 mg GAE/g in Brazil nuts, while enhancing DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Controlled toasting is therefore essential for producing functional muesli with high sensory quality, improved antioxidant properties, and good storage stability.
This article addresses the problem of the transition from reflexivity (T2) to projective action (T3) within Margaret Archer’s morphogenetic approach. The argument is developed through a retroductive mode of explanation. Empirical evidence concerning young people’s digital activity points to a configuration of suspended agency that cannot be explained with sufficient precision by the classical morphogenetic model alone. As a possible solution, the article proposes the concept of T0, understood as a relational generative mechanism enabling the operational integration and stabilization of axiological orientations in action. T0 does not constitute an additional level within the morphogenetic sequence. Rather, it functions as an explanatory condition that accounts for the transition from reflexivity to relatively stable forms of projective action. The article further develops the concept of chronostructures, understood as temporal conditions that stabilize social practices, and demonstrates their complementarity with T0. While T0 concerns the axiological integration of action, chronostructures provide the temporal conditions necessary for the continuity and sustainability of purposeful agency. The empirical illustration of the problem draws on data from EU Kids Online 2026, reports published by NASK, and findings from the Youth 4.0 project. The analysis demonstrates that suspended agency can be more adequately explained as the outcome of the simultaneous weakening of two complementary conditions: T0, responsible for the axiological integration of action, and chronostructures, responsible for its temporal stabilization. The principal theoretical contribution of the article consists in reconstructing T0 as a retroductively inferred explanatory mechanism complementing Archer's morphogenetic model rather than extending its ontology. The proposed model provides a more adequate explanation why reflexivity and declared values do not necessarily develop into sustained forms of projective action, despite continued access to cultural resources.
Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies, characterized by one structurally normal "pump" fetus perfusing an abnormal "acardiac" twin via placental vascular anastomoses. This case report presents a case of TRAP sequence diagnosed at 12 weeks' gestation, where serial ultrasound evaluations revealed a novel phenomenon of synchronized physiological rhythms between the pump twin's cardiac activity, the acardiac twin's arterial pulsations, and bilateral fetal movements，it's not an independent neural initiation or secondary mechanical displacement, it's a following neural initiation translated by the umbilical artery. Using a multidisciplinary approach combining obstetric ultrasound, fetal echocardiography, and real-time motion analysis, we documented 1: 1 synchronization of cardiac and arterial rhythms, with movement initiation occurring simultaneously in both fetuses on 92% of observed occasions. These findings challenge the traditional model of passive perfusion in TRAP sequence and suggest the existence of active neurovascular communication pathways between monochorionic twins. This case report provides a comprehensive review of TRAP sequence pathophysiology, presents detailed diagnostic methodology, discusses potential mechanisms underlying the observed synchronization, and concludes with implications for clinical management and future research directions.
In his book, the historian Antonio Faur from the University of Oradea, draws a history of the Jews of Oradea on the eve of Holocaust, during their persecution, ghettoization and deportation. Although between 1940-1944, the Jews of North-West Transylvania were under Hungarian rule, their condition was worse than of the remaining Jews from the Kingdom of Romania. They were deported to German and Polish concentration camps. In modern epoch, the Jews of Transylvania constituted a civilizing factor for the Austrian Empire, being in a tight alliance with the Hungarian aristocracy. But on the eve of anti-Semitism, once with the rise of fascism and numerus clausus law, Hungarians delimitated from Jewish influences. An anti-Jewish legislation was introduced in Hungary, after the outburst of the Second World War. In North-West Transylvania, there were a few Romanian ethnics who helped the Jews to escape from certain death, sometimes by emigrating in the Kingdom of Romania. Jewish contribution to Transylvanian culture, values, architecture, literature are underlined by the author Antonio Faur. The lessons that can be drawn by the readers of this book, it is that multiculturalism and tolerance would be more than helpful in order to build better European society.
