Objective The soil seed bank is the basis of aboveground vegetation regeneration,which plays a decisive role in the formation and damage of invasive plants population. Methods In this paper,the relationship between soil seed bank and aboveground population quantity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and A. trifida invading for 1 ～ 6 years was studied,and the effects of soil seed bank on population establishment,growth and persistence were analyzed. Results The results show that:( 1) The density of soil seed bank decreased with the increase of soil depth and increased with the extension of invasion time. Seeds were mainly concentrated in 0 ～ 10 cm soil layer,and the maximum seed bank density of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and A. trifida were 525 seeds·m-2 and 11868 seeds·m-2 respectively in this soil layer of six years invasion habitat.( 2) Withered,Eaten by insects and moldy seeds accounted for 25% of the total A. artemisiifolia seed bank at 0 to 10 cm,it’s about 23%,34% and 15% in A. trifida seed bank from different habitats.( 3) The population density decreased with the prolongation of growth period and increased with the extension of invasion time. Density decreases most rapidly during the nutritional and reproductive stages,the maximum reduction of A. artemisiifolia and A. trifidawas was 343 plants·m-2 and 637 plants·m-2,respectively. The longer the population settlement,the greater the seed bank accumulation was input and the more seed was germination in spring. Conclusion Therefore in oder to control the invasion of A. artemisifolia and A. trifida,the seed back should the regarded as a key point,and the control chould be carried out from the two aspects of reducing the seed production and controlling seed germination.
研究以红龙23色素板椒为试材,在盆栽条件下设置中性盐(NaCl,pH= 6.99)、碱性盐(NaHCO3∶Na2CO3 =9 ∶ 1,pH = 9.30)、中性盐+碱性盐混合胁迫(NaCl ∶ NaHCO3 ∶ Na2CO3 = 9 ∶ 9 ∶ 1,pH = 8.88)等处理.利用分光光度计、液相色谱等方法对青果期、转色期、红熟期的辣椒果实进行品质分析,结果表明:3种胁迫下青果期、转色期及红熟期辣椒果实的Vc和有机酸含量均较对照显著下降,盐处理后3个时期果实糖酸均较对照显著提高;3种胁迫下绿熟期果实可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量较对照显著下降,而转色期和红熟期二者的含量却较对照显著升高;3种胁迫均能提高各阶段果实中的辣椒碱和二氢辣椒碱含量,其中碱性盐胁迫对辣椒素的促进作用更显著;3种胁迫可在一定程度上提高绿熟期、转色期果实的辣椒红素含量,但却使红熟期果实的红色素含量下降,其中碱性盐对辣椒红素的影响显著.表明碱性盐对辣椒品质的影响最大,其次为混合胁迫,中性盐的影响较小.
Objective Echinococcus granulosus scoleces was injected into the mouse liver capsule to construct the animal mode of echinococcosis granulosa.Methods Echinococcus granulosus scoleces were extracted from goat liver infected with Echinococcus granulosus,and cultured in cell culture medium for 3 ～ 5 days in vitro,and its activity was detected by eosin staining. The mice were anesthetized with 5% chloral hydrate,and then fixed on the operation table.After the abdominal skin was disinfected,the skin was cut with disinfected scissors.The activity of extracting more than 90% of the scoleces t was injected into the liver capsule of C57 mice( 6 ～ 8 weeks old,weighing 18 ～ 22 g) with a 1 ml syringe,and then the skin was sutured. The mice ’s liver tissue was harvested at 30 days,60 days,90 days,120 days,and 150 days,respectively.After the liver tissue was fixed,the sections were stained with HE staining to observe the basic pathological changes of inflammation.Sirius red staining was used to observe the collagen fiber proliferation in the lesion tissue.Results The success rate of 60 mice was 95%.In the pathological section,a large number of lymphocytes infiltrated and loose collagen fibers were observed in the liver tissue for 30 days.With the extension of the infection time,the lymphocytes infiltration decreased,multinucleated giant cells and epithelioid cells increased,collagen fibers increased and densified.Conclusion The animal model constructed in this experiment can be used to construct an animal model of Echinococcus granulosus,which lays a foundation for the study of treatment of Echinococcus granulosus.
To explore the inductive effect of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus and theirmixture on its biochemical characteristics of antimicrobial peptide(AMPs) extracted from Locusta migratoria L.larva,Locust larva was induced by E.coli, staphylococcus and its mixture at the concentration of 1×108CFU/m L,then antimicrobial peptide was extracted after24 hours respectively.Theirconcentration were detected by coomassie brilliant blue method.Next,otherfeatures,as thermostability,multigelation stability and different p H were measured.The results showed that the concentration of locusk antimicrobial peptide concentration which were induced by bacteria was notably higherthan those not(P0.05).Meanwhile,the concentration of antimicrobial peptide which were induced by staphylococcus was notably higherthan that by E.coli and mixed bacteria induced.Analysis result of biochemical characteristic showed that the locusts antimicrobial peptide have betterheat stability(the antibacterial rate reached to 82.65%when temperature was 100 ℃),p H stability(its antibacterial rate was higherthan 92.97% when pH rangeed from 1 to 7),multigelation stability and low temperature storability(there was no difference between AMPs that frizzed and thawed within 6times ornot(P0.05)).
