(Purpose) Korea and Ghana shared a similar level of development with GNP per capita of approximately $83in 1961. The Saemaul Undong, which began in the 1970s, contributed to poverty reduction, improved living conditions, high economic growth, and ultimately the transformation of Korea into a developed country, while Ghana remained a developing and aid-dependent or recipient country with high poverty levels especially in rural areas. This study aims to suggest directions for programs for sustainable poverty reduction and community development in the rural areas of Ghana based on a comparison of Korea’s Saemaul Undong and Ghana’s Northern Region Poverty Reduction Programme (NORPREP). (Design/methodology/approach) This study used a qualitative research method, conducting case studies of Saemaul Undong and NORPREP. It focused on three criteria: self-help approach, institutional coordination, and implementation approach for both programs, and takes policy suggestions into consideration to apply success factors of Saemaul Undong to NORPREP. (Findings) This study found that there are both commonalities and differences in project implementation between Saemaul Undong and NORPREP. Saemaul Undong achieved its targets on poverty reduction and rural community development, which contributed to the development of the country, and while NORPREP also achieved its targets, they had low impact, and the desire to develop the country was not achieved. (Research implication or originality) This study suggests policies for sustainable poverty reduction and community development in rural areas by applying the success factors of the Saemaul Undong to improve the NORPREP in Ghana.
(Purpose) This research deeply explores the views and attitudes of public administrators toward citizen participation (CP), as well as how they can influence trust in government among citizens and the quality of citizen participation, which can in turn affect policy outcomes. (Design/methodology/approach) The research used a six-month CP project conducted by a water resource agency in Taiwan as the case study to provide explanatory evidence proving that public administrators’ attitudes toward CP can improve trust in their relationships with citizens and can also help to achieve policy objectives. The case study utilized a narrative methodology through interviews to seek information and in-depth explanations from 31 participants to examine the propositions of this research. (Findings) In the research, the data showed that the favorable and positive attitude to adopt CP action is the primary reason to improve the relationships between government and people, which finally supported the administration’s pursuit of the policy objectives and the evidence responding to the assumption of previous studies. Strong leadership also played a significant role in exercising effective CP and guided the direction of the operation. (Research implications or Originality) The case indicated that a sincere attitude toward the citizens, gaining trust and friendship, proved to be the best way for the administrator to start a new environmental plan in the regions where severe anti-government sentiment exists.
(Purpose) Despite recent attentions and increases in statistical aid at the international level, not much research has been done on the aid system and behavior of the individual donor countries in this field.. This study analyzed the effectiveness of aid in the statistical field and the role of the institutional arrangement of the aid system from the perspective of the donor country, particularly focused on the British case. (Design/methodology/approach) We used the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to analyze donor’s patterns and behaviors in providing statistical aid and to identify incentive structures and its concerned institutional problems, which can determine the outcomes of the aid programs. (Findings) The analysis found that despite its internal motivations and informational problems the British case shows quite desirable institutional settings by having a mutual evaluation system among the actors and the presence of in-donor country statisticians in the field. The donor staffs also try to share the lessons learned from the individual cases. By doing so, the UK government tries to minimize the negative situation where the actors pursue their own interests and to ensure the sustainability of development programs. (Research implications or Originality) The British case shows that the institutional arrangement, which involves more attention to recipient ownership, could generate more desirable outcomes, as asserted by neo-institutional scholars. This implies that the donor’s aid system in the statistical field needs to be improved in a way that secure ownership and bring sustainability of aid impact.
(Purpose) Korea’s 1970s Saemaul Undong was a successful community development model and one of the main factors behind Korea’s economic growth in just one generation of time. The National Economic and Social Development Plan until 2030 of Cuba (PNDES) by its acronym in Spanish, is a strategy created by the government to improve the living conditions of the Cuban people. This research aims to improve PNDES model of Cuba from the lessons of Saemaul Undong in Korea’s 1970s. (Design/methodology/approach) The research is developed using qualitative methodology, it analyzed and compared Saemaul Undong and PNDES based on role of government, community participation and implementation method criteria. (Findings) The research’s findings claim for importance of the National leader’s philosophy in the process of tackling existing issues. PNDES should implement a proper incentive system in order to encourage and promote community participation in the national development. Finally, citizens should be empowered by the provision of a leading role in the decision making process. (Research implications or Originality) The findings imply the existing policies should be reviewed and modified according to the current situation faced by the country and lessons from Saemaul Undong properly adapted to PNDES of Cuba could be the key to succeed and achieve economic development.
