Introduction:Normal consumption of lipids is essential for optimal baby growth and neurological development, yet comprehensive analysis of lipid content in commercial baby foods remains limited. This study provides the first systematic, AI-enhanced assessment of lipid profiles across commercially available infant food products. Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of 245 commercial baby food products was conducted using artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms for data processing and pattern recognition. Among the 245 commercial baby food products in the United States, 25 products have zero lipid content, while 220 products contain lipids ranging from 0.1 to 28.58 g of lipids. Products were categorized by total lipid content per 100g into four groups: Zero (0.0g), Low (≤ 1.0g), Moderate (>1.0-5.0g), and High (>5.0g). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and correlation analysis between ingredient profiles and lipid content. Results:Our analysis revealed that zero-lipid foods for infants comprised 10.2% of food products and were exclusively fruit-based, naturally low in fat, and suitable for early feeding, but limited in energy input. Low-lipid foods for infants accounted for the largest dataset and represented 45.3%, consisting of vegetable purées, fruit purées, and diluted fruit formulations, which reflect typical plant-based lipid profiles yet potentially require complementary higher-fat foods to meet caloric needs. The moderate-lipid food products accounted for 33.9% of the dataset. These food products included grain-vegetable mixtures, fortified fruit blends, and enriched beverages, indicating the incorporation of added oils and/or higher-fat natural ingredients to provide balanced energy.High-lipid foods such as fortified cereals, meat-based meals, and snack-type products made up 10% of the dataset. These items provide significant energy, which is especially important for infants between 6 months and 2 years old, as they have increased caloric needs relative to their size. Conclusion:Using AI and machine learning, this analysis revealed that baby foods on the market show clear variations in fat content linked to their main ingredients. Since many foods are high in fat, caregivers may need to make intentional choices to ensure infants receive adequate energy. These findings offer valuable reference points for parents, pediatric nutrition advice, and future regulatory decisions.
Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the oldest medicinal plants that has received great attention throughout ancient and modern history. It has been used for the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of ailments, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic and microbial infections. Although garlic shows potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer and other diseases, little is known about its therapeutic mechanisms of action. Here, we hypothesized that Garlic Extract (GE) induces cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest in Human Leukemia (HL-60) cells through oxidative stress. To test our hypothesis, HL-60 cells were treated with different concentrations (2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, and 6 mg/mL) of GE for 24 hours. Cell viability and cell morphology were analyzed by MTT, trypan blue, and Acridine Orange and Propidium Iodide (AO/PI) assays, respectively. The extent of oxidative stress was measured by the lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase assays. The degree of DNA damage was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis. Cell cycle arrest was assessed by the Cellometer Vision. Data obtained from the MTT assay, trypan blue dye, and AO/PI dye assessment indicated that GE significantly reduced the number of live cells in a concentration-dependent manner, showing a gradual increase in the loss of viability in GE-treated cells. MTT assay results also revealed that GE inhibits the viability of HL-60 cells, resulting in an IC50 of 4.72 mg/mL. Tests for oxidative stress indicated significant increases (p<0.05) in the production of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of glutathione peroxidase in GE-treated cells compared to the control group. Data obtained from the comet assay indicated that GE causes DNA damage in HL-60 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. GE treatment modulated cell cycle progression in HL-60 cells, leading to an arrest at the G2/M phase. In summary, our current investigation underscores that GE effectively curbs cell proliferation, induces DNA damage, and enforces cell cycle arrest of HL-60 cells, with these primary effects associated with oxidative stress. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential therapeutic role of GE in combating acute promyelocytic leukemia and other health challenges.
