Striking dependence of work functions of noble metals on their environments were experimentally demonstrated and analyzed in the article, for which the present author, H. Iino, T. Uchida, and J. Hanna were awarded. In addition to the origin and development of this article, further analysis of this phenomenon is directed in this paper to seek for its significance in organic and plasmonic devices.
We have developed a high-power zoom lens for PowerShot SX30IS, which is the Canon compact digital camera with 35× zoom ratio lens (f = 4.3–150.5/F 2.7–5.8). This taking lens attains a compact size by PNPNP zoom type. And the taking lens attains the high resolution by a material of “Hi Index Ultra Low Dispersion”, which we call “Hi-UD lens”.
This is a feasibility study to measure nuclear fragment reactions in tissue equivalent materials to estimate absorbed dose for carbon ion cancer therapy. A hybrid system was developed for identifying the nuclear charge of high energy ions from Z = 1 to Z = 6 by combining a silver halide photographic film and the CR-39 plastic track detector. The photographic film (the nuclear emulsion) is able to record the minimum ionizing particles such as high energy protons, while CR-39 records the tracks of heavier ions. Lines of silver clusters on the photographic films were analyzed using the ultra track selector (UTS), and this provided the peak height volumes (PHV) considered as the volumes of the lines. The etch pits on the surface of CR-39 were analyzed with the scanning optical microscope and this provided the minor axes of the etch pits. The mapping image of the etch pits was superimposed with that of the silver clusters, and the correspondence of the positions was analyzed. Three peaks were detected on the minor axis, and they were due to the ions of C, B, and Be. Similar three peaks were observed on the PHV, but the position correspondence suggested that the largest peak was due to the ions of C, B, and Be. Peak analysis of the other peaks indicated two peaks and one shoulder, which must be due to the ions of H, He, and Li.