(Purpose) Regardless of the various efforts of the world community, including ODA, many developing countries are still suffering from poverty. Scholars and ODA experts tried to find the cause of growth inhibition in corruption and have been interested in e-government ODA as part of their anti-corruption efforts. In order to solve the serious corruption problem, Mongolia has been active in introducing e-government through ODA. However, no objective verification has been made as to whether the e-government has a practical effect on preventing corruption in Mongolia. Therefore, this study verifies that e-government has anti-corruption effects in Mongolia. (Design/methodology/approach) In order to confirm the anti-corruption effect of e-government, data was collected by conducting a questionnaire survey on officials in the fields of customs, immigration, and procurement using actual e-government systems. In order to confirm the significant anti-corruption effect, it was divided into a behavioral and a factorial perspective. In other words, corruption was divided into three dimensions: illegal (fraudulent, transactional corruption), unfair (sponsorship corruption), and non-compliance (dereliction of duty), and the corruption factors were divided into two dimensions: administrative inefficiency and non-transparency. (Findings) Mongolian officials responded relatively positively that the introduction of e-government improved the administrative environment in Mongolia and prevented corruption. In particular, they showed positive recognition for illegal behaviors (fraudulent/transactional corruption) and non-feasance behavior. However, it was passive about the blocking effect against unfair behaviors such as politician intervention. Next, the control effect through the improvement of administrative inefficiency was generally positive, but it was found that the improvement of non-transparency was not noticeable. Meanwhile, it should be noted that when the recognition difference between officials who experienced corruption in the past or direct/indirect and those who did not. Mongolian officials with experience in corruption showed a positive perception of the control effect of the e-government. However, for unfair behaviors (sponsorship corruption), the more officials with experience in corruption responded negatively to the control effect. (Research implications or Originality) Corruption is not a simple problem that can be solved by technology alone, and e-government is not a tool consisting only of a combination of hardware and software. Since these two originate and interact in the socio-economic context, e-government ODA for corruption control should also be implemented based on a sufficient understanding and investigation of to developing countries. As such, this study differs from previous studies in that it opposes the utopian view of e-government and proposes careful implementation of the e-government ODA.
(Purpose) This study investigated the causal relationship of the variables of university start-up support policy, which has been relatively little researched in the field of university start-ups, and performed macroscopic policy simulation required for establishment of start-up support policy. In this study, a simulation method utilizing system dynamics was used. (Design/methodology/approach) This study created a causal map based on the methodology used in system dynamics, and derived a reinforcement loop and a balanced loop based on this, and explored the causal relationship among variables that can induce the success of college student’s startup. (Findings) In the case of the university''s start-up support system loop, if the university''s start-up support system is strengthened, university students'' interest in startup increases. If college students have high interest in start-ups, college students will be more prepared to start business, and if college students are more prepared for start-ups, college students'' knowledge capacity for startup will increase. Such startup knowledge competency strengthens startup efficacy, and the startup efficacy of university students raises university students'' interest in startup again, and startup interest increases startup readiness, thereby lowering the rate of startup failure (-). (Research implications or Originality) Policies and support systems to induce the success of college students'' startups and activate startups are presented as follows. ① Enhancement of the startup of university students, ②Effectiveness of creating a startup ecosystem, ③Improvement of startup education, ④Improvement of university-level startup support system, ⑤Actively reflect the achievements of startups in the assessment of university.
(Purpose) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality level of the tutoring program based on the CIPP evaluation model and to identify the areas that need improvement and support of the program to confirm the usefulness of the CIPP evaluation model. (Design/methodology/approach) This study used a self-reported questionnaire survey for participants in tutoring programs at some college in Gyeonggi-do, and finally 213 copies were used for analysis. The statistical analysis of this study was analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA. (Findings) Results showed according to the evaluation model classification, process evaluation was highest with 4.16 points. The differences in evaluation model classification according to general characteristics were higher in males than females in terms of gender. In particular, input evaluations and product evaluations were significantly higher in males. The difference according to major was higher in the social practice group than in the other major in all classifications. (Research implications or Originality) The college''s tutoring project proved to be an effective project. Furthermore, to increase the effectiveness, relevant departments of the college should actively reflect the opinions of the students so that the annual project can help students improve their academic achievement and department adjustment
(Purpose) This study aims to evaluate the adequacy of education program for human resource development(HRD) of local public officials in Gangwon-do. In particular, this study aims to analyze a leadership education programs which was conducted for grade 6th and 7th officials by the Human Resource Development Center of Gangwon-do. (Design/methodology/approach) This study was analyzed the adequacy of HRD program through variables such as HRD program contents, HRD program application, education facility and environment, lecture and etc. This study conducted an email-based survey of 223 local public officials in Gangwon-do and used statistical methods including frequency analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. (Findings) The correlation between variables constituting the research model was very high in the positive direction. And the relationship between all other variables except education facility and environment was statistically significant(p<0.01). In particular, the correlation coefficient of HRD program contents was very high(β=.577, p=.000). (Research implications or Originality) In order to maximize the effectiveness of education program for HRD of local public officials, continuous attention and innovation on various factors such as contents, applications, facility and environment, and lecture etc are needed. And to raise the adequacy of education programs for HRD of local public officials, policy considerations that can strengthen the contents and application related to the HRD programs are important. In particular, in order to cope with the era of the 4th industrial revolution characterized by hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence, and convergence, the development and operation of human resource development education programs that can diversify contents and maximize field application should be strengthened.
(Purpose) Korea’s 1970s Saemaul Undong was a successful community development model and one of the main factors behind Korea’s economic growth in just one generation of time. The National Economic and Social Development Plan until 2030 of Cuba (PNDES) by its acronym in Spanish, is a strategy created by the government to improve the living conditions of the Cuban people. This research aims to improve PNDES model of Cuba from the lessons of Saemaul Undong in Korea’s 1970s. (Design/methodology/approach) The research is developed using qualitative methodology, it analyzed and compared Saemaul Undong and PNDES based on role of government, community participation and implementation method criteria. (Findings) The research’s findings claim for importance of the National leader’s philosophy in the process of tackling existing issues. PNDES should implement a proper incentive system in order to encourage and promote community participation in the national development. Finally, citizens should be empowered by the provision of a leading role in the decision making process. (Research implications or Originality) The findings imply the existing policies should be reviewed and modified according to the current situation faced by the country and lessons from Saemaul Undong properly adapted to PNDES of Cuba could be the key to succeed and achieve economic development.