To estimate the heritability for body weight at 280 day-old in Rugao Yellow chicken,to evaluate the influence of different models on genetic effects.The data were collected from Rugao Yellow chicken population from 2009 to 2013.A total of 8116 body weight records from laying hen were evaluated.The records at different day-olds were standardized to280 day-old body weights.Variance components were obtained by WOMBAT software.The influences from year,batches and dam age were considered during evaluation of heritability.Models were compared using AIC and BIC values.The results suggested that the influences from batches and dam ages should be included in the fix effects.The heritability of 280day-old body weight was 0.52 ±0.03 with animal model, and 0.56 ±0.02 with sire model.The heritability for the body weight at 40 weeks were moderate.In the future,Expected Breeding Value(EBV) predict with BLUP able to improve the uniform of the body weight.
To determi ne the effect of InlC gene on Listeria monocytogenes(Lm) pathogenisis.The upstream and downstream homology arms of InlC gene were amplified from 4b LM-90SB2.The two homology arms was connected together to get the△InlC fragment through SOE-PCR.The △InlC fragment was inserted into the suicide plasmid p KSV7 to construct the recombinant suicide vector p KSV7-△InlC.The recombinant vector was transformed by electroporation into the competent cells of the Lm-90SB2. The positive transformants were subcultured for 15 generations in Chloramphenicol(10 μg/m L) at 41 ℃,to get the single-exchange strain.Then the strain was continued to be passaged to the 108 th generation in the absence of Chloramphenicol at 41 ℃ to get the double-exchange strain,and the detection primers were used to identify for the mutant.In order to lost plasmid and identify genetic stability of LM90SB2- △InlC,subcultured was stilled for 30 generations without chloramphenicol at 30 ℃. LM90SB2-△InlC was constructed.The detection primers were used to detect for the mutant which can get only one target fragment of 1480 bp by PCR,meanwhile,the sequence technology successfully verified the mutant.At the same time, the mutant had genetic stability.The successful mutant construction provided the necessary experimental materials for the function analysis of InlC.
To investigate the antioxidant activity of the peel of Punica extracts in vitro. solutions of different concentrations(0.1,0.5,1,2,4 mg/m L) were extracted from the peel of Punica. The antioxidant activities were measured by scavenging DPPH.Inhibition of the hemolysis of red blood cells wae measured by colorimetric assay. The results indacated that the peel of Punica extracts could significantly enhance the scavenging DPPH and inhibit the oxidation of erythrocyte hemolysis and H2O2-induced hemolysis, which was dose dependent. The research indicate that the peel of Punica extracts possesse an antioxidant activity and had a protective activity for the membranes of erythrocytes.
Most water resources in inland come from snowmelt runoff.Runoff simulation is the main method of hydrological forecasting. In order to simulate the two- dementional runoff during the period of snowmelting, a new method based on Snowmelt Runoff Model and GIS technology has been put forward in this paper. Snow depth and snow cover were obtained from RS data. The spatial temperature and precipitation were gotten by interpolating based on the observed weather data from March to May in 2008 and the DEM. The results show that the new method could describe the snowmelt runoff process and improve the accuracy, the coefficient of Nash Sutcliffe is 0.83, and the volume difference of streamflow is 6.81%. This research would be helpful for the runoff forecast in alpine zone.
To observe the effects of Asiaticoside on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats and its mechanism.Rats were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion using modified suture occlusion technique.The effect of Asiaticoside(80、40、20 mg/kg) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats were evaluated by neurological deficit scores,HE and TUNEL staining. And the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and Protein carbonyl,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH- Px) and catalase(CAT) were assayed in rats brain tissues. The expression levels of Caspase- 3,Bcl- 2 and Bax m RNA were measured by Real time- PCR.The results showed that,compared with the model group,Asiaticoside treatment significantly decreased neurological deficit scores,neural apoptosis,improve the histopathology injury,decreased the levels of MDA and Protein carbonyl,increased the activities of SOD,GSH- Px and CAT,decreased the expression of Caspase- 3,Bax m RNA, increased the expression of Bcl- 2 m RNA.Taken together,these results suggested that Asiaticoside had the protective effect on I/R injury in rats,the mechanisms may be related with reducing the anti- oxidant and anti- apoptosis activity.