A tumor, otherwise called a neoplasm, are abnormal accumulations of tissues that can either be solid or filled with fluid. Lumps or growths known as tumors constitute clusters of abnormal cells, originating from any of the trillions of cells present throughout the body. The growth patterns and behaviors of tumors vary significantly, depending on whether their classification is cancerous (malignant), non-cancerous (benign) or precancerous. Medical imaging is a process that is widely used to produce images of the human body for both medical and research purposes. A significant focus in clinical research is the automated detection of tumors in the brain using Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a sophisticated medical-imaging technology. It enables non-invasive visualization of the internal anatomy of the human body. Segmenting MRI images is vital for the detection of brain tumor. Complexities of tumor characteristics, such as shape and size, tumor-location, gray?level intensity, makes it challenging to classify segmented MRI scans into normal versus abnormal. Histogram Segmentation method, proposed in this study, is based on differentiating with order static filter. In post-processing, morphological techniques are practically employed to enhance the visibility of brain tumors. The K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classification method is then utilized to categorize tumor values into their respective categories, such as benign or malignant, based on the tumor's size. This approach helps patients and students to understand the tumor and helps physicians decide treatment based on the tumor’s size, shape, location and the type.
Historically, across the world indigenous knowledge have been marginalized, and often perceived as primitive, even though it embodies a dynamic system of knowledge introduced and developed by local communities through generations of interaction and connection they have with their environment. The holistic nature of their knowledge system and practices encompasses various domains, including social institutions, cultural practices, livelihood system, health, and natural resource management. In which characterized by its adaptive capacity in allowing local communities to respond effectively to changing environmental and climate conditions. Though to build the resilience capacity of rural people to cope with climate change, their indigenous knowledge system and practices has immense significance. D'irashe agrarian rural households cereal crop preservation practices is one of them, that are not a recent phenomenon rather it has been used and practiced for centuries. It is indigenous knowledge of the local people that provide culturally and environmentally sound effective solution to their socio-economic, and climate change concerns. This review article explore, and examines, and analyse the indigenous knowledge system of the D'irashe in crop-food preservation, and its socio-economic significance in building resilience to the effect of climate change through employing systematic review methods. Certainly examines its importance to ensure food security of the rural communities against the effects of drought and climate socks. The study finding reveal that rural communities indigenous crop preservation practices enable to ensure their food security particularly during drought season. This ensure their resilience to the impact of climate change and high climate variability.
The present article offers a comprehensive etymological investigation into the ethnonym Teyit, a self-designation used by one of the most prominent groups within the Ichkilik Kyrgyz tribal confederation. The author performs a critical re-evaluation of the long-standing hypothesis that attempts to link this name to the Arab tribe of Tayyi’, which purportedly settled in Transoxiana during the Islamic conquests of the 8th century. In contrast to this traditional view, the study proposes a novel interpretation that connects the ethnonym to the phytonym tiit (larch tree), a term found in various Turkic languages with phonetic variants such as tit or tyt. This hypothesis is substantiated by the sacred significance of the larch tree within the archaic spiritual traditions of Siberian peoples. By synthesizing data from comparative linguistics, ethnography, and population genetics, the author demonstrates the invalidity of the "Arabian" theory and proves the autochthonous Turkic origins of the ethnonym, rooted in ancient cults of nature. Furthermore, the research explores the historical involvement of the Enisei Kyrgyz in the ethnogenesis of the Yakut (Sakha) people. By analyzing previously overlooked Yakut historical folklore and oral traditions, the author argues that the Kyrgyz component played a far more substantial role in Yakut history than is currently acknowledged in mainstream historiography. A point of significant scholarly novelty is the author’s hypothesis regarding the origin of the ethnonym Kurykan —the ancestors of the Yakut people. The study suggests a direct linguistic correlation between this name and an alternative reading of the ancient Chinese characters traditionally used to denote the ethnonym Kyrgyz. This multidisciplinary approach provides a fresh perspective on the migration patterns and cultural synthesis of Turkic-speaking nomadic societies in Central and North-East Asia.
