Objectives: Anthropometric conditions of college students following their admission to college programs is one of the concerns of health authorities as well as the health policy makers. The concept of ‘Freshman 15’ is a popular term that describes dramatic weight gain of college students. This research was designed to examine the anthropometric conditions of newly admitted medical students. Methods: 51 male students aged 19 - 21 years old admitted to the undergraduate programs in colleges of medicine at Kashan University of Medical Sciences participated in this cross sectional study. Demographic characteristics of the participants including age, weight, waist and hip circumferences sizes were measured and recorded. Flexible tape was used to measure waist and hip circumferences sizes in centimeter. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests with the significant levels of P ≤ 0.05. Results: The result indicated that only 16 (34.4 percent) of the admitted students had normal weight while 26 (51 percent) were overweight and 8 (15.7 percent) were fat. In addition, 18 (35.3 percent) were in age 18 group, 15 (29.4 percent) in age 19 and 18 (35.3 percent) were in age 20 group. The result of one-way ANOVA suggested that there was a significant difference between the BMI of the age group of 18 to the 19 and 20 years old (respectively, P = 0.02, P = 0.03), while no significant differences was found between the age group 19 and 20 years old (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The result suggested that a considerable proportion of newly admitted male medical students are already overweight or fat prior to starting their medical education. Further research is needed to follow the weight changes after they start their medical education.
Obesity is increasingly present in the population and raises the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in body composition, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides of obese adults. The sample was costituida twelve male volunteers subjected to hold a bone densitometry analysis with body composition (DEXA) and examinations that incaram plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides in the blood. The volunteers were inserted into three training models: aerobic training (AeT), anaerobic training (AnT) and concurrent training (CT). The training period was twelve weeks, with three sessions per week lasting 60 minutes. The AeT group took part in running sessions with cycling sessions. The AnT group performed bodybuilding exercises. The CT group combined the two previous models, with no gap between them. All variables were tested for normality of distribution by the Shapiro-Wilk test. For those who presented normality, the paired teste test was used for comparison before and after training (mean ± standard error). All analyzes were performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A significance level of α = 0.05 was used. When comparing the initial and final periods of intervention was observed reductions in variables: total weight, body fat weight and visceral fat weight in all groups. Total cholesterol decreased only in the CT group. Already, the LDL cholesterol decreased in the AnT and CT groups, being that in the CT with greater notoriety. HDL cholesterol increased in all groups, and in the AnT with greater notoriety. The plasma triglyceride concentration decreased only in the AeT and CT groups. The data suggest that the concurrent training is effective for the reduction of obesity when compared to the aerobic and anaerobic methods.
This research was conducted with the aim of surveying the correlation between quality of work life and efficiency of managers of sports clubs in city of Tabriz. The research method was descriptive-correlative. 150 managers of sports clubs were chosen through simple random sampling. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. Results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between quality of work life and efficiency of managers of sports clubs in Tabriz. Also there was a positive and significant correlation between all components of salary and bonuses, continuous learning opportunities, democracy in the organization, participation in decision making, job design and work environment and efficiency of managers of sports clubs in Tabriz. It is suggested to increase and improve the indicators of quality of work life in order to increase efficiency.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between citizenship behavior and productivity from viewpoint of managers in East Azerbaijan's sports clubs. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive-correlation. There were selected 130 managers of sports clubs in East Azerbaijan as sample. There were used Questionnaire of Citizenship Behavior and Questionnaire of Labor Productivity to collect data. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression. Findings: Results of the present research showed that there is a positive significant relationship between citizenship behavior with productivity of managers. Among different dimensions of citizenship behavior affecting productivity of managers, conscience had the highest (r= 0.47) effect. It means that the more working conscience of managers, the more productivity. Magnanimity had the lowest effect (r= 0.22) in comparison with other aspects of citizenship behavior. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that managers can increase organization's productivity by proper behaviors with employees.
The purpose of this investigation was two-fold: (a) to examine the phenomenon of Hispanic team-market congruence in MLB, and (b) to explore the ethnic market preferences of MLB Hispanic players as implied in the pattern conveyed in free agency decisions. Variables posited as predictors of MLB Hispanic composition were: markets' Hispanic composition, markets' size, markets' income, teams' payroll, and teams' winning percentages. Natural logs were taken of MSA population, per capita income and CPI adjusted payroll variables were used in multiple regression models. The results revealed that the predictors explained 30% of the composition of MLB Hispanic free agents, with the markets' Hispanic population being the strongest predictor; and only 15% of the composition of MLB Hispanic non-free agents, with the markets' Hispanic population being insignificant. Theresults explicated an inferred salience of ethnocentricity to MLB Hispanic free agents' and evidenced a bi-dimensional model of acculturation in the free agency market selection phenomenon. These findings attest to the need for cultural competencies in marketing and in the glocalization of US sports.
The purpose of conducting the current research is surveying the correlation between organizational ethical climate and job satisfaction of staff of Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. From the point of aim the current research method is a descriptive-correlative. The current research population includes staff of Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports including 320 individuals. Morgan table was used for choosing the sample and ultimately data gathered from 159 individuals were used in statistical analysis. Achieved results indicated a significant correlation between organizational ethical climate and job satisfaction. Organizations working with community service approach consider ethics as one of their basic principles and they try to create a coherent ethical atmosphere by emphasis on maintaining a satisfied workforce they try to prevent their staff from leaving the organization.