In order to control the virus diseases of Salvia splendens,.the virus species associated with mosaic symptom on it were identified by extraction of dsRNA,RT-PCR and sequence analysis.The results showed that ds RNA fragments of 4700 bp and6300 bp were extracted from S4 isolate.A 390 bp fragment was amplified from the dsRNA by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)using degenerate primers of Fabavirus.The RT-PCR products were cloned and the positive clone was subsequently sequenced.The segment size is 391 nt.Blast analysis revealed that it has the highest similarity with Bean Broad Wilt Virus 2(BBWV2),showing that S4 isolate was BBWV 2.The sequencing of RNA1 genome in S4 isolate showed that it is 5957 nt containing an open reading frame(ORF),with 78.4%-100% similarity with the RNA1 of BBWV2.
The electrical resistivity stability of conductive mortars was studied by two electrode method in different conductive environment forits wide application. The experimental results showed that the resistivity of conductive mortarincreased with increasing conductive temperature and electric power, but the increasing data was limited, less than 5 %. On the contrary, the resistivity of conductive mortardecreased with increasing temperature of conductive environment. The resistivity of conductive mortarcould maintain stability in long time electrifying. The percentage decrease of 180 d resistivity was less than 6%. This experiment demonstrated that conductive environment had some effect on the resistivity, and the conductive property could maintained in various electrical condition.
To explore the optimal conditions forestablishing Aβ25- 35- induced SH- SY5 Y cell injury model, and to lay the foundation forthe mechanism study of Aβ thereafter. Serum- containing culture method and serum- free culture method were used in this study to establish the cell injury model. Morphological changes and cell viability were chosen to determine the best injury condition of Aβ25- 35. Ourresults showed that serum protects the cells from Aβ25- 35- induced injury; SH- SY5 Y cells treated with 40μM Aβ25- 35 in serum- free medium for48 h is the best condition forestablishing the Aβ25- 35- induced cell injury model.
To analyze the stabitity of reservoir slope under earthquake more accurately,combined with the geological survey data,typical slope section's numerical model was established by Quake/W coupled with Slope/W.A case study of xiaoxiboti reservoir,the displacement,acceleration and velocity trend of different monitoring points,and the displacement field,stress field and strain field of slope were analyzed at the horizontal seismic wave acceleration's peak value was 0.05 g.Meanwhile,the FOS time history wave was analyzed.The results shows that the FOS of slope under earthquake is 0.892 while it is 1.036 under natural state,and the stability of slope is significantly dropped down that means it does not meet the safety requirement of the long running of project.The critical slip surface is at the middle of slope and is nearly a circle.This is consistent with the geological exploration.This paper also provides a reference example to solve slope dynamic problem by Quake/W coupled with Slope/W.
To further investigate the function of the cotton florigen homologous gene Gh FT1,the prokaryotic fusion expression vector of p ET30a-Gh FT1 was constructed,and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3)cells.Protein expression and antibody construction were analyzed in this study.The results showed that the fusion protein was induced by 1.0 mmol/L Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside(IPTG) treatment at 37 ℃ for different time, and the fusion protein existed in inclusion bodies as well as in soluble proteins.After the antibody of Gh FT1 was produced,the affinity of antibody and antigen was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method according to the manufacturer's manual.The ELISA assay showed that the recombinant protein had a good immune response with antibody sera.This study played a foundation for the further study of biology function of Gh FT1 protein.
Hydrolysis of biomass into fermentable sugars is a significant way in the application of biomass conversion.In this paper, selecting corn cob as raw material, effects of sulfuric acid(H2SO4)/ferric sulfate(Fe2(SO4)3) on the hydrolysis of corn cob were investigated. The results showed that: Only 40% of total sugaryield were obtained, when using H2SO4,orFe2(SO4)3as catalyst,respectively. However, nearly 80% of total sugaryield could be achieved, if H2SO4 and Fe2(SO4)3were mixed together,which was more than the sum of sugarrecovery with H2SO4 orFe2(SO4)3as single catalyst,respectively. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the hydrolysis conditions of corn cob in the presence of H2SO4/Fe2(SO4)3, the verification experiment indicated that when the concentration of H2SO4 was 0.7 mol/L, Fe2(SO4)3concentration was 2.0 mol/L, 79.98% of total reducing sugars could be obtained at 150 ℃ after47 min of reaction. Through the optimization of the hydrolysis condition of corn cob, the fermentable sugars yield was enhanced, which provided an important application basis forthe effective utilization of corn cob.
