The effects of Cu~(2+)stress on the growth and quality in Italian ryegrass were studied with pot experiment.The results indicated that growth of Italian ryegrass was sensitive to Cu~(2+).The plant height,tiller number and dry weight decreased rapidly with Cu~(2+)concentration increasing,and the growth was inhibited significantly.Cu~(2+)accumulation in plant increased gradually,and the distribution of Cu~(2+) in different organs was obviously different.The content of Cu~(2+)in rootsstemsleaves.When Cu~(2+)concentration at50mg/L level,the crude protein(CP)content of the above ground parts(AGP)increased with Cu~(2+)concentration increasing,but at 50mg/L level,the forage quality decreased rapidly.In addition,Cu~(2+)concentration at 15mg/L level,the CP yields of AGP per plant was similar to the control,but at 30mg/L level,it decreased sharply to 42.2% of the control.The results suggested that Italian ryegrass may be cultivated on the polluted soil,in which Cu~(2+)concentration is lower than 30 mg/L.
40 wild Hemarthria compressa populations was collected from southwest China,habitat characteristic and morphologic variance law were studied.The result showed:Wild Hemarthria compressa resources in southwest China is rich,distribut from altitude 40 to 1650m and adapt different soil such as clay,loam, sand etc.There are great morphologic variation among the different populations.The coefficient of variation of plant hight ranks first,as high as 46.73%,followed by leaf length,leaf width,node thickness,internode thickness and absolute height.The leaf colour can be divided into 3 types,including green,yellow-green,grey-green.72% materials can tassel and blossom.The 40 Hemarthria compressa materials could be divided into 3 morphologic types:thickset-low type,high-horrent type,fine-low type by means of clustering analyse.
过去对草原价值的认识仅仅局限在家畜的饲草饲料功能上,近几年人们逐步认识到其生态功能,但都未从多重理论的高度全面、深刻的挖掘其内在价值,这是导致滥垦、过牧、草原生态经济系统退化的重要原因之一.为此,从多重理论视角如从自然资源稀缺、外部性、生物多样性、土地伦理、草原文化等方面对草原生态经济系统价值进行了初步探讨.
40 wild Hemarthria compressa populations was collected from southwet China, habitat characteristic and morphologic variance lw were studied. The result showed: wild hemarthria compressa resources in southwest China is rich, distribut from alitude 40 to 1650m and adapt different soil such as clay, loam, sand etc. There are great morphologic variation among the differetn populations. The coefficient of variation of palnt high ranks first, as high as 46.73%, followed by leaf length, leaf width, node thickness, internode thickness and absolute height. The leaf colour can be divided into 3 types, including green, yellow-green, grey-green 72% materials can tassed and blossome. The 40 Hemarthria compressa materials couldbe divided into 3 morphologic types; thickset-low type, high-horrent type fine-low type by means of clustering analyse.
野牛草是一种抗逆性强、管理粗放的草坪植物,非常适合我国一些缺水城市水土保持和园林绿化的需要,但也存在绿期较短、颜色较浅、雄株坪用景观不好等缺点.近年来,通过对野牛草种质资源进行鉴定和评价,从中选择了大量优良的种质材料,使其坪用缺点逐步改善,并利用有性杂交和生物技术等育种手段培育出了许多优良坪用品种.
The nitrogen fixation ability of root nodule is investigated at different development stage of Caragana microphylla Lam. and at different age of tree. The results were as follows: during plant development, the peak values of nitrogenase activity appeared in blooming stage. At this moment, nodule fresh weight was the most, plant N and soil N were the highest. And it is obviously higher than other stages; the peak values of plant biomass appeared in Fruit Bearing Stage; The nitrogen fixing ability of root nodule of biennial plant and 5-yr-old plant were stronger than triennial plant and 4-yr-old plant. Plant biomass had a trend to increase with growing age, but plant N had a little decreasing trend.
