Purpose. The morphological characteristics, physiological properties, leaves, yield and quality characteristics of threeyearold energy biomass from six foreignbred varieties of basket willow, grown on leached chernozems, were compared in order to select the most promising varieties for establishing energy plantations in the RightBank ForestSteppe region. Methods. The morphological and physiological characteristics of the leaves, as well as the quality parameters, of threeyearold energy biomass from several foreign willow varieties (including ‘Wilhelm,’ ‘Inger,’ and ‘Tordis’ from Sweden and ‘082,’ ‘1047,’ and ‘1057’ from Poland) were studied using traditional methods employed in plant cultivation and agronomy, including field, laboratory, analytical, and statistical techniques. Results. The studies conducted indicate significant variability in the morphometric parameters of the leaves of the varieties under study. In particular, the ‘1057’ variety (from Poland) exhibited the largest leaf blade dimensions, as well as the highest efficiency in utilising photosynthetically active solar radiation (60%). Plants of the ‘Inger’ variety had the highest average leaf mass, while those of the ‘082’ (‘WarmMaz’) variety had the lowest. Significant differences were found between varieties for many of the examined morphological and physiological parameters, indicating varying levels of adaptability and productivity. Chemical analysis of the threeyearold biomass of the studied varieties revealed high levels of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This confirms their suitability for energy use. Among the cultivars examined, the highest cellulose content was observed in ‘082,’ while the biomass of ‘Wilhelm’ was characterized by low ash content, which is an advantage for its use as a solid fuel. Plants of the ‘Inger’ variety were distinguished by elevated lignin and ash content, which may increase their calorific value but at the same time complicate the use of the biomass. The mineral composition of the biomass showed relatively low variability among varieties in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, and sulfur levels. However, certain differences of practical significance were identified. For example, the lower concentrations of chlorine and sulfur in plants of the ‘1057’ and ‘1047’ varieties reduce the risk of equipment corrosion and the formation of harmful emissions during combustion. At the same time, the higher content of most elements in the ‘Inger’ variety may affect the environmental aspects of biomass use. Conclusions. Almost all of the varieties studied show promise for cultivation as energy crops in Ukraine. However, their effectiveness depends on various factors, such as productivity levels, biomass quality and environmental characteristics. Of the varieties studied, ‘1057’ (‘Marzencinski’) is one of the most promising for establishing energy plantations as it combines high productivity with favourable physiological and biochemical characteristics.
Purpose. To determine the impact of various organic fertilisation systems on the yield of crops in a short-rotation crop rotation system and on the economic and energy efficiency of their cultivation in the subzone of variable moisture conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. The study was conducted between 2023 and 2025 in the subzone of unstable moisture conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, on typical low-humus chernozem at the Panfilov Research Station of the National Research Center “IA NAAS”, (Kyiv region). The following methods were used: field methods (determining the interaction of the study objects with natural and agronomic factors), laboratory (determination of the content of major nutrients in soil and plants), computational and comparative (assessment of the economic efficiency of growing agricultural crops in a short-rotation crop rotation under different organic fertilisation systems), statistical and mathematical (conducting analysis of variance) and statistical processing of the results obtained. Results. Results from a stationary field trial indicate that organic fertilisation systems significantly impact the yield and productivity of crops in a short-rotation organic crop rotation involving soya, spring wheat and buckwheat. The greatest effect was achieved by using a combination of by-products from the previous crop, green manure and biofertiliser. Using this fertilisation system resulted in yields of 1.84 t/ha for the ‘Muza’ soybean variety, 3.83 t/ha for the ‘Rannia’93 spring wheat variety and 1.70 t/ha for the ‘Syn 3/02’ buckwheat variety. These figures exceeded those of the control by 29%, 33% and 31%, respectively. The highest crop rotation productivity was also recorded with the integrated fertilisation system. The yield of forage units ranged from 2.54 to 4.68 t/ha, grain units from 2.38 to 3.83 t/ha and digestible protein units from 0.19 to 0.53 t/ha depending on the crop. An economic assessment showed an increase in notional net profit to 40.4 thousand UAH/ha, as well as a rise in the energy efficiency ratio to 3.42. Conclusions. The complex use of by-products of the predecessor crop used in crop rotation, green manure crops and biofertilizers is the most effective fertilization system for short-rotation organic crop rotation in conditions of unstable moisture in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. Such a system ensures an increase in crop yield, arable land productivity, economic and energy efficiency of production.
Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of a plant growth regulator on hydrangea seed germination. Methods. The study was conducted from 2020 to 2024 at Uman National University of Horticulture and the National Dendrological Park “Sofiivka” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, involving three hydrangea cultivars: Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Nikko Blue’, H. paniculata ‘Grandiflora’, and H. arborescens ‘Annabelle’. The experimental design included treating the seeds with the universal growth regulator “Nasinnia”. Results. It was found that among the hydrangea varieties studied, the seeds of H. macrophylla ‘Nikko Blue’ and H. arborescens ‘Annabelle’ exhibited the highest germination rates; in the control group (without growth regulator treatment), these values ranged from 81.2–83.8% and 82.6–84.2%, respectively. Germination of H. paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ remained the lowest, at 63.0% and 69.4% before and after treatment, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the ‘hydrangea varieties’ factor had the greatest influence, accounting for 92.17%, whereas the ‘seed treatment’ factor had a considerably lower effect, at 7.17%. Conclusions. Seeds treated with a plant growth regulator showed a statistically significant increase in laboratory germination compared to the control group. On average, over the course of the study, pre-sowing treatment with the growth regulator increased seed germination by between 4.8% and 6.4%, depending on the hydrangea variety. The highest germination rate was observed in H. arborescens ‘Annabelle’, while the lowest rate was recorded in H. paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ in both experimental variants.