This manuscript interrogates how climate stress, household poverty, and the dowry/bride price converge to commodify girls and precipitate girl child marriage in Marsabit County, Kenya. It relies solely on findings from a mixed?methods study’s dataset in 296 household surveys (98.7% response), 16 key informant interviews (80%), 9 focus group discussions (90%), and a transect walk across villages in Buri Aramia, Balla, Korr, Namarei, and Ngurnit Community Health Units. Quantitative analyses (descriptives, chi?square tests, cross?tabs, and hierarchical binary logistic regression) and qualitative themes are integrated to explain mechanisms and pathways. Three results stand out, the first, drought?linked livelihood strain and sparse local markets observed during the transect walk coincide with household narratives of using marriage as a coping strategy to obtain bride wealth, reduce dependents, and manage risk. Second, economic pressure is a strong, independent predictor of earlier marriage: each one?unit increase in the economic composite is associated with more than double the odds of marrying at 18 or older (Odd Ratio (OR)=2.429; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)≈1.363–4.330; p=0.003) that is, stronger economic capacity protects against girl child marriage. Third, commodification of girls is explicit in community accounts and survey frequencies: the practice of exchanging dowry/bride price and the perception that marriage reduces household burden are widely endorsed as “likely” drivers (≥75–90% across related items). Based only on the study’s evidence, climate?exacerbated poverty intensifies a transactional logic around girls’ bodies and futures. Effective measures therefore must be locally grounded to protect schooling continuity during drought months, reduce reliance on dowry through livelihood support, and shift norms via community leadership while enforcing consent and age standards.
Developing intellectual property (IP) trade helps enhance the level of opening-up, promotes synergy between international supply chains and industrial chains, facilitates integration into global innovation and industrial chains, and fosters open innovation. As an important growth driver for international trade and the world economy, leveraging IP trade to better propel Chinese enterprises to occupy the commanding heights of the global innovation chain holds significant importance for accelerating China's process of building an innovative nation. To explore the correlation and dynamic equilibrium between IP imports, IP exports, and indigenous innovation, this study employs data on China's intellectual property imports, exports, and indigenous innovation from 1995 to 2021 as its sample, selecting annual IP royalties imports, IP exports, and patent application volumes as proxy indicators for endogenous variables. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model is constructed for impulse response and variance decomposition analysis. The results show a stable, long-term relationship between China's IP trade and indigenous innovation. IP imports are a significant factor influencing China’s indigenous innovation, and this impact is growing. Meanwhile, indigenous innovation in China also promotes IP imports and exports to a certain extent, with a stronger effect on exports. IP imports and exports influence each other, especially with imports impacting exports. These findings provide insights for China to formulate differentiated innovation strategies and trade measures for different periods.
Generative AI systems are widely framed as autonomous technologies, yet they depend on extensive human labour data annotation, content moderation and reinforcement learning—which remains largely invisible within dominant narratives of automation and AI ethics. Drawing on 80 semi-structured interviews across eight countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab Gulf, this study conceptualises generative AI as a labour-intensive communicative infrastructure and examines how invisibility is systematically produced in AI supply chains. This article introduces the Ethical Visibility Framework (EVF), which identifies three interlocking forms of invisibility: material invisibility, enacted through outsourcing, contractual opacity and wage suppression; epistemic invisibility, whereby workers’ situated knowledge is extracted while their status as legitimate contributors is denied; and narrative invisibility, sustained through automation discourse that erases human labour from accounts of AI performance. These dimensions reinforce one another, enabling economic extraction, expertise appropriation and responsibility deflection. By centring AI workers as epistemic agents rather than peripheral service providers, the study extends scholarship on digital labour, data justice and critical AI ethics, concluding that labour visibility is a foundational ethical requirement for legitimate AI development, not an ancillary concern, with implications for governance frameworks that treat AI ethics as technical optimisation rather than socio-technical justice.
Contemporary societies increasingly operate within rhythmic regimes dominated by technical acceleration, algorithmic anticipation, and systemic optimization. These transformations fundamentally affect the conditions under which human agency, reflexivity, and meaning-generation remain possible. Drawing on the framework of critical realism, this article argues that the current crisis of meaning cannot be adequately explained solely through relational, cultural, or psychological diagnoses. Instead, it requires a reconstruction of the ontological conditions of agency itself. Building upon Margaret S. Archer’s morphogenetic model (T1-T4), the article introduces the concept of morphodynamics, extended by an axiological level designated as T0 (axiostructure). This level is not an additional phase of social change but an ontological condition of possibility for reflexivity and sense-generating action. The article further develops the notion of chrono-hope, understood as a rhythm of action grounded in ontological openness to the future rather than in technical predictability or adaptive coping. By integrating insights from critical realism, digital anthropology, and contemporary diagnoses of acceleration and fatigue, the article proposes a typology of agency that distinguishes adaptive, instrumental, emancipatory, blocked, and transcending forms of action. Empirical references to contemporary youth research are interpreted diagnostically as manifestations of suspended agency at the level of reflexive mediation (T2). The article concludes that hope, understood not as emotion but as an ontological structure, constitutes a necessary condition of meaning-generating agency in late modern digital societies. In this sense, the morphodynamics of transcendence provides an analytical framework for diagnosing the conditions and limits of agency in the contemporary crisis of meaning.