The present situation of grassland ecology in China was introduced and the cause and harmfulness of grassland desertification of China were analyzed. Some protecting strategies of grassland ecology including directive ideologies , developing aims ,technology lines ,actions of government ,protection ,science and technology were put forword.The overall strategical arrangement of protecting and managing grassland ecology was raised.
The result of grazing trial for yaks in two-year mixed sown pasture with perennial grasses (Elymus natans + Puccinellia tenuflora) in the Changjiang and Yellow River source region showed: with the increase of stocking rate, aboveground net primary productivity of the total and different functional groups was in the changing trend of curve with single peak, i.e.S-shaped curve,during growing period; aboveground net primary productivity of the total and Elymus natans was most sensitive to the change of stocking rates, and the date when peak values appear was brought forward with the increased stocking rate, and sedges and weeds followed them, and then grasses and Puccinellia tenuflora was not sensitive to the changing of stocking rates. Furthermore, the peak values of total standing crops and aboveground net primary productivity decreased and the date when peak values appear were brought forward with the increased stocking rates. Within grazing period, RYT values of heavy grazing were below 1, which indicated that the growth of Elymus natans and Puccinellia tenuflora had been competing under heavy grazing, and in mid-and late growth period, the growth of two grasses for every treatment including CK has been also in competition. Moreover, the competition ratio of Elymus natans was larger than that of Puccinellia tenuflora in the whole grazing period, which showed that Elymus natans dominated in the competition because of its flourishing and deeper root.
The effect of different dosage of ~(60)C_O-γ rays irradiation on perennial ryegrass Accent seeds germination was studied,and the POD isozymes of plants were analysed.The results showed that the ~(60)C_O-γ rays irradiation could inhibit the seed germination,and the higher dosage,the stronger inhibition.The analysis of POD isozymes showed that the ~(60)C_O-γ rays irradiation had caused the plants POD isozymes changes,and the characteristic of POD isozymes were different with the change of ~(60)Co-γ rays irradiation dosage.
The germination characteristics of 17 forage species seeds stored in ordinary storehouse for different time were studied through general methods.The results showed that grass species could break dormancy in 2 month and did not stand storage.Only Achmathenm beauv had germination ability after stored for 5 years.Leguminous species seeds had a long dormancy time and could stand storage.Most of Leguminous species seeds had germination ability after 10_year storage.The germination percentage of other seeds had not relative change regularity.
The study on the effects of Boron(B),Molybdenum(Mo) and Zinc(Zn)on Yield and Crude Protein(CP) content of Alfalfa was done using A split,spilt block field design.The results showed that the dry matter(DM)yields of alfalfa increased significantly(p0.05)with the application of combined B, Mo and Zn fertilizer,the DM yields of alfalfa gained more than 17.7t/hm~2,and increased by 21.3% compared with control in interaction of B(1.0kg/hm~2),Mo(100g/hm~2) and Zn(3.0kg/hm~2)fertilizers.Furthermore,the DM yields of alfalfa would increase significantly(p0.05)with only B(1.0kg/hm~2), Mo(100g/hm~2)or Zn(1.5kg/hm~2)fertilizer application too.Interactions of B and Mo could not change CP content of Alfalfa significantly,but interactions of B(1.0kg/hm~2) and Zn(3.0kg/hm~2) could increase CP content of Alfalfa significantly.Interaction of Mo and Zn might decrease CP content of Alfalfa significantly without B fertilizer application.The CP content would be reduced with only Zn fertilizer application.
The effect of Formic acid (FA), Previously fermented juice (PFJ), Formic acid+glucose (FA+G) and PFJ+FA on alfalfa silage was studied. Results showed that pH and ADF content of alfalfa silage was significantly declined with all the additives, and coarse protein content (CP) increased. It suggested that all the additives can improve the quality of alfalfa silage, and the treatments of FA+G (5.5ml/kg FA+1.0g/kg G) and PFJ+FA(2.5ml/kg PFJ+5.5 ml/kg FA, 5.0 ml/kg PFJ+5.5 ml/kg)had better effect on improving silage quality than other treatments.