Purpose. To evaluate the ornamental and biological characteristics, as well as the seed production, of local wild species and cultivars of the Festuca genus; and to identify the most promising species and plant forms for creating highly ornamental and adaptive lawns that are resourceefficient for various functional purposes. Methods. The study was conducted from 2021 to 2023 in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe region of Ukraine, focusing on grey podzolic soils. The subjects of the study were the local wild species Festuca pallens, F. heterophylla, F. glauca and F. curvula, as well as the cultivars F. valesiaca ‘Ateia’ and F. pseudovina ‘Inhela’, and the standard cultivar F. rubra ‘Yanka’. A comprehensive assessment of ornamental value, biological characteristics and seed yield was conducted in accordance with a methodology previously developed and approved by the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination. This methodology used the NTEP (National Turfgrass Evaluation Program) system (9point scale). The following parameters were determined: duration of the ‘sowing to emergence’ period; shoot formation intensity; ornamental value during different growing seasons; leaf colour and fineness; and seed yield. Results. Significant interspecific differences were observed across the set of studied parameters. Plants of the varieties F. valesiaca ‘Ateia’ and F. pseudovina ‘Inhela’ demonstrated the highest ornamental value throughout the growing season (8 points), retaining their intense green colour during the summer and exhibiting high drought tolerance. These same specimens were noted for their superior ability to produce shoots (up to 115–117 per m2; 8 points), ensuring the formation of dense, highly ornamental turf. The narrowest leaves were found in representatives of the species F. valesiaca, F. curvula and F. pseudovina, enhancing their ornamental value. In terms of seed productivity, the best results were obtained for F. pseudovina plants, with an average seed yield of 1.04 t/ha and minimal productivity loss during dry years (3.8%). Plants of F. curvula also exhibited high stability in terms of seed yield, with an average yield of 0.82 t/ha. The other species studied had lower ornamental value or were inferior in terms of seed yield stability. Conclusions. The plants belonging to the species F. valesiaca and F. pseudovina are the most promising for creating highly ornamental lawns in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe region of Ukraine, based on a combination of ornamental, biological, and valuable agronomic characteristics. They combine high ornamental value with vigorous shoot formation, narrow leaves, persistent green colouring, drought tolerance and high seed production. The other species studied are best suited to creating standard lawns in gardens, parks and meadows, as well as specialised turf cover.
Purpose. To determine how spring barley varieties of different geographical origins respond to changes in day length, and to establish how differences in photoperiodic sensitivity affect the time of heading, 1,000grain weight and grain yield in steppe conditions in the Northern Black Sea region. Methods. The plants were grown in the field and in a vegetation site under natural and artificially shortened day lengths of 10 hours. Phenological observations were carried out and the 1,000grain weight and yield were determined. The study employed variational statistics, correlation analysis and one and twofactor analysis of variance methods. Results. Significant differences were found between spring barley varieties in the duration of the period before heading under conditions of shortened and natural day on the growing site and during spring sowing in the field. A significant difference was also found in the weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. The studied varieties were differentiated into two groups depending on their photoperiodic sensitivity. Namely: mediumsensitive to the photoperiod with a delay in heading under shortened day within 18–21 days and highly sensitive with a delay of 22–29 days. A positive relationship was established between photoperiodic sensitivity and the duration of the period before heading under shortened day and a negative one under natural day. It was found that the timing of heading under natural day length at the experimental site and in field conditions was determined not only by the photoperiod sensitivity level of a particular variety, but also by the action of genetic systems that regulate plant development rates. Under field conditions with natural day lengths, the earlier heading, increased 1,000grain weight and yield observed in highly photoperiodsensitive varieties, compared with moderately sensitive genotypes, are likely to be associated with the influence of earlymaturing genes per se. In most years of the study, such differences between groups of cultivars were statistically significant. Conclusions. The results obtained demonstrate the complex and multifactorial nature of growth rate regulation in spring barley. Average sensitivity to photoperiod does not guarantee earlier maturity or higher yields. Genes from other genetic systems that regulate plant development rates are likely to play an important role in shaping the observed patterns. Under conditions of a long natural day, the effects of these genes may outweigh the influence of photoperiodic sensitivity genes.
Purpose. To evaluate the yield potential of seeds from new varieties of soft winter wheat developed by the Myronivka breeding program under conditions in the central part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, based on embryo morphotypes and taking into account preceding crops, sowing dates, and fertilizer rates. Methods. The study was conducted from 2021/22 to 2023/24 in the experimental fields of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS. It examined how different application rates of nitrogen fertiliser (UAN-32) – 25, 50 and 75 kg/ha of active ingredient (AI) – as well as sowing dates (the first and second decades of October) and preceding crops (sunflower and soybean), affected the formation of embryo types and the yield characteristics of soft winter wheat varieties (‘MIW Assol’, ‘Estafeta Myronivska’ and ‘MIW Dniprianka’). Results. The seeds of the winter soft wheat varieties under study produced six types of embryo. Types I and III were significant in proportion, but type II predominated, accounting for 42–76% depending on variety, preceding crop, sowing date, and nitrogen application rates. These factors significantly impacted yield characteristics. Yields were 3.2% higher when a soybean preceding crop was used, compared to a sunflower one, due to an average 5% higher proportion of seeds with embryo type II. Regarding sowing dates, sowing within the first ten days of October compared to the second ten days resulted in a 3–5% higher proportion of seeds with type II embryos. This contributed to an improvement in yield characteristics. Using the nitrogen fertiliser UAN-32 positively affected the formation of morphologically sound seeds. Increasing the application rate from 25 to 75 kg/ha of active ingredient also increased the proportion of seeds with embryo type II and consequently improved yield characteristics. Conclusions. To produce high-quality seeds with improved yield characteristics, the winter soft wheat varieties under study should be sown within the first ten days of October, after a soybean crop. UAN-32 nitrogen fertiliser should be applied at a rate of 75 kg/ha of active ingredient.