By closely analyzing contemporary leadership techniques in the global arena of intelligent and sophisticated technology, this study seeks to evaluate the idea and practice of leadership in the current era. The capacity to express a vision, uphold its principles, and create an atmosphere where everyone can achieve the objectives and demands of the company is what it means to be a leader. At the highest echelons of an organization, leaders are typically those who hold authority, responsibility, influence, and power. But this is completely false. They are the individuals who inspire and motivate others through their behaviors, demeanors, and abilities. Modern leaders are surrounded by people who share their enthusiasm, energy, and mindset. They have a genuine fan base, teammates, and lovers, yet they are not motivated by fame or popularity. They have a clear vision and goals, and they have achieved them without requiring any special privileges, rights, or positions. In the present period, one's position or rank has little bearing on leadership. They typically continue to function as an executive senior to whom the subordinates are compelled to bow, even while their views and goals are completely at odds. Modern leaders can remain ahead of the competition, make wise judgments, and develop creative solutions that boost efficiency and production by leveraging technological innovations. The emphasis is on how businesses, sectors, organizations, agencies, or nations may acquire an effective leadership style to achieve their objectives. World-class leaders are aware of the critical role technology plays in human management. Teams may benefit from it as they expand and manage work across all platforms and locations worldwide. Standard employment is no longer as traditional as it once was due to technological advancements and globalization. Modern leaders must take a more deliberate approach to management if they are to thrive. This means being adaptable and receptive to change while simultaneously accepting new tactics and concepts. Modern leadership approaches are more appropriate in today's firms, which often struggle with innovation and change, particularly in a global setting where technology is crucial. In this age of intelligent technology, the research will look into contemporary leadership techniques from a worldwide perspective. In order to be successful, the author will also examine how technology has altered leadership, the development and ensuing difficulties of leadership globally, and the essential values and characteristics of contemporary leaders.
The Need-Fear Analysis Mapping Tool is a kind of an actor-oriented clarification analysis tool designed as a strategic framework to assist organizations, individuals, to address underlying motivations and deterrents that can influence their decision-making process. The Need-Fear Analysis Mapping Tool would not only focus on the “needs” of the actors, but also on the “fears” that can influences the decision. By mapping these elements, it will provide the actor with a much clearer picture or impending challenges that may hinder progress and can present a more effective approach or strategies to change the execution of their goal attainment. This kind of analysis tool visually serves as a “seesaw” to visually represent divergent factors of aspirations, requirements or desires of an individual or an organization against their anxieties and concerns related to a particular situation, problems or crisis. This “seesaw” effect pulls the argument in both directions. The challenge is to logically find the balance and weight of each side that can be crucial in decision-making. This is most applicable to any military organizations to properly and clearly map the situation, identifying other salient things to be considered to attain a more viable solution. Therefore, this Need-Fear Analysis Mapping Tool would bring focus, not only to the “needs” of the actors in any given situation, but also to the corresponding “fears” that should be equally considered by the actor as against the available means – all having influence later on the “options”. This should be the correct mindset that military organizations all over the world has to consider. “There is no stone unturned…” as the saying goes that will greatly influence the outcome of the situational analysis and attain a more complete and practicable solution.
