In insects, moults and metamorphosis are initiated and coordinated by the interplay of juvenile hormone (JH) and moulting hormone (MH). External application of plants extracts containing phytoecdysteroids (PE) is found to reduce the maturation process in s and synchronise it. Field level experiments were conducted to test the effects of PE isolated from the indigenous plants Diploclisia glaucescens (Blume) Diels (DG) and fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. (CS) on bivoltine double hybrids FC of silkworms. Synchronisation and significant reduction in maturation time by 12 h of silkworms was obtained on application of PE. A convenient method o analogue and PE extracts together on a single crop was also develop (Bombyx mori L.) positively responds to exogenous JH analogues and mimics when applied in minute quantities at appropriate time and thereby enhances the commercial traits. On application of JH analogueBackuchiol rich extract from another plant Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. (CC) produced an increase of 15 cocoon weight and shell weight. This technology is simple, affordable and could be scaled to industrial level.
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder with preschool-age onset.Thought to affect 3 to 5% of all school-age children (Rohde (Vasconcelos et al, 2003).It is characterized by easily recognizable symptoms of age-inappropriate hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and impulsivity (Rohde et al a global health problem, whose effects range from poor academic performance to psychosocial problems.To diagnose ADHD accurately and treat it effecti multidisciplinary, multimodal approach that involves psychosocial and psychopharmacological interventions (Rhode et al, 1999) (Vasconcelos et al, 2003) Obstacles to successful diagnosis and treatment include the prevalence of myths about the disorder (Rohde, 2004).Characteristics that one may be observed in persons with ADHD include excessive movement of extremities and inability to sit still for extended periods of time, aggressive behavior and sudden mood swings, and carelessness and absent mindedness that may manifest themselves as inattentiveness in class and contribute to impaired academic performance (Knipp, 2006) (Sax, Kautz, 2003).
In Australia, 18% of the population, representing around one in five Australians, experience or are diagnosed with some form of arthritis. This equates to about 3.85 million Australians. The 2008 Crosby Textor Public Opinion Poll (Chong 2012) shows that Australians are more worried about developing arthritis than any other disease. The average cost in terms of arthritis treatment per person per year is $6200, with 61% of arthritis costs borne by the individuals themselves. Glucosamine is an over the-counter complementary medicine marketed for the treatment and relief of various types of arthritis; however, it is only clinically indicated for osteoarthritis. The existing research is conflicting regarding its efficacy. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore consumer perception of the efficacy of, and tolerance for, glucosamine preparations in inflammatory joint diseases. Method: The first component of the study was a qualitative observational survey based, with a 20-question survey administered to members of the community to capture their personal experience of the efficacy and toxicity of glucosamine. Survey questions were based on a visual pain and joint function scale. The second part of the study was an analysis based on an unidentifiable historical patient report to investigate if patients use glucosamine alone or with other medications indicated for the treatment of arthritis, what form of glucosamine salt was used, how long they have been using glucosamine and at what dose. Results: Out of 87 participants (aged 40–84 years, both male and female), 91.9% and 91.7% stated that glucosamine reduced their pain and improved their joint movement respectively. Pain was perceived to be reduced by 3–4 points (out of a possible 5 or more) in 46.5% of participants and 1–2 points’ improvement out of possible 5 or more in joint movement was found in 51.7% of participants. Sixty participants who used glucosamine for six months or more indicated a reduction in their pain and improvement in their joint function by at least 1 point on the scale ranging up to 5 points. The majority of the 60 participants who used glucosamine for six months or more indicated a pain improvement of 3–4 points on the scale. Six participants indicated that glucosamine was not effective in reducing their pain, and four participants indicated that it did not improve their joints function; those participants took glucosamine for less than six months. All others (n=17) had less significant improvement ( Discussion: This study provided insight on the possible benefits of glucosamine in relieving oxidative stress associated with arthritis, given its strong antioxidant activity. Critical analysis of the literature revealed that most studies that reported effectiveness of glucosamine used glucosamine sulphate whilst concluding that glucosamine was not effective when used in the hydrochloride formulation. Few studies investigated the effectiveness of glucosamine in other types of arthritis and no research has been conducted on the antioxidant activity of glucosamine in arthritis treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that health professionals have a degree of confidence in the benefits of glucosamine as a complementary treatment for osteoarthritis. Five out of 87 participants had rheumatoid arthritis and, whilst this is a small percentage of the total sample, they reported that it was effective. It is therefore recommended that further research be conducted on the efficacy of glucosamine in different types of arthritis and examining the antioxidant role of glucosamine given the oxidative stress associated with arthritis.