Purpose. To identify the genetic sources of resistance/tolerance to the most common biotic and abiotic stress factors in order to incorporate them into winter barley breeding programs in the Forest-Steppe region of Ukraine. Methods. The study was conducted at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS in 2018/19, 2020/21, 2021/22. The study material consisted of 74 accessions of various origins. Assessments of resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors were carried out under field and laboratory conditions in accordance with standardized methods. GYT biplot analysis was then used to characterize the accessions based on a set of traits and their correlation with yield. Results. As a result of the study, genetic sources of resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses have been identified. In particular, sources of resistance to: powdery mildew – 14 accessions (‘MYR 13/1’, ‘MYR 12-1’, ‘MYR 12-12’ (UKR) and others), spot blotch – 13 accessions (‘MYR 12-13’, ‘MYR 12-11’ (UKR); ‘Novosadski 737’ (SRB) and others), leaf stripe – 17 accessions (‘L122’, ‘MYR 12-14’ (UKR); ‘Augusta’ (DEU) and others), leaf rust – three accessions (‘Merlo’ (FRA); ‘MYR 12-12’ (UKR); ‘Scarpia’ (DEU)), lodging – 15 accessions (‘Novosadski 525’ (SRB); ‘Naomie’ (DEU); ‘Panda’ (FRA) and others). Two accessions (‘Manitum’ (FRA), ‘MYR 12-13’ (UKR)) were characterized as a sources of a very high relative frost tolerance. High relative frost tolerance was found for 13 accessions. Higher than average relative drought tolerance was identified in five accessions (‘MYR 12-13’, ‘MYR 12-12’, ‘MYR 4787’, ‘MYR 4790’, ‘MYR 12-8’ (UKR)). The optimal combination of yield and complex of other traits according to GYT biplot was found in the accession ‘Titus’ (DEU). Also, as the sources of the complex traits we can characterized the accessions ‘Merlo’, ‘Manitum’ (FRA); ‘MYR 12-11’, ‘MYR 12-9’, ‘Snihova koroleva’ (UKR); ‘Novosadski 737’ (SRB); ‘Scarpia’ (DEU). However, ‘Merlo’ (FRA) needs improvement in terms of relative frost tolerance. Conclusions. The identified genetic sources of individual traits and their combinations should be used in breeding programmes for winter barley, as well as spring barley in terms of relative drought tolerance and resistance to pathogens. When selecting sources for hybridization based on their resistance to specific biotic and abiotic factors, it is important to consider the expression levels of the remaining traits and combine them with other components on the basis of complementary traits.
Purpose. To determine the duration of the post-harvest ripening period for seeds depending on the characteristics of new varieties of durum and bread winter wheat varieties. Methods. The study was conducted during 2024–2025 on two varieties of durum winter wheat and seven varieties of bread winter wheat grown after soybeans. Results. After analyzing experimental data on the post-harvest ripening period of seeds, it was established that it is significantly longer for bread winter wheat than for durum winter wheat. During the first three days, the germination rate of winter wheat seeds was very low (0–4%), indicating the grain's physiological state of dormancy immediately after harvesting. This was also observed in bread winter wheat on the fifth and seventh days, with no seeds having germinated by the latter date, whereas in the studied durum winter wheat varieties, this indicator had already reached 56–58% by the fifth day. The dormancy period for most bread winter wheat varieties lasted 40–50 days. The bread winter wheat varieties ‘MIP Feieriia’ and ‘Burshtyn’ had a short dormancy period (by the 30th day, more than 50% of the total seeds had germinated). Varieties of bread wheat can be classified as having a long post-harvest seed maturation period ‘MIP Aurika’, ‘MIP Aelita’, ‘MIP Dovira’, ‘MIP Palianytsia myronivska’, and ‘MIP Stefaniia’. The shortest dormant period, approximately 40 days, was observed in ‘Burshtyn’, while in ‘MIP Aurika’ and ‘MIP Aelita’ it lasted more than 60 days. It was also found that the post-harvest ripening period of seeds in the studied durum winter wheat varieties was significantly shorter than in bread wheat varieties. Thus, by the third day, 2% of the ‘MIP Lakomka’ seeds had germinated, rising to 79% by the fifth day. In the ‘Duniasha’ variety, these figures were 4% and 74%, respectively. Conclusions. The ripening processes of bread wheat and durum wheat seeds exhibit species- and variety-specific characteristics. For most bread winter wheat varieties, the post-harvest ripening period lasted 40–50 days, whereas for durum winter wheat varieties it was approximately 15 days. The shortest dormancy period was observed in the seeds of the durum winter wheat varieties ‘MIP Lakomka’ and ‘Duniasha’, and among bread wheat varieties, in the variety ‘Burshtyn’. For the varieties ‘MIP Aurika’ and ‘MIP Aelita’, it lasted over 60 days. To establish biologically sound harvest dates that will help minimize yield losses and increase the efficiency of seed production, the duration of post-harvest ripening for each variety must be taken into account.