Higher education institutions in developing countries, especially in Africa, face numerous challenges related to the massification of classes due to rapid growth in student enrollment in public universities. This expansion has been encouraged by public authorities, with the support of organizations like the United Nations and UNESCO, to ensure that countries can train qualified professionals and meet their socio-economic needs. However, the increase in student numbers in large classes (with some courses having over 3,000 students) raises significant concerns regarding the quality of education and equity. Issues include resource availability, content reproducibility, study conditions, and access to digital solutions. Providing this type of education requires specialized training conditions and infrastructure, which is often lacking in developing countries. This paper presents the findings of a survey conducted at the University of Lomé, which included 1,800 students and 106 teachers, all of whom experience the challenges associated with large class sizes. The student demographic primarily consists of first-year bachelor’s program entrants. The main objective of the survey is to gather insights and opinions from participants on suitable solutions the University of Lomé can implement to address the challenges of massification when enrollment exceeds 3,000 or 4,000 students. Additionally, the study aims to consider the perspectives of stakeholders in higher education to propose an ICT-based solution for managing large groups effectively. The findings of this research can also be applied to other African universities facing similar challenges and may pave the way for solutions akin to intelligent classrooms for face-to-face courses.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is dynamic and open ended platform for all stakeholders, especially for customers. Customers can easily explore everything in any corner of the world at any time by the support of AI and enjoy on demand customized service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The main objective of this study is to clarify the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on enhancing customer satisfaction in Bangladesh. This study also evaluates and emphasizes the benefits of artificial intelligence for customer satisfaction that influence consumer engagement on AI-powered systems to boost up the rate of consumer perception and drive to increase the repurchase intention of consumers and challenges of AI for customers as well as organizations that create obstacles for delivering customer service. AI helps to decrease the human involved in various IT related activity with the aid of chatgpt, deepseek, Github, Copilot, Undetectable.ai, YouChat AI and many more systems. AI and virtual assistants enable constant accessibility for consumer questions and task assistance. This approach increases customer satisfaction and builds confidence by ensuring that they can get help whenever they need it and from any location. Additionally, this study makes recommendations about how to properly utilize AI technology to improve both individual and corporate customer satisfactions while avoiding unintended direct and indirect bias, prejudice, and discrimination.
Wild edible fruit plants are essential standing in all parts of the world as a subsidiary food basket on daily basis. They are means of survival for rural communities with food and feed consumption, especially during times of drought, famine, shocks, and risks. This study intended to identify, and document scientific data, to get the constraint and opportunity potential of Wild edible fruit plants. Implementation through assessed species, partly used, habitat, mode of uses, flowering months, fruiting months, and factors of threats of wild edible fruits plants. Structured and semi-structured questionnaire interviews, key informant guided, and species quantification along 18 transact lines on 60 sampled quadrants were used to collect data in the west Hararghe zone at Daro-Lebu, Chiro, and Gumbi Bordode Weredas on six PAs. A total of 120 randomly selected sample households were interviewed for data collection. Both quantitative and qualitative data analyses were made. Descriptive analyses were made to analyze the data using SPSS version 16.0. The study embraced a total of 55 Wild edible fruit plants In addition to food values, these plants provide diverse benefits to the existing community including income, fuel wood, fencing, construction, medicine, and fodder. The top five highly impersonated wild edible fruit plant species by respondents were Psidium guajava, Mimusops kummel, Carissa spinarum L., Rosa abyssinica, Ficus sycomorus, and Oncoba spinosa forssk. However, most of them were threatened by anthropogenic factors through misconception utilities. The threat factors such as land degradation and grazing, clearing of forests for agriculture, fire, timber and charcoal, Stem, leaves, root, and bark harvest. To alleviate, the entire threat of wild edible fruit plant species; a community-based forest management system, awareness creation, and growing of wild edible fruit plant species at farms and homesteads level, is mandatory for any forest resource users. The other point is the absence of seedlings and saplings under wild edible fruit plant species in its habitat is an indicator of a regeneration problem. Therefore; the most threatened and unregenerated wild edible fruit plant species of the study areas priority should be given to the critical collection, domestication, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, and promotion of on-farm cultivation in the form of agroforestry systems. Further investigation should be considered on the collection, nutrient content analyses, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, wise utilization, and popularization of Wild edible fruit plants through forest management. These are vital points to be deliberated forward.
This study was carried out on coffee plantations belonging to producers who are members of the "10 de Octubre" Agricultural Production Cooperative, Cumanayagua Municipality, Cienfuegos Province. These farmers had plantations of Coffea arabica L., Caturra Island 6-14 variety, between May and December 2022. Five coffee plantations were selected, with different areas planted with the aforementioned coffee varieties, to evaluate the influence of Beauveria bassiana (B. bassiana) strain LBB 1 on the control of the Hypothenemus Hampei (H. hampei) pest in these coffee plantations. The preparation and application of B. bassiana followed the procedure indicated in the Cuban Standard © NC 1013: 2014, the statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statgraphics Centurion Statistical Package Version 19.5.01, assuming the levels of H. hampei infestation as the dependent variable and the dose to be used and the extension of the areas under study as independent variables. Some of the results obtained include: from an initial 20.6% infestation by the pathogen H. hampei in the areas selected for research and belonging to the aforementioned cooperative, after applying B. bassiana to control the pathogen, infestation levels were reduced by 50% from the initial levels, reaching a minimum infestation level of 8% in two of the evaluated areas. Another result obtained is that when a correlation test was performed between the means of the values shown by the initial and final levels of H. hampei infestation and the extension of the study areas, significant differences were found between them.