Introduction:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a profound impact globally, causing the death of millions of people and deeply affecting socio-psychological, human health, and economic systems, with some nations bearing a disproportionate burden. Despite obesity having been established as one of the major risk factors of COVID-19 severity and other degenerative diseases, the effects that dietary pattern intake plays in COVID-19 outcomes remain poorly understood. The goal of this study is to look into the connection between eating habits, the number of non-obese and obese people, and COVID-19 outcomes in countries with populations exhibiting normal Body Mass Index (BMI), which is an indicator of obesity. Methods:The analysis includes data from 170 countries. From the 170 countries, we focused on 53 nations where the average, BMI falls within the normal range (18.5 to 24.9). A subset of 20 nations was selected for a more detailed examination, comprising 10 nations with the lowest BMI values within the normal range (18.5-19.8) and 10 nations with the highest BMI values within the normal range (23.5-24.9). We used Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) applications to evaluate key metrics, including dietary patterns (sugar and vegetable intake), obesity prevalence, incidence rate, mortality rate, and Case Fatality Rate (CFR). Results:The results demonstrate a significant correlation between higher obesity prevalence and increased COVID-19 severity, evidenced by elevated incidence, mortality, and CFRs in countries like North Macedonia and Italy. In contrast, nations such as Iceland and New Zealand with well-established healthcare systems revealed low mortality rate and case fatality rate despite variations in dietary habits. The study also revealed that vegetable consumption appears to provide a slight to significant protective effects, suggesting that dietary patters alone do not consistently predict COVID-19 Outcomes. Conclusion:Data generated from this study showed the crucial role of healthcare infrastructure along with the testing capacity and data reporting in influencing the success of pandemic responses. It also highlights the need of integrating public health strategies, which focus on obesity management and improvement of healthcare preparedness. In addition, AI-driven predictive modeling offers valuable insights that may guide pandemic response efforts in the future, thereby enhancing global health crisis management and mitigating the impact of future health emergencies.
Usipa (Engraulicypris sardella) has been classified as social important species from Lake Malawi but not economically important and has thus improved food and nutrition security and livelihoods of the local communities. A study was carried to analyse the value chain of Usipa (Engraulicypris sardella) of Lake Malawi for improving economic, social and environment performance and sustainable management of natural resources. The study objectives were: to map out Usipa value chain actors and to measure performance of Usipa (Engraulicypris sardella) value chain of Lake Malawi. The study was conducted at Mwawa beach, M’baluku, Mwawa and Mangochi markets in Mangochi district. The study adopted design for all of the objectives as research was in the form of a survey. The type of sampling was simple random sampling and sample size was 39. Data was collected by conducting interviews with fishers, wholesalers and retailers through questionnaires. Four actors were identified through mapping out value chain. On gross income fishers get USD 23.04, whole salers get USD 36.64 and retailers get USD 17.66. Gross margin fishers get 21.55%, wholesalers get 33.68% and retailer gets 44.90%. In value added fishers USD 4.28, wholesalers USD 3.38 and retailers USD 5.53. In terms of value share fishers get 32.44%, wholesalers 25.64% and retailers 41.92%. Fishers and retailers were dominated with males while wholesalers were dominated with females. Wholesalers and retailers of Usipa had high level of education while fishers had low level of education. Fishers and wholesalers highly dependence on forestry product compared to retailers. Usipa (Engraulicypris sardella) value chain on short run is profitable, social unbalance and does not promote green sustainability, sanitation and hygiene. DoF and stakeholders should participate in sustainable management of natural resources, implementation of solar tent dryer and enhanced marketing facility for fresh fish and promotes women entrepreneurship for improving Usipa (Engraulicypris sardella) value chain.
Background: Researchers had shown that essential phospholipids and virgin coconut oil are the very effective agents used for the treatment of several liver disorders. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the ameliorating effect of Phoscoliv (PL), a novel formulation using the combination of essential phospholipids enriched with virgin coconut oil. Methods: In the study, adult wistar rats were grouped into three as Normal (N), Ethanol Treated (ET) (12.5 g/ kg body weight of 90% [v/v]) and ET+ PL (0.5 mL/100g body weight) for 30 days. Chronic administration of ethanol induced severe damage to the liver which leads to the imbalance of normal cellular and metabolic activities. It was determined by evaluating the antioxidant status, liver marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation product, pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathological analysis. Results: Results revealed that the supplementation of PL enhance the antioxidants thereby reduced the oxidative stress associated liver damages by inhibiting lipid peroxidation product, pro-inflammatory cytokines release and leakage of liver marker enzymes. Thereby, improve the regeneration capacity of hepatic cells and maintain its normal functioning. Conclusion: Hence, PL exhibited its potent hepatoprotective activity as well as antioxidant effect against alcohol induced liver toxicity.