Human commensalStaphylococcus aureus has become one of the important reason of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) today.Among them methicillin resistant aureus (MRSA) play significant role in these SSTIs and some of them are becoming multidrug resistant.Although multidrug resistant strains of these MRSA isolates are more prevalent in healthcare associated skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) but now a days they are increasingly reported in those SSTIs that are associated with community settings.Here we presented a case series about increasing incidence of multidrug resistance among CA-MRSA causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs).
Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus tuberculosis . Relapse, defaulter and treatment failure are one of the major public health concerns in the South-East Asia Region. These cases are in increasing in recent years in Nepal. This study attempts to find out the factors associated with relapse, defaulter and treatment failure. Materials and Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted in three purposively selected districts namely Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa of Eastern Nepal. Altogether 67 of relapse, defaulter and treatment failure cases were collected from different DOTS referral centers of these three districts. Univariate and Bivariate analysis were performed to find out the associated factors. Results: The majority of collected cases were found to be relapse 65.7% and 29.9% then treatment failure 4.5%. The mean age of respondent was 49.01 year two third were male and majority were married. More than half of respondent unemployed. Nearly two third of respondents were illiterate. Nearly 40% respondent had family income in range of 10,000 -20,000 per month. Most of them (64%) resid area. Most of them had cross ventilation in sleeping rooms. Nearly 90% respondents were non-smoker and 21% respondents took alcohol habitually. Conclusions: The study revealed that there was significant association between with relapse and defaulter. However, there was no association found between smoking cigarettes, alcoholism, illicit drug use and economic status. This study could be helpful to the concerned authority and stakeholders in making plan and policy related to relapse, defaulter and treatment failure associated with different occupational groups. is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium Relapse, defaulter and treatment failure are one of the major public health East Asia Region. These cases are in increasing in recent years in Nepal. This study attempts to find out the factors associated with relapse, defaulter and : A cross sectional study was conducted in three purposively districts namely Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa of Eastern Nepal. Altogether 67 cases of relapse, defaulter and treatment failure cases were collected from different DOTS referral centers of these three districts. Univariate and Bivariate analysis were performed to ses were found to be relapse 65.7% and defaulter 29.9% then treatment failure 4.5%. The mean age of respondent was 49.01 years, more than two third were male and majority were married. More than half of respondents were ondents were illiterate. Nearly 40% respondent had 20,000 per month. Most of them (64%) resided in urban area. Most of them had cross ventilation in sleeping rooms. Nearly 90% respondents were alcohol habitually. revealed that there significant there was association This study could be helpful to the concerned authority and stakeholders in making plan and policy related to relapse, defaulter and treatment failure associated with different occupational groups.