Purpose. To establish and substantiate the key areas of breeding for representatives of the genus Primula L., with the objective of increasing their resistance to xerothermic stress. A comprehensive analysis will also be carried out of the economically valuable decorative traits of new adapted domestic varieties, in the conditions of the Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted between 2010 and 2025, based on the Primula collection fund of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. This collection includes 17 species, two subspecies, 38 varieties, and interspecific hybrids. The introductory and breeding value of the taxa was determined using a set of integral indicators of resistance, decorative stability, and phenological development parameters. Targeted and introgressive hybridisation, individual clonal selection and comparative variety testing methods were employed. Results. The hydrothermal regime is the limiting factor for cultivating Primula species in the region, with summer-autumn drought acting as the critical stressor, even with moderate irrigation. Based on a comprehensive introductory study and analysis of the ecological and biological characteristics of natural biotopes, the primary sources of resistance to regional xerothermic conditions were identified: P. auricula L., P. elatior (L.) Hill, P. veris L., P. veris subsp. macrocalyx (Bunge) Lüdi, P. vulgaris Huds., P. vulgaris subsp. rubra (Sm.) Arcang., and P. woronowii Losinsk. The stages of the breeding process, which are based on generative recombination and the fixation of target traits through vegetative propagation, have been confirmed. The first domestic cultivars that combine complex resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors with high ornamental indices have been presented. Conclusions. It has been proven that the success of Primula cultivation depends on the degree of plant adaptability to xerothermic stress during the summer-autumn period. Within the studied gene pool, representatives of the section Primula exhibit the highest degree of adaptability. The following species with specific adaptive strategies were identified: P. japonica A.Gray, P. rosea Royle, and P. sieboldii E.Morren. Nine first domestic cultivars (‘Viesnianka’, ‘Chumatskyi Shliakh’, ‘Lisova Pisnia’, ‘Vyshyvanka’, ‘Sutinky’, ‘Bilosnizhka’, ‘Mari’, ‘Svitanok’, ‘Yuiusha’) are presented. Combining high aesthetic qualities with enhanced adaptive stability, these cultivars can be recommended for expanding the assortment of early-flowering plants in various types of landscape compositions in urban environments.
Мета. Встановити та обґрунтувати ключові напрями селекції представників роду Primula L. на підвищення стійкості до ксеротермічного стресу та здійснити комплексний аналіз господарсько-цінних декоративних ознак нових адаптованих вітчизняних сортів в умовах Північного Лісостепу України. Методи. Дослідження проводили протягом 2010–2025 рр. Вивчали колекційний фонд роду Primula Національного ботанічного саду імені М. М. Гришка НАН України, що налічує 17 видів, 2 підвиди, 38 сортів і міжвидових гібридів. Інтродукційну та селекційну цінність таксонів визначали за комплексом інтегральних показників стійкості, декоративної стабільності та параметрів фенологічного розвитку. Застосовували методи цілеспрямованої та інтрогресивної гібридизації, індивідуального клонового добору й порівняльного сортовипробування. Результати. Чинником, що лімітував культивування представників роду Primula в умовах Північного Лісостепу, був гідротермічний режим, де критичним стресором стала літньо-осіння посуха навіть за помірного поливу. На основі комплексного інтродукційного дослідження та аналізу еколого-біологічних характеристик природних біотопів ідентифіковано таких основних донорів стійкості проти ксеротермічних умов регіону: P. auricula L., P. elatior (L.) Hill, P. veris L., P. veris subsp. macrocalyx (Bunge) Lüdi, P. vulgaris Huds., P. vulgaris subsp. rubra (Sm.) Arcang., P. woronowii Losinsk. Обґрунтовано етапи селекційного процесу, що базуються на генеративній рекомбінації та фіксуванні цільових ознак вегетативним способом. Представлено перші вітчизняні сорти, які поєднують комплексну резистентність до абіотичних і біотичних стресорів із високими показниками декоративності. Висновки. Доведено, що успішність культивування первоцвітів залежить від ступеня пристосовуваності рослин до ксеротермічного стресу в літньо-осінній період. Серед досліджуваного генофонду максимальним рівнем адаптивності вирізнялися представники секції Primula. Виділено види зі специфічними адаптивними стратегіями, а саме: P. japonica A. Gray, P. roseа Royle та P. sieboldii E. Morren. Представлено дев’ять вітчизняних сортів (‘Веснянка’, ‘Чумацький Шлях’, ‘Лісова пісня’, ‘Вишиванка’, ‘Сутінки’, ‘Білосніжка’, ‘Марі’, ‘Світанок’ та ‘Ююша’), які поєднують високі декоративні якості з підвищеною адаптивною стійкістю. Це дає змогу рекомендувати їх для розширення асортименту ранньоквітучих рослин у різних типах ландшафтних композицій урбанізованих середовищ.