Curcumagalactomannosides (CGM) is a novel bio-available formulation. This formulation was made from curcumin (CM) and it comprises with fenugreek derived dietary fibre composed of galactose and mannose units. In the current study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of CGM was compared with CM on carrageenaninduced acute model. The result indicated that the CGM showed the minimal dose with potent inhibitory effect than CM. CGM at 100 mg/kg bwt was found to be potent dose from carrageenan model. From the above data, we evaluated its anti-arthritic effect in adjuvant induced chronic arthritic model. Adult male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Normal control rats (NC); Adjuvant induced arthritic control rats (AA); AA+ CGM supplemented (100mg/kg bwt); AA+ indomethacin administrated (IND 3 mg/kg bwt) for 30 days. The activities of inflammatory markers, antioxidant enzymes, histopathology and radiology of rat paw tissue were analyzed. The result indicated that there was a significant increment in the levels of antioxidant enzymes on CGM supplementation. The up-regulated gene level expressions of inflammatory markers were down regulated by supplementation of CGM. Supplementation of CGM to arthritic rats significantly improved the histological findings in paw as evident by reduced the massive influx of polymorphonuclear cells infiltration and also CGM protects against excess soft tissue volume, degenerative joint changes, sub-chondral erosion and joint space narrowing by radiological analysis. This current study shows that novel bio-available formulation of curcumin as CGM has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity in experimental arthritic model.
Exploration on lactic corrosive microorganisms has affirmed how explicit strains have probiotic properties and give remarkable tangible attributes to food items. The utilization of probiotic lactic corrosive microscopic organisms in numerous food items, subsequently gives different medical advantages to people when they are often burned-through in sufficient sums. The approach of practical food or the idea of nutraceuticals unbiasedly puts more accentuation on looking for choices to restrict the utilization of meds in this way advancing the standard utilization of matured food varieties.
Amoche (Arisaema schimperianum Schott) is herbaceous tuber crop that belongs to the family Araceae and sub family Aroideae. They provide important plant foods for many indigenous people of the tropics and subtropics. However, some -members of this family are poisonous containing alkaloids and other toxins. High content of oxalate in foods, which bind the essential minerals like calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. It also forms needle like raphides of calcium oxalate crystals, that responds the food to acridity, irritation, inflammation and burning sensation followed by swelling of hands, mouth, lips and throat irritation as major causes for the health related problems. Oxalate content of amoche as influenced by different processing were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The mineral contents were also determined by Atomic Absorpition Spectrophotometre. The different processing treatments were combinations of three levels of fresh, boiliing, drying and three levels of soaking in ginger juice, lemon juice and ethanol and neither heating nor boiling (control). Different processing treatment were significantly (p<0.05) influenced the oxalate and mineral contents of amoche. The oxalate contents in fresh amoche was observed as major hindrance for safe consumption. Generally there was a reduction of oxalate from 970.92-268 mg/100 g for boiled amoche after soaked in lemon juice, which showed 72.39% reduction. However, there was slight reduction of minerals content in all treatments than control. Boiling amoche after soaking in low pH can reduce the level of oxalate content. Amoche daily consumption level should not exceed (50 to 100 mg/100 g/ 2500 Kcal/day). Considering these consumption can be worked out 268 mg/100 g of boiled amoche after soaked in lemon juice
In Ethiopia, particularly in the Benishangul-Gumuz region, there are several underutilized plants like Figl (Raphanus sativus), Girgir (Eruca sativa) and Karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa) which are cultivated and consumed only by the local communities. However, information on nutrient, anti-nutrient contents and mineral bioavailability of edible parts of these plants are limited. Given this, leaves and roots of Figl, leaves of Girgir, calyces and seeds of Karkade were evaluated for their proximate, mineral and anti-nutrient contents following the standard analytical methods. The result on dry matter basis revealed that protein contents (26.32 g/100 g) were high for brown seeds of Karkade, dried leaves of Figl (26.71 g/100 g) and Girgir (24.23 g/100 g). The fat and energy contents were high for seeds of Karkade (15.58-18.00 g/100 g; 371.64-376.69 kcal/100 g). The fiber content was high for dried leaves of Figl (28.39 g/100 g) and low for calyces of Karkade (15.33-16.54 g/100 g). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in terms of mineral contents. The dried leaves of Figl were high in calcium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus contents while dried leaves of Girgir were high in iron and zinc contents. With exception of oxalate content, seeds of Karkade were low in tannin, phytate and alkaloid. The phytate: mineral ratio analysis showed the bioavailability of iron is likely to be inhibited from roots of Figl and calyces of Karkade; zinc bioavailability from calyces of Karkade which suggests processing for phytate reduction is important. The result showed the seeds of Karkade are good sources of protein, fat and energy with low antinutritional contents that may favor mineral bioavailability with potential for utilization in baby food formulations to alleviate protein energy malnutrition. The leaves of Figl and Girgir can also be exploited in different food formulations to improve macro and micronutrient deficiency.