in any medium, the is Nerve stiffness associated with limb movements was a challenge for sonoelastography in the diagnosis of sciatic nerve entrapment in deep gluteal syndrome. The sciatic nerve was scanned by ultrasound strain elastography, during limb movements, in healthy persons (62) and in patients with deep gluteal syndrome (108). The results were presented by “B” mod, color maps and strain ratio. In flexion movements sciatic nerve diameters were statistically significantly lower, than in extension movement in both groups (p<0.001). Patients with deep gluteal syndrome, had significantly lower diameters of sciatic nerves (p<0.001), than the healthy group of persons. The group of healthy persons had significant increase of strain value (p<0.001) from extension to flexion movement of leg. The group of patients with deep gluteal syndrome had significant increase of strain value (p<0.001) in exten and in flexion movement of leg, than the healthy persons. In deep gluteal syndrome the specificity of method was 93.5%. sensitivity was 88.9%, with accuracy of 90.6%. Strain elastography imaging is currently the only diagnostic procedure based on the nerve stiffness with crucial information about the degree of nerve entrapment. Nerve stiffness associated with limb movements was a challenge for sonoelastography in rapment in deep gluteal syndrome. The sciatic nerve was scanned by ultrasound strain elastography, during limb movements, in healthy persons (62) and in patients with deep gluteal syndrome (108). The results were presented by “B” mod, ratio. In flexion movements sciatic nerve diameters were statistically significantly lower, than in extension movement in both groups (p<0.001). Patients with deep gluteal syndrome, had significantly lower diameters of sciatic nerves (p<0.001), than ealthy group of persons. The group of healthy persons had significant increase of strain value (p<0.001) from extension to flexion movement of leg. The group of patients with deep gluteal syndrome had significant increase of strain value (p<0.001) in extension and in flexion movement of leg, than the healthy persons. In deep gluteal syndrome the specificity of method was 93.5%. sensitivity was 88.9%, with accuracy of 90.6%. Strain elastography imaging is currently the only diagnostic procedure based on the assessment of nerve stiffness with crucial information about the degree of nerve entrapment.
The applications of diesel engines are more as they have more output power and thermal efficiency.But their emissions effect the environment and human being health.is a lot of scope to search for alternative fuels which promise better perform emission behaviors of internal combustion (IC) engines.In this regard dairy scum oil methyl ester (DSOME) is a promising sustainable substitute fuel for conventional diesel engines.The standard diesel engine parameters are optimum for diesel but The present investigation made a effort to use dairy waste scum as a potential source of alternative fuel for diesel engine.In first phase of work, different blends of DSOME (B10, B20, B30 and B100) are prepared and studied their effect on emission characteristics.From the study it's observed that DSOME performance and emission characteristics among other blends hence it is optimized and carried for further investigation.In second phase of work injector opening pressure (IOP) of the standard engine is modified from 210 bar to 240 bar in step of 10 bar (210, 220, 230 and 240 bars) to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the diesel engine.From the experimental results it's revealed that increasing the IOP from 210 bar to 230 bar with DSOME-B20, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is increased while brake specific flue consumption (BSFC), CO, and HC emissions are reduced however, NOx (oxides of nitrogen) is increased marginally.The combustion parameters namely heat release rate (HRR) and cylinder pressure are enhanced significantly with DSOME 230 bar IOP.Based on experimental results it's conclude that 230 bar IOP is the optimum for DSOME-B20 fuel blend operation in diesel engine.
Thalassemia is the name of a group of genetic blood disorders characterized by anemia due to enhanced red blood cell destruction.Hemoglobin, the oxygen red blood cells consists of two different proteins, an alpha and a beta.If the body doesn't produce enough of either of these two proteins, the red blood cells become defective and cannot carry sufficient oxygen.The resulting anemia is usually severe with several health problems like enlarged spleen, bone deformities, fatigue and requires regular life transfusion, therapy and medical supervision.Thalassemias can't be prevented because they're inherited, "inherited" means they are passed on from parents to children.However, these bleeding diso birth through prenatal tests.Thalassemia is a common inherited disease in the world.India accounts for 10% of the total world thalassemia population and approximately 1 in 30 in the general population is carrier of the mutated gene and the cases may increase as it is a hereditary disorder, so, it is important to take into consideration about this disorder as it may prove deadly one.And thus the intensity of this disorder can be lowered by diagnosing and taking proper treatments.
Aim:To evaluate the satisfaction level of patients, two years after post dental implant therapy.Objective: Knowledge regarding patient's satisfaction will help motivate other patients to undergo dental implant therapy.This will also encourage them to undergo the treatment without the stress or anxiety which others might have.Understanding the patients satisfaction level will help the dentist understand the patients point of view and help improve on his/her methods.Materials and Method: a total of 50 patients, who had undergone dental implant therapy about two years ago were evaluated.They were all given questionnaires to fill up based on Bjarni E. Pjeturrsson's article that was published in the year 2004.Result: From the study that was conducted, we concluded that about 98% of the patients were satisfied with dental implant treatment.88% of the patients were able to chew properly using their crown.86% were satisfied with the phonetics and 88% for the aesthetics of the implant placed.80% were able to clean their implants without any difficulty. Conclusion:It was concluded from the study conducted, that most of the patients were satisfied with the treatment they received.It was also noted that more percentage of females were esthetically concerned.