Purpose. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of various herbicide treatments on Solidago canadensis L. and develop recommendations for its long-term management. Methods. Three chemical control schemes were assessed in 2021–2025: Lintur 70 WG (triasulfuron + dicamba), Roundup Max (glyphosate), and Dianate BASF (dicamba). Treatments were applied using a handheld sprayer during the active vegetative growth phase at a temperature of +20–23 °C and relative humidity of 65–70%. The herbicides' effectiveness was evaluated comprehensively by determining the suppression of the above-ground part, the number of viable shoots, and the ability to regenerate. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with the LSD₀.₀₅ criterion in Statistica 13.0 and Microsoft Excel 2019. Results. The results show that all the herbicides tested have a clear suppressive effect on Solidago canadensis L., although their effectiveness varies considerably depending on the active ingredients and how long they remain effective for. Overall, Lintur 70 WG exhibited the greatest effectiveness, providing rapid and progressive suppression of plant growth, reaching 91.8 ± 3.5% by 42 days after treatment, along with the greatest biomass suppression (86.8 ± 2.7%) and the strongest decrease in shoot density (~90% to 3 shoots/m²), indicates the minimal regeneration ability of the plant. Dianate BASF exhibited moderate but less stable control, with final suppression of 79.3 ± 3.5% and biomass suppression of 69.3 ± 2.6%. The reduction in shoot density (~71% to 6 shoots/m²) suggests partial recovery potential of the species after treatment. Roundup Max demonstrated moderately high yet less sustainable performance, reaching 84.7 ± 3.5% suppression and 57.2 ± 2.4% biomass suppression, with the weakest reduction in shoot density (~63% to 9 shoots/m²), indicating the highest regeneration potential among the tested variants. Conclusions. These findings confirm that multicomponent herbicides with different modes of action are the most effective way to sustainably control S. canadensis, as they ensure rapid biomass suppression and minimal regeneration. The study highlights the importance of considering the physiological responses of plants when predicting the duration of herbicide effectiveness against invasive species. These results could inform the development of chemical management strategies for invasive weeds in Ukrainian agroecosystems and natural habitats.
Purpose. To determine the role of varietal genetic characteristics, growing conditions, and their interaction in the formation of the fatty acid (FA) composition of oil, as well as to assess the adaptive capacity and stability of the synthesis of major fatty acids in high-oleic (HO) sunflower varieties. Methods. Biochemical (gas chromatography) and statistical methods (analysis of variance, correlation and regression analyses). Results. An assessment of the effects of soil and climatic growing conditions, as well as genotype, on the fatty acid (FA) composition of sunflower oil revealed that varietal affiliation was the most influential factor in determining variations in oleic and linoleic acid content, accounting for 66% of total variation. Weather conditions of the year contributed 11% to the variability of oleic acid content, while the interaction of factors “location × year” explained an additional 11%, highlighting the role of environmental variability in the realization of the genetic potential of the varieties. The highest ecological plasticity for oleic acid content was observed in the varieties ‘AM PRESTIGE’ and ‘P64GE233’, which combined high ecological plasticity coefficients (bᵢ) with low stability variance (Wᵢ), allowing them to be classified as intensive-type genotypes. For linoleic acid content, the varieties ‘AM KLP 25’, ‘IR Polysk’, and ‘IR Legat’ exhibited the greatest plasticity. The content of palmitic acid was largely determined by the genotype factor (64%) and the interaction “location × year”, whereas stearic acid content was predominantly influenced by weather conditions (79%). A strong negative correlation was identified between oleic and linoleic acid contents (r = –0.93; R² = 0.87). Conclusions. HO sunflower varieties are characterized by a high level of genetically determined stability of fatty acid composition, while simultaneously maintaining the ability to effectively realize their potential for enhanced oleic acid synthesis under favorable growing conditions. The assessment of ecological plasticity and stability revealed that the varieties ‘AM PRESTIGE’ and ‘P64GE233’ can be classified as intensive types with respect to oleic acid content, whereas the varieties ‘IR Polysk’, ‘AM KLP 25’, and ‘IR Legat’ demonstrated intensive responses for linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents. The absence of extensive-type genotypes indicates stable expression of the HO phenotype across all studied varieties, regardless of growing conditions.
Purpose. To establish the peculiarities of the fibrous layer structure and the degree of variability of the traits of the primary and secondary bast fibre cells in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties under the influence of exogenous silicon and the possibilities of using it to improve fibre quality. Methods. Plants of the ‘Afina’ and ‘Hlukhivski 51’ varieties, grown in an area of 30 × 5 cm, were studied. During the vegetation period, the plants were treated twice or three times with an aqueous solution of K₂SiO₃·5H₂O at concentrations of 2.5 g/L and 5.0 g/L, respectively, at the BBCH development phases 15, 51 and 65. The control variants used distilled water instead of the silicon solution. For the anatomical analysis, transverse sections of bark and wood were taken from the stems at the level of the IV internode (with a diameter of 9.5 mm) and examined using light microscopy. Results. In hemp plants under the influence of silicon, the thickness of the bast fibre layer increased, as can be seen from the analysis of transverse stem sections. For the ‘Afina’ variety, the secondary fiber layer thickness increased from 105 μm in the control group to 138 μm in the treated group. For the ‘Hlukhivski 51’ variety, it increased from 163 μm to 230 μm with triple treatment using a 0.5 g/L K₂SiO₃·5H₂O solution. This increase in fiber layer thickness was mainly due to secondary fibers, i.e., silicon activates cambium activity, the secondary generative tissue. The lengths and widths of the primary fibre cells were 40.2 and 25.9 μm for the ‘Afina’ variety and 57.0 and 40.2 μm for the ‘Hlukhivski 51’ variety. The lengths and widths of the secondary fibre cells were 25.1 and 15.5 μm and 33.4 and 16.5 μm, respectively. The increase in cell sizes was due to a decrease in the channel size and an increase in the thickness of the secondary walls. These changed from 6.5 to 12.5 μm and from 16.5 to 19.7 μm in primary bast fibre cells and from 5.5 to 7.2 μm and from 6.0 to 7.6 μm in secondary bast fibre cells in the ‘Afina’ and ‘Hlukhivski 51’ varieties, respectively. An increase in the proportion of isodiametric and oval-shaped cells with a convex contour, as well as cells with a small channel, was observed, indicating a structural rearrangement of fibrous formations. Conclusions. To increase the total fibre content of hemp stems, it is advisable to treat the plants with a silicon (Si) solution during the period of intensive secondary fibre accumulation, and to obtain higher-quality fibre, during the period of intensive primary fibre accumulation.