Undernutrition remains a barrier to achieving the sustainable development goals in most developing countries. The United Nations identified that, the right mix of policies and actions that addresses the numerous, interrelated causes of hunger and undernutrition will be able to achieve Zero Hunger thereby ending hunger and undernutrition . In Ghana, 11% of all children under the age of 5years are underweight. Nutrition programs are traditionally funded through the government of Ghana budgetary allocations, to pay salaries and for the supply of logistics, and training. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of human resource capacity and budgetary expenditure on nutrition program outcomes for children under five years using in-depth interviews, anthropometric data on age and weight and data on nutrition human resource and expenditure in three regions from 2014 to 2017 in Ghana. The paper finds using linear mixed effects modeling that human and financial resources are not significant predictors of underweight besides, there are externalities in the implementation of nutrition programs for children under 5years due to poor targeting and information asymmetries, resulting in excludability in consumption of nutrition services, therefore nutrition programs may not be well-coordinated, and implemented pointing to government failure. Mother support groups contributed in reducing undernutrition in children under 5years through the cultivation and consumption of nutrition-sensitive agriculture value chain products .
Introduction. The metabolic syndrome (MS) has been related to the unbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; where adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is considered to play a key metabolic role. The consumption of certain micronutrients has been claimed to modify pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Aim. To explore whether dietary micronutrients are related with plasma adiponectin in patients with MS. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis. Quartiles of dietary bioactive compounds were compared according to values of plasma adiponectin. Interquartile variation (IQV) and correlation analyses were performed. Results. There was a significant IQV of dietary unsaturated fatty acids (between -50% to -66% of change, p25 vs p75, p<0.05), particularly for trans-fatty acids, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids and w-6 fatty acids, in relation to plasma adiponectin; as well as a negative correlation (rho= -0.53, -0.37, -0.29 and -0.34, respectively; p<0.05). Conclusion . Dietary amounts of unsaturated fatty acids inversely related to plasma adiponectin in patients with MS.
By 2050, the world’s population will reach almost 10 billion. Demand for high protein products is increasing while the negative impact from food production devastates our planet. We desperately need new ways to feed the next billion humans.
Children's malnutrition is a major health concern in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Appropriate practices of infant and young child feeding practices including complementary feeding are critically important to improve this problem according to a recommendation by the World health organization. This study aimed to assess complementary feeding practices among mothers and caregivers of children aged 6-23 months in the Meta Robi district.
Food adulteration is a global concern and developing countries are at higher risk associated with it due to lack of monitoring and policies. However, this is one of the most common phenomena that have been overlooked in many countries. Honey is a wholesome nutritious and medicinal bee product and is consumed by a majority of the population world. The high price of the natural honey encourages workers in the honey industry, including beekeepers and merchants to adulterate honey either directly or indirectly with look-alike and low quality substance worldwide, which leads to deterioration of honey quality, but increase honey quantity that is sold at the same price of natural authentic honey. Various instances of adulteration of honey have been reported globally, where in, the most common substances usually added to honey as adulterants are as sugar, ripened banana, water, molasses, sugar syrup, maize and/or wheat flour syrup, and sweet potato flour/syrup in Ethiopia. Hence adulteration of honey often takes place alter physicochemical nutritional and rheology of honey, resulting in reduction in its nutritive and medicinal value, several methods have been employed over the last few decades for unambiguous discrimination of adulterant and accurate quantification of the adulterants. Nowadays honey is being adulterated in more sophisticated ways that demands for cutting edge research for the detection of the adulterants. This review intends to contribute towards the common knowledge base regarding possible honey adulterants and their detection techniques trends associated with honey from Ethiopia.