Organizational Citizenship behaviors (OCB) are those behaviors for which employees are neither rewarded by the organization in monetary terms nor employees are forced to show such behaviors but it contributes a lot in organizational effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine of Conceptual modeling of causal relationship between Commitment with organizational citizenship behavior in campus recreation administrations of Islamic Azad University in Iran. This study was conducted in 470 campus recreation administrations of Islamic Azad University in Iran in 2014. In this cross-sectional study was performed on 224 randomly selected administrations. Data were collected through the Organization commitment questionnaire” developed by Allen and Meyer and the “organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire” employed by Organ and Konovsky. Data were analyzed by descriptive correlation method and structural equation. The study of each individual aspect of organization commitment revealed that administration's Normative commitment and Affective commitment relationship with OCB were positively significant (P<0.001) while Continues commitment's relationship with OCB was not significant (P<0.05). As demonstrated by the findings of the present study, while the level of organization commitment was high among the administrators, the level of their organizational citizenship behavior was high.
The present study was aimed to determine the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance in Ministry of Sport and Youth. Due to apparent volume of population (666 individuals), 180 individuals were participated as sample. For data collection, standard questionnaire of intellectual capital and organizational performance was used by Cronbach alpha 0.82 and 0.86 and data analysis were performed using Pearson correlation. The results showed that intellectual capital had positive and significant effect on staff organizational performance of Ministry of Sport and Youth. Also, the relationship between sub-components of intellectual capital with organizational performance was positive and significant (human capital (0.43), structural capital (0.45), and relational capital (0.52). Upon the results, it can be concluded that intellectual capital (and its dimension) lead to increase in organizational performance.
The availability of precise, relevant, timely and new information increases the speed and precision of decision making. The objective of present study is to examine the association between office automation, improvement of decision-making and productivity of employees of Youth and Sport offices of West Azerbaijan Province. The statistical population of present study consists of 130 employees of Youth and Sport offices of West Azerbaijan Province selected through simple random sampling. The statistical instrument of present study consists of two standard questionnaire of office automation and improvement of decision-making and productivity. To analyze data were used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation). The results of preset study show that there is a positive association between the items of office automation and improvement of decision-making and productivity of employees of Youth and Sport offices. Article visualizations:
Today, there are many stresses which could exert many damages to an individual. In the present study, the objective is to compare the coping styles among athletic and non-athletic adolescents. The statistical population of present study includes all male and female high-school students studying during 2015-2016 in Miandoab Town among which 100 individuals (50 athletes: 25 male and 25 female students; 50 non-athletes: 25 male and 25 female students). The sampling method for non-athletic samples is random cluster sampling. The applied instrument of data collection is the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS) developed by Endler and Parker. The collected data is analyzed through t-test for independent groups (P<0.05). The results show that there is a significant difference between athletic and non-athletic females as well as between athletic and non-athletic males in regard to the emotionfocused and problem-focused coping styles.
Background and Aim: Nowadays, organizations significantly emphasize on different aspects and dimensions of knowledge and intellectual capitals. Knowledge and information are power and each individual equipped with them is powerful. Thus attention to knowledge and intellectual capitals for reaching to Psychological Empowerments in each organization is necessary and inevitable. The aim of this research was to study the impact of Intellectual Capital on Psychological Empowerments in experts of Iran’s Ministry of Youth and Sports. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was performed among 230 experts in Iran’s Ministry of Youth and Sports through convenient sampling. Data collection was conducted by the use of standard questionnaires of intellectual capital Bontis (1998) and psychological empowerment Spreitzer (1995) with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.71 and 0.86. Descriptive statistics and regression tests were used for data analysis by spss. Results: Results of study showed that mean intellectual capital and psychological empowerments was 3.49 and 3.81 respectively. Additionally, results showed that intellectual capital had the ability to predict the examinees’ psychological empowerments (R square= 0.12). Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to use intellectual capitals in organizations for more psychological empowerment and also training sessions should be conduct
This study examines relationship between leadership styles of coaches with motivations and satisfaction of players for advancement in Teraktorsazi club (Tabriz, Iran). This study is an applied, descriptive, and correlational research. The population consisted of all players of soccer teams in Teraktorsazi club (Tabriz, Iran), who were 125 players in number. The respondents were selected by using Cochrane Equation, who was 95 in number. For a higher credibility, they were increased by 100 respondents. These players were selected by employing random quota sampling i.e. the final population was selected by considering ratio of players in each age group to the whole population. Accordingly, 20 players were selected from each age group. Two questionnaires were distributed for data collection: Leadership Style Questionnaire & Player Motivation Questionnaire and Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). The collected data were analyzed by performing Spearman Test. The findings reveal significantly positive relationships between exercise-training leadership & motivation for advancement (r=%72, p<0.01), between leadership style training, Style authoritarian, democratic behavior and social support satisfaction with satisfaction (r =% 70, p <0.01). between authoritative Leadership Style & motivation for advancement (r=%60 , p<0.01), between democratic behavior & motivation for advancement (r=%38 , p<0.01), between social support & motivation for advancement (r=%67 , p<0.01), and between positive feedback & motivation for advancement (r=%78 , p<0.01).