Мета. Встановити тривалість періоду післязбирального дозрівання насіння залежно від особливостей нових сортів пшениці м’якої та твердої озимої. Методи. Дослідження проводили впродовж 2024–2025 рр. Вивчали два сорти пшениці твердої озимої та сім м’якої озимої, вирощені після такого попередника, як соя. Результати. За результатами аналізу експериментальних даних встановлено, що пшениця м’яка озима, як порівняти з твердою озимою, характеризується значно тривалішим періодом післязбирального дозрівання. Динаміка проростання насіння протягом перших трьох діб була дуже низькою (0–4%). Це свідчить про фізіологічний стан спокою зерна одразу після збирання. Утім якщо в пшениці м’якої озимої пророслих насінин не спостерігали й на п’яту-сьому добу, то у твердої озимої вже на п’яту їхня частка становила 56–58%. Стан спокою більшості сортів пшениці м'якої озимої тривав 40–50 діб. Коротким він був у ‘МІП Феєрії’ та ‘Бурштину’ – на 30-ту добу в них проростало понад 50% від усього насіння. Сортами з довгочасним періодом післязбирального дозрівання можна вважати ‘МІП Ауріку’, ‘МІП Аеліту’, ‘МІП Довіру’, ‘МІП Паляницю миронівську’ та ‘МІП Стефанію’. Найкоротшим періодом спокою – приблизно 40 діб – відзначився ‘Бурштин’, а найтривалішим – понад 60 діб – ‘МІП Ауріка’ та ‘МІП Аеліта’. У досліджуваних сортів пшениці твердої озимої ‘МІП Лакомка’ та ‘Дуняша’ на третю добу зафіксовано 2 та 4% пророслих насінин, а вже на п’яту – 79 та 74% відповідно. Це свідчить про менш тривалий, ніж у пшениці м’якої озимої, процес післязбирального дозрівання. Висновки. Процеси дозрівання насіння характеризуються видовою та сортовою специфічністю. Зокрема, у більшості сортів пшениці м’якої озимої період післязбирального дозрівання становив 40–50 діб, а у твердої озимої – приблизно 15 діб. Найкоротшим періодом спокою відзначилися сорти пшениці твердої озимої ‘МІП Лакомка’ та ‘Дуняша’, а з-поміж сортів пшениці м’якої озимої – ‘Бурштин’; найдовшим – понад 60 діб – ‘МІП Ауріка’ та ‘МІП Аеліта’. Необхідно зважати на тривалість післязбирального дозрівання кожного сорту, щоб встановити біологічно обґрунтовані строки збирання. Це сприятиме мінімізації втрат урожаю та підвищенню ефективності вирощування насіння.
Мета. Оцінити врожайні властивості насіння нових сортів пшениці м’якої озимої миронівської селекції в умовах центральної частини Лісостепу України за морфотипами зародків залежно від попередників, строків сівби та норм добрив. Методи. Дослідження проводили впродовж 2021/22–2023/24 рр. на дослідних полях Миронівського інституту пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла НААН. Вивчали вплив різних норм [25, 50 і 75 кг/га діючої речовини (д. р.)] азотного добрива (КАС-32), строків сівби (перша та друга декади жовтня), попередників (соняшник, соя) на формування типів зародків і врожайних властивостей насіння сортів пшениці м’якої озимої (‘МІП Ассоль’, ‘Естафета миронівська’, ‘МІП Дніпрянка’). Результати. Насіння досліджуваних сортів пшениці м’якої озимої формувало шість типів зародків. Значними були його частки з І та ІІІ типами, утім переважав ІІ – 42–76% залежно від сорту, попередника, строку сівби та норм азотного живлення. Вказані чинники істотно впливали на врожайні властивості. Вони були ліпшими на 3,2% завдяки одержанню в середньому на 5% вищої частки насіння з ІІ типом зародка після такого попередника, як соя, порівнюючи з соняшником. Щодо строків сівби, то її проведення в першу декаду жовтня, як порівняти з другою, зумовлювало утворення на 3–5% більшої кількості насіння з ІІ типом зародка. Це сприяло підвищенню оцінки врожайних властивостей. Використання азотного добрива КАС-32 позитивно впливало на формування морфологічно повноцінного насіння, водночас збільшення норми внесення від 25 до 75 кг/га д. р. забезпечувало зростання частки насіння з ІІ типом зародка, а отже й поліпшення врожайних властивостей. Висновки. Для формування високоякісного насіння з підвищеними врожайними властивостями досліджувані сорти пшениці м’якої озимої варто висівати в першу декаду жовтня після сої зі внесенням азотного добрива КАС-32 у нормі 75 кг/га д. р.