Glabridin is one of the natural active ingredients in Glycyrrhiza glabra L..It is difficult to extract and purify glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra L.because for its content is only about 0.2%.The extraction of glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra L by functional imidazolium-based ionic liquids was studied.The effect of basic and hydrophobicity of ionic liquids on extraction efficiency were investigated.The results showed that the extraction efficiency of glabridin was increased with increasing basicity and hydrophobicity of IL,and the extraction efficiency of glabridin was greatly affected by the basicity of ILs.The hydrophobic [Hmim][N(CN)2] with basic anion presented the satisfied extraction efficiency of 87.27% for glabridin
TiO2 can only absorbs the ultraviolet in sunlight, and the recombination of photo-induced protons and electrons is very fast, which impact the TiO2u0027s photo-catalytic efficiency. In order to improve the photo-catalytic properties of TiO2, people devoted themselves to doping and modifying. Here we introduced the doping of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and Ag nanoparticles,aiming at improving the dispersibility of TiO2 and preventing the recombination of photo-induced holes and electrons. Firstly,the monodispersed and uniform Ag@TiO2core-shell structure particles were prepared through solvothermal method, and subsequently the acid vapor treated multi-walled carbon nanotues(CNTs) adopted from a simple dipping method were introduced into the Ag@TiO2core-shell system to obtain CNTs-modified Ag@TiO2nanocomposites(CNTs-Ag@TiO2).UV light degradation experimental results showed that the photocatalytic properties of composite materials was enhanced compared with TiO2 nanoparticles due to the CNTs and Ag core particles have unique electronic structure, which can be as electronic storage and conduct intermediates medium, thus extending the recombination time of electron-hole pair t on TiO2 surface and improved the photocatalytic properties.
To explore the effect of differential expression of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activator with WD40 repeats(MAWD) and MAWD binding protein(MAWBP) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) of gastric cancer(GC) cells. The eukaryotic expression vector was constructed by pc DNA3.1,and transfected MAWD and MAWBP to GC cells SGC7901. The morphologic change of the cell and the location of MAWD and MAWBP was observed by immunofluorescence. The expression level of EMT related protein E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Snail was detected by western blot. The eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed and transfected to the SGC7901 cells. The cellular morphology was changed from fibrous shape to the pebble shape after transfected with MAWD and MAWBP. MAWD and MAWBP was located in the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. E-cadherin was obviously over expressed in MAWD and MAWBP co-expressed cells, while N-cadherin and Snail was reduced. MAWD and MAWBP could synergistically suppressed the EMT in GC cells. Discussion: MAWD inhibit TGF-beta signal through Smad7. TGF-beta is an important cytokine for EMT. MAWBP can form the complex with MAWD.Co-overexpression of MAWD and MAWBP can synergistically affect the expression of EMT protein who is related with TGF-beta signaling pathway.
This study aimed to analyze the resistance function of GDSL lipase(GLIP) against Verticillium dahliae.In this study,a cotton GDSL lipase gene,named Gh GLIP,which was previously cloned from Gossypium hirsutum L.with a 1068 bp open reading frame,was transformed into Col- 0 Arabidopsis by floral diping method,and as a result the T3 generation transgenic Arabidopsis plants were obtained through screening of homozygotes.Verticillium dahliae suspension was utilized to infect the leaves of wide- type(WT) and transgenic Arabidopsis plant carrying Gh GLIP gene,respectively.The leaves of transgenic plants displayed less cell death and reproduction of Verticillium dahlia compared with the wide- type plants.Enzyme assays showed that expressions of antioxidant enzymes and pathogen related enzymes in transgenic Gh GLIP Arabidopsis plants were significantly enhanced than that in the wild- type plants;RT- PCR analyses indicate that the expression levels of pathogen related genes and ethylene signal transduction related genes were obviously increased after1 d treatment of Verticillium dahliae.These results suggested that cotton Gh GLIP gene might increase Arabidopsis resistance against to Verticillium dahliae by participating in ethylene signal pathway and increasing the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme system and pathogen related genes.This study provides references forthe molecularmechanism elucidation of plant resistance to pathogen and furthergenetic improvement applications.
To investigate the influence of offspring sex by silencing the Zfx gene during spermatogenesis in boar.Three recombinant expression vectors were constructed:p LL3.7/e,p LL3.7/f and p LL3.7/g.Then,recombinant expression vectors were transfected to spermatogenic cells in vitro,respectively.Expression level of Zfx m RNA was determined by q RT-PCR. Results showed that p LL3.7/e and p LL3.7/f significantly inhibited the expression level of Zfx gene,and the inhibition rates were 44%(P0.05) and 56%(P0.05),respectively.p LL3.7/g had no inhibition(P0.05).Thus,p LL3.7/e and p LL3.7/f were selected in vivo,and the respectively rate of offspring boar were 51%(P0.05) and 59%(P0.05).Zfx gene interference can effectively control the offspring sex of large white, which provides the basis for further research on animal sex control.