In this paper, we introduce the concept of Suzuki-type contractions on controlled metric spaces and prove a fixed point theory. This extends and generalises the already existing results of Suzuki-type contractions on b−metric spaces and extended b−metric spaces to controlled metric spaces. Some illustrative examples are presented in order to amplify our findings. It is shown that Suzuki-type contractions in the setting of controlled metric spaces provide greater generality and flexibility compared to the setting of metric spaces. We do this by constructing an example where a Suzuki-type contraction does not guarantee a fixed point in a standard metric space but does in a controlled metric space. In this setting, the control function in the controlled metric helps to stabilise iterative sequences in proving the fixed point theory and indeed in the application. Finally, our main result is applied to show the existence of a solution for the fredholm type integral equation. The results obtained in this paper contribute to the broader study of fixed point theory and its applications in mathematical analysis and applied sciences.
As artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly claim “human-level” or “superhuman” performance, foundational assumptions about intelligence remain under-theorized. Existing AI safety and alignment discourses often frame intelligence as disembodied, universal, and measurable-reinforcing Western-centric benchmarks such as logical reasoning, linguistic proficiency, and computational speed. This narrow framing risks legitimizing a technocratic model of alignment that excludes diverse cultural and epistemic perspectives. This paper investigates how dominant imaginaries of intelligence are constructed and contested within contemporary AI governance. Drawing on a mixed-methods design, the study combines critical discourse analysis of foundational texts from leading AI labs (OpenAI, DeepMind, Anthropic) with twenty semi-structured interviews involving AI researchers, ethicists, and interdisciplinary scholars. The analysis reveals that the prevailing conception of “superintelligence” privileges optimization, prediction, and control-while marginalizing moral reasoning, relational understanding, and embodied or situated forms of knowledge. In response, the paper proposes a pluralistic reframing of machine intelligence grounded in cognitive diversity, cultural epistemology, and participatory governance. It argues for expanding benchmarks, safety protocols, and alignment frameworks to reflect diverse values and cognitive styles. Concrete pathways for operationalizing this shift include care-aligned safety audits, epistemically diverse evaluation metrics, and polycentric governance structures. By decentering dominant techno-scientific paradigms, the paper contributes to a more inclusive and socially grounded vision of AI governance. This reframing holds significance for increasing public trust, mitigating epistemic injustice, and developing alignment strategies that are not only safe, but also equitable and contextually relevant on a global scale.
Debates on superintelligence preparedness have long been dominated by precautionary logics that emphasize speculative catastrophic risks. While these frameworks often present themselves as universal, they obscure justice-based perspectives and reinforce epistemic asymmetries between the Global North and South. This article interrogates the global discourse of “AI precaution” through a justice lens, drawing on qualitative analysis of policy documents and expert interviews conducted across diverse contexts, including Kenya, Brazil, India, South Africa, and the Philippines. The findings reveal three key dynamics. First, epistemic exclusion, where expertise and lived experience from the Global South are marginalized within precautionary imaginaries. Second, temporal asymmetry, as precautionary frameworks impose linear, universal timelines of risk that neglect locally situated priorities and temporalities. Third, distributive imbalance, whereby the burdens of precaution disproportionately fall on communities least responsible for the development of AI systems. To address these challenges, the paper introduces the concept of situated precaution as a pluralist alternative to dominant precautionary logics. Situated precaution foregrounds epistemic justice and temporal sovereignty, highlighting the importance of recognizing diverse knowledge systems, political contexts, and social vulnerabilities in shaping AI governance. By advancing this reframing, the article bridges critical theory, science and technology studies, and global policy debates, offering a framework for more equitable approaches to superintelligence preparedness. Ultimately, these reframing challenges dominant narratives that universalize risk while erasing alternative perspectives. It contributes to a broader rethinking of what it means to govern AI responsibly in a deeply unequal world, emphasizing the need for governance models that anticipate speculative futures while also addressing present injustices.