Мета. Виділити генетичні джерела стійкості/толерантності до найбільш поширених біо- та абіотичних стресових чинників для залучення їх у селекційні програми ячменю озимого в Лісостепу України. Методи. Дослідження проводили в умовах Миронівського інституту пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла НААН протягом 2018/19, 2020/21, 2021/22 рр. Матеріалом для досліджень слугували 74 колекційні зразки різного походження. Оцінювання стійкості/толерантності до біо- та абіотичних чинників виконували в польових та лабораторних умовах відповідно до загальноприйнятих методик. Для характеристики зразків за комплексом ознак та їх поєднання з врожайністю застосовували GYT biplot. Результати. За результатами проведених досліджень виділено генетичні джерела стійкості/толерантності до біо- та абіотичних чинників. Зокрема, стійкості проти: борошнистої роси – 14 зразків [‘МИР 13/1’, ‘МИР 12-1’, ‘МИР 12-12’ (UKR) тощо], темно-бурої плямистості – 13 [‘МИР 12-13’, ‘МИР 12-11’ (UKR); ‘Novosadski 737’ (SRB) та ін.], смугастої плямистості – 17 [‘Л122’, ‘МИР 12-14’ (UKR); ‘Augusta’ (DEU) тощо], карликової іржі – три [‘Merlo’ (FRA); ‘МИР 12-12’ (UKR); ‘Scarpia’ (DEU)], вилягання – 15 зразків [‘Novosadski 525’ (SRB); ‘Naomie’ (DEU); ‘Panda’ (FRA) та ін.]. Як джерела дуже високої відносної морозостійкості ідентифіковано два зразки [‘Manitum’ (FRA), ‘МИР 12-13’ (UKR)], високої – 13, вищої за середню відносної посухостійкості – п’ять зразків [‘МИР 12-13’, ‘МИР 12-12’, ‘МИР 4787’, ‘МИР 4790’, ‘МИР 12-8’ (UKR)]. Відповідно до GYT biplot, у зразка ‘Titus’ (DEU) виявлено оптимальне поєднання врожайності та комплексу ознак. Джерелами комплексу ознак також визначено ‘Merlo’, ‘Manitum’ (FRA); ‘МИР 12-11’, ‘МИР 12-9’, ‘Снігова королева’ (UKR); ‘Novosadski 737’ (SRB); ‘Scarpia’ (DEU). Однак ‘Merlo’ (FRA) потребує поліпшення за параметром відносної морозостійкості. Висновки. Виявлені генетичні джерела окремих ознак та їх поєднання рекомендовано використовувати в селекційних програмах ячменю озимого, а також ячменю ярого за показниками відносної посухостійкості та стійкості проти збудників хвороб. Залучаючи до схрещування джерела, виділені за стійкістю проти окремих біо- та абіотичних чинників, слід зважати на рівень прояву решти параметрів і комбінувати їх з іншими компонентами за принципом взаємодоповнення ознак.
Purpose. To investigate the polymorphism of chickpea genotypes at microsatellite loci within the QTL-hotspot region of linkage group 4, associated with drought tolerance. Methods. DNA extraction and purification from seedlings using the CTAB method; polymerase chain reaction; horizontal gel electrophoresis; determination of amplification product sizes using the “GelAnalyzer” software; cluster analysis using the “MEGA12” software. Results. Of the 26 samples analyzed from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) collection, one to eight alleles were identified at the following microsatellite (SSR) loci within the QTL-hotspot region of linkage group 4 in the chickpea genome: ICCM0249, NCPGR127, TAA170, NCPGR21, TA130 and STMS11. The distribution of SSR locus alleles in the samples under study was compared with that in chickpea samples from various breeding centers, including those in Ukraine. Genetic distances were calculated for the 26 ICRISAT samples and seven Ukrainian varieties. A dendrogram was constructed which grouped the samples into seven clusters; the Ukrainian chickpea varieties formed a separate cluster. Conclusions. The chickpea samples from the ICRISAT collection were found to be polymorphic at SSR loci ICCM0249, TAA170, and TAA130, with three, five, and eight alleles respectively, and monomorphic at three SSR loci: STMS11, NCPGR127, and NCPGR21. This distribution of polymorphic and monomorphic alleles corresponded to that observed in the Ukrainian chickpea varieties. Cluster analysis revealed that the Ukrainian varieties formed a distinct group, suggesting differences in genetic origin and breeding approaches compared to the ICRISAT collection.
Purpose. To analyze the growth characteristics of six varieties of basket willow plantations over eight years of cultivation in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Establish the optimal age for harvesting biomass. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical and statistical. Results. Biometric studies of eight-year-old shoots from plantations revealed differences in their height, diameter, and weight. The cultivar ‘Inger’ had the highest values: 6.42 m, 3.3 cm, and 1.76 kg, respectively. The values were slightly lower for ‘Tordis’: 6.25 m, 3.1 cm, and 1.67 kg. The heights of the other varieties ranged from 5.90 m (‘Warm-maz’) to 6.13 m (‘Wilhelm’), the diameters ranged from 1.85 cm (‘Gigantea’) to 2.55 cm (‘Marzencinski’), and the dry weights of the shoots ranged from 0.89 kg (‘Gigantea’) to 1.05 kg (‘Marzencinski’). Dry biomass productivity ranged from 9.55 t/ha (‘Gigantea’) to 36.9 t/ha (‘Inger’). A significant decrease in annual height growth was observed in all the studied cultivars: after five years in ‘Tordis’, after four years in ‘Wilhelm’, ‘Inger’, ‘Gigantea’, and ‘Marzencinski’, and after three years in ‘Warm-maz’. A significant decrease in diameter growth was observed after five years in ‘Wilhelm’, after three years in ‘Tordis’, and after four years in the rest. Conclusions. The first harvesting of biomass from the studied plantations should be carried out at the age of four years, and the subsequent harvesting at the age of three or two years.
