The beneficial nature of therapeutic activity and institutionalized persons with organic dementia has been documented in the literature. An area that was lacking in the literature was behavioral interactions between the individual with organic dementia and another person. The purpose of this study was to examine the interactions between a therapeutic recreation professional and a person who has dementia. The study employed a qualitative methodology that utilized naturalistic non-participant observation technique to explore the behavior and interaction process between participant and therapist in one to one interaction. Two persons that resided in a nursing home considered to have organic dementia of the Alzheimer's type participated in the study. Each subject participated in four activity sessions. The therapist selected the activity sessions based upon the participants) past interests. Observations were recorded on videotape. Each activity session was observed six times to ensure accurate behavioral accounts. The behavioral observations were analyzed according to the behavioral categories and characteristics identified by Rubin, Morris and Berg (1987), as well as additional behavior categories identified by the researcher. Inter-rate reliability was established to be 82 per cent through the method of agreement. The study concluded that the majority of behavioral responses were enhanced during activity participation due to enhance communication strategies used by the therapeutic recreation professional during the activity.
I dag ar det alltid en tuff tavlan om att fa arrangera ett stort idrottsevenmang. Regioner och stader ar villiga att spendera stora pengar for att utses som arrangor for ett OS, VM och andra mega-e ...
(1999). WOMEN AND LEISURE: DOES ALL WORK AND NO PLAY MAKE JILL UNWELL? World Leisure & Recreation: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 11-14.
(1999). EDUCATING FOR SERIOUS LEISURE: LEISURE EDUCATION IN THEORY AND PRACTICE. World Leisure & Recreation: Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 14-19.
This article introduces the problematic of the beach as a leisure resource through the consideration of a case study of Wales. Emphasis upon the environmental quality of beaches in Wales has led to the widespread application of beach award schemes. A critique of beach award schemes revealed that they fail adequately to incorporate the perceptions of the beach user. A study is reported that attempted to build a scale of the offensiveness of commonly found beach debris. At three beaches in South Wales photographs of standard beach litter items were used in conjunction with semantic differential scales in order to assess the extent of impact on beach users perceptions. A condom equivalent index was devised to compare between beach debris items. The index indicated that sewage related debris was found to be the most visually offensive category found on beaches. The implications of the research findings are discussed in terms of both the conceptualising and practice of beach management and future studies of the beach as a leisure resource.
The increasing focus on natural resource-based tourism within Australia is posing problems for national parks management agencies and Aboriginal communities involved in tourism. Pressure from tourism is having significant effects on the local Aboriginal community. In an attempt to deal with these issues joint management approaches to management of national parks have been evolving. However, evaluative research frameworks need to be developed that facilitate a cross-cultural flow of information, which promote the development of the cross-cultural understanding, and which maximise possibilities for Aborigines. This paper suggests the principles of ecotourism can be incorporated in developing ways of researching that will enable us to study how facilitation of community ownership and control of tourism can help the joint management of Australian national parks for tourist use. The application of these principles has the potential to develop research approaches that may encourage current management to develop frameworks in an essential first step toward managing tourism equitably in national parks.