对地处内蒙古农牧交错带的林西县饲草资源进行了营养成份分析及饲用价值评价,结果表明:苜蓿粗蛋白质含量高于灌木类及青贮玉米,其营养动态变化规律是随生育期的变化粗蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,粗纤维含量呈上升趋势,各种成份在茎叶中的含量也随生育期变化而变化;灌木类饲用植物粗蛋白质含量15.69%～18.48%,青贮玉米粗蛋白质含量7.64%～11.15%.
对在室温下贮藏不同时间的17个牧草品种,用常规发芽方法进行了萌发及休眠特性的测定.结果表明:禾本科牧草种子在2个月内基本解除休眠,但不耐贮藏,贮藏5年具有发芽能力的种子只有羽茅;豆科牧草种子休眠期比禾本科长,且耐贮藏,贮藏10年的种子多数仍具有一定发芽能力;其它科种子发芽率随贮藏时间的不同没有相应变化规律.
Elytria intermedium,the third gene pool for wheat,carries fruitfully valuable genes for wheat genetic improvement.The chromosome configuration of Elytria intermedium and its resources were reviewed,the genome configuration formula of Elytria intermedium was E_1E_1E_2E_2XX(S_tS_t)=E~eE~eE~bE~bS_tS_t.And transference of resistant genes of barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV),rust,powder,wheat streak mosaic virus(WSMV)and luxuriant gene in Elytrigia intermedium into wheat were discussed.
The experiment was carried out with a single-factor trail on fertilizer amount(urea,with 46% effective nitrogen),to study the effect of fertilizer application amount on the grass yield of alpine pasture.The result showed that nitrogen fertilizer may significantly increase two year's yield.The total aboveground biomass mostly increased 19.22 kg from each kg urea with applied amount of(150 kg/hm~2) urea,while aboveground biomass of grasses mostly increased yield 17.48 kg/kg urea with 225 kg/hm~2 applied amount.Considering the total coverage,the total aboveground biomass,species biomass and coverage of fine herbage of alpine grassland,the best manure amount for natural alpine meadow is 150 kg/hm~2,which can increase the total fresh aboveground biomass 2 883 kg/hm~2 or 1 770 kg/hm~2 fresh grasses yield.
Vegetation conditions of whole yearly grazing-banned grasslands in Balinyou Banner of Inner Mongolia were monitored.Primary productivity and vegetation composition on grassland of various types were measured in the previous two years just before the banning,at the year of banning and at the 4th year after the banning.The results showed that banning grazing had significant effects on grassland in terms of increasing primary productivity and changing vegetation composition.Herbage yield in the grazing banned grassland had doubled after banning grazing.Percentages of grasses and legumes in the vegetation obviously increased.
The experiments of fertilizer application were conducted with Psathyrostachys juncea to study the changes of seed yield and yield components in the seed production in the tableland, Hebei. Seed yield of Psathyrostachys juncea was improved significantly by fertilizer. The maximum seed yield was 265.1 kg/hm~2 at application of 45 kgP_2O_5/hm~2+45 kgN/hm~2 in autumn and 90 kgN/hm~2 in spring. Fertile tillers developing from short vegetative shoots before fruit last year were the most important in all the yield components. Short vegetative shoots before fruit increased by applying N in autumn and spring so that fertile tillers next year increased. In the same amount of N application, there were no significant difference in spikelet number/fertile tiller, floret number/spikelet,seed number/spikelet and thousand- seed weight between N application in autumn and spring and that only in spring.
The experiment was carried out to study the relation between growth rate of annual ryegrass and triticale and meteorologic factor.The results showed that the relation index of high temperature and solar radiation with both grass's growth rate was the highest,0.96,0.95 and 0.89,0.79 respectively.The growth rate and yield of triticale were decreased with the increase of cutting times.
The relationship between the genetic characteristics and breeding process of alfalfa,the common breeding methods and the advances in breeding techniques in China were stated,and the main problems with alfalfa breeding were also discussed.The purpose of this paper is to provide the foundation for alfalfa breeding further.