Purpose. To establish the optimal rate of application of YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn preparation, to ensures the highest sowing quality of sugar beet seeds. Methods. Biological (conducting laboratory experiments) and statistical (descriptive statistics, variance, correlation and regression analyses). Results. Laboratory studies showed that the variation in the germination energy of sugar beet seeds depends to some extent on their treatment with the YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn fertiliser preparation (15.5%), as well as on the seed batch (12.7%). However, genetic differences between the domestic hybrids studied had the greatest influence (61.1%). As for the variation in laboratory similarity, 41.6% was caused by the aforementioned fertiliser and 36.7% by genetic differences. The germination energy of the seeds also changed depending on the application rate of YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn. Specifically, germination energy increased to 84.9% when 3 l/t was applied (compared to 80.7% for the control variant), and to 88.6% when 6 l/t was applied. Increasing the amount of fertiliser further to 9 l/t did not significantly affect germination energy; in fact, using the maximum rate for the experiment (12 l/t) reduced it to 86.9%. An increase in laboratory germination was achieved by treating the seeds with YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn at rates of 3 and 6 l/t, increasing the percentage from 86.6% (control) to 91.8% and 96.6%, respectively. However, a further increase in the amount of fertiliser to 9 or 12 l/t resulted in a decrease in laboratory germination. In these variants of the experiment, the figures were 96.3% and 91.9%, respectively. Regression equations were established to predict the germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds, as well as to optimise the application rates of YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn. Conclusions. The optimal application rate of the zinc-containing preparation YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn for maximising the germination energy of sugar beet seeds was found to be 9 l/t for the 'ITsB 0904' hybrid and 6 l/t for the 'Ruteniia 11' hybrid. The highest laboratory germination rate was achieved using 6 l/t of this fertiliser. However, exceeding the optimal rates can lead to inhibition of germination, although the genetic potential of the hybrid is also important for this. It can also lead to a decrease in laboratory germination, which is primarily influenced by treatment with the specified zinc-containing preparation. The developed regression models are valuable tools for predicting sowing quality and the rational use of YaraVita Teprosyn NP+Zn fertiliser under production conditions.
Purpose. To investigate the formation of food and seed fractions in the yield of different potato crop maturity groups, as well as the key biochemical indicators of the variety. Methods. Throughout 2021–2024, field trials were conducted in the Forest-Steppe zone (Uman, 48°46′N, 30°14′E) to evaluate 15 potato varieties, including early-maturing (‘Rudolf’ st, ‘Madeira’, ‘Sanibel’, ‘Prada’), medium-maturing (‘Donata’ st, ‘Ricarda’, ‘Alians’, ‘Misteriia’, ‘Alyuett’, ‘Kniazha’), and late-maturing (‘Promin’ st, ‘Rodeo’, ‘Sluch’, ‘Toscana’, ‘Burana’) varieties. The differences in their stem-forming ability, stem density, the number and weight of marketable tubers per plant, and the yield and quality of the tubers were analyzed. Results. Based on the collected data, the most promising varieties were identified for obtaining marketable potato yields at biological maturity for consumption. Early-maturing varieties produced the highest stem density (256.1 thousand stems/ha), while medium- and late-maturing varieties produced significantly lower densities (213.0 and 207.1 thousand stems/ha, respectively). The number of tubers per plant varied insignificantly between maturity groups, at 8.8, 7.7 and 8.9 respectively. However, tuber weight varied significantly, amounting to 55.9 g for early varieties, 85.6 g for medium-maturing varieties and 109.6 g for late-maturing varieties. The varieties ‘Madeira’ (63.4 g), ‘Misteriia’ (101.0 g) and ‘Rodeo’ (128.7 g) demonstrated the maximum values. The varieties with the highest total marketable yield were ‘Prada’ and ‘Kniazha’ with 24.42 and 24.26 t/ha respectively, followed by ‘Alyuett’ with 28.55 t/ha and ‘Sluch’ and ‘Toscana’ with 41.69 and 43.21 t/ha respectively. It was also found that early-maturing varieties are predominantly used for seed production (52% versus 48%), while medium- and late-maturing varieties are predominantly used for food production (63% versus 37% and 60% versus 40%, respectively). The obtained data indicate a close relationship between maturity group and harvest structure by intended use, which is important for optimizing variety use in cultivation, storage and sales systems. Conclusions. Different maturity groups of potato varieties differ significantly in terms of morphological characteristics and productivity. Data on their distinctiveness in terms of the ratio of seed and food portions of the harvest is of great practical importance for regional agricultural technology. Since early-maturing varieties produce a higher proportion of seed potatoes, they are a good source of high-quality planting material and allow for the accelerated renewal of variety composition. Conversely, medium- and late- maturing varieties with a higher percentage of food crops are better suited to ensuring a stable food supply. This approach increases the efficiency with which variety resources are used, optimizes crop structure, and establishes an adapted potato production system that focuses on the needs of the domestic market and seed supply.