Background: Ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT) using ketogenic diets (KD) is emerging as viable alternative or complementary strategy for managing cancer; however, few clinical trials have been re-ported. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a KD in patients with locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 80 patients undergoing treatment with chemotherapy were randomly assigned to KD or control group for 12 weeks. Concurrent with the admission, midway point, and at 12 weeks, fasting blood samples were collected for evaluation of insulin, IGF-1, CEA, CA15-3, ESR, CRP, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. Sonography for patients with locally advanced disease and CT or MRI scans for patients with metastatic disease were done on admission and at 12 weeks. At the completion of the chemotherapy, patients with locally advanced disease underwent surgery and stage was recalculated. Also patients with metastases were evaluated for response rate. Results: TNF-alpha decreased significantly after 12 weeks of treatment (MD: 0.64 [CI 95%: -3.7, 5] P < 0.001), while IL-10 increased (MD: 0.95 [CI 95%: -1, 3] P < 0.001) in the intervention compared to the control group. Patients in the KD group had lower adjusted serum insulin compared to the control group (MD: -1.1 [CI 95%: -3, 1] p < 0.002). KD lead to a reduction in tumor size in the KD compared to the control (27 vs 6 mm, P = 0.01). Stage decreased significantly in patients with locally advanced disease in the KD group after 12 weeks (P < 0.01). No significant differences in response rate were observed in patients with metastatic disease. Conclusions: KMT in breast cancer patients might exert beneficial effects through decreasing TNF-a and insulin and increasing IL-10. KD may result in a better response through reductions in tumor size and downstaging in patients with locally advanced disease; however, more studies are needed to elucidate the potential beneficial effects of KD in patients with metastases. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
Objective: Iron deficiency (ID) remains a global nutrition problem resulting in a prevalence rate of 30%-60% anemia in young children of low income countries. Low cost iron supplements are efficient for prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The present study aimed to evaluate iron supplementation in children under the age of five in Afghanistan. Methods: This study is a part of the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AfDHS) implemented by the Central Statistics Organization (CSO) and the Ministry of Public Health. AfDHS followed a stratified two stage sampling design for 34 provinces of Afghanistan. In the first stage, 950 clusters selected, and in the second stage, a fixed number of 27 households per cluster including 25,741 households selected for the study, of which 24,395 successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 98%. Results: About 30% of the children under age of two years old in Afghanistan consumed iron rich foods in the 24 hours before the interview. Non breastfeeding children were more likely to consume foods rich in iron comparing breastfeeding children. Only 6% of children 6-59 months received iron supplements in the seven days prior to the survey. Higher education of mother and better economic status related to more intakes of iron rich foods and iron supplements in children. Iron intake from food or supplements was higher in urban districts comparing rural areas. Conclusion: Although IDA is very common in developing countries like Afghanistan, the importance of iron supplementation is still neglected. Health policy makers should keep focusing on iron malnutrition and improve parents’ knowledge on choosing iron rich foods and iron supplementation.
Having a balanced diet has become a necessity for many people, nowadays. An ideal balanced diet is the one which contains all the major food groups including adequate protein, carbohydrates, high quality fats, vitamins and minerals. Healthy dietary habits are the pillars of good and nutritious lifestyle. Likewise, there are the ideal dietary requirements for persons going to gym or who are involved in sports. Going to gym has been trending among people, especially youth, since few years. Their specific dietary guidelines are classified on the basis of an individual’s age group, gender, type of workout and the desired outcome. Beverages composed of electrolytes play a vital role in their diet. Combination of nutritious foods and gym/exercise can make a person; live a healthy and better life.
The main purpose of this research for treating the thyroid patients by the help of the combination of the carrot and amla. I choose this two combination because both are good in antioxidant it is also called they are rich in the antioxidant properties that can help to treating the thyroid patients. We also check the pH of the both carrot and amla that discrible that the carrot and amla are good for the health. We also used XRD for our food product to see there crystalliation sample. In this research about the presences of the micro-organisms that present in the food and that spoil the food. The purpose of this research is to see the present of the antioxidant in the carrot and amla is treating the thyroid disease by there present of the nutritive. The carrot and amla are using in the treating the thyroid patients. We also do the TSS of both carrot and amla.