Background: Drug adherence to occupation induced bronchial asthma is one the key drivers long term controller medications to improve prevention and management among persistent asthmatic patients. Objectives: To evaluate occupation induced bronchial asthma on new manifestation questionnaire based clinical study conducted by tertiary care clinic in rural area in Tirupur. Methods: This study was to assess medication adherence by self report method to understand various determinants of medication non enhance adherence using the strategies of counseling, education, and interviewing the patient. Results: A total of 57 of participants answered all the questionnaire.64.91% of the patients was male and 35.08% were female. 12.28% of the participants were vegetar 88.71% were non-vegetarian. 47.36% of participants were having the habit of smocking/alcoholic or tobacco consumption and 52.63% were not having. 49.12% of participants were predicted the presence of asthma. Conclusion: was observed between the mean manifestation based asthma screening questionnaire scores of asthmatic participants. The most commonly used measures of asthma in epidemiological and clinical studies are symptoms data, specifically cough, wheeze, shortness of br chest tightness. The manifestation based asthma screening questionnaire addresses the above 4 symptoms with specific triggers, although these triggers have yet to be validated.
Arsenic compounds are being popularly used in Ayurveda Haratala being important among them.It is commonly used in treating the diseases like Sleshmaroga, Raktapitta, Vatarakta, Kustha etc.Haratala arsenic with two molecules of Arsenic and three molecules of Sulphur (AS Haratala is Srestha and used for the present study.Haratala Shodhana shortens the life span, causes diseases of Kapha Spotha, Snayu Sankocha.Hence Shodhana of Haratala process of removal of physical, chemical impurities and potentiating of the drugs.Generally Shuddha Haratala is not given alone.It is administered along with herbal drugs or in the form of Rasamanikya or also as a main ingredient in most of the popular formulations like Samirapannaga Rasa, Vatagajankusha Rasa Medias explained in literature for Shodhana of Haratala.purification the quality and pharmacological properties on the change in properties the therapeutic effect may also vary.The present study includes Shodhana of Patra Haratala as per Classical reference Shodana of Patra Haratala is done by Kushmanda Swarasa Churnodaka.Standard Operative Procedure of the process is done in the pharmaceutical study.The analytical study reveals the standards which can be given for Haratala and Shuddha Haratala of various Samples.The reveal that there are some changes which give us the idea regarding role of a particular media in purification of a substance, where it adds some properties of the media used.
Aim:To study the bacterial load in pilot lamp.Objective: This study focuses on finding out the bacterial load in pilot lamp in dentistry.Background: Bacterial load is the measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, medium.Apart from the habitation of bacteria in different areas of oral cavity, bacteria can also be present in dental armamentarium like dental chair, pilot lamp, dental hand piece, other storage cupboards in clinic, etc,.These bacteria don't habit these places naturally, but are mainly due to contamination.This contamination largely results from the operation of these armamentarium using gloved hands used previously for a patient.This study will thus focus on the bacterial load contamination in these armamentarium.Method: Swabs were collected from dental clinics and were inoculated into infusion (BHI) Agar using spread culture plate technique.The culture plate was incubated for 24h at 37C and observed The Colony forming Unit (CFU's) where manually counted and tabulated as CFU/ microlitre.Results: In this study the most predominant organisms found was micrococcus and enterococcus.
Aim:In patients with cirrhosis of liver with portal hypertension, one of the important cause for lower gastrointestinal bleed is portal hypertensive colopathy.In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of colopathy in patients with cirrhosis of liver and factors associated with it.Methods: We evaluated the liver function test, ascitic fluid analysis, com prothrombin time and child pugh class with colonoscopic findings in 25 patients ov period of 6 months.All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and full length colonoscopy to observe changes due to portal hypertensio Results: We found portal hypertensive colopathy in 17 (68%) patients.patients solitary vascular ectasia in 9 (36%), diffuse vascular ect in 7 (28%) and rectal varix in 1 (4%) were noted.There was no significant relationship between Child-Turcott-Pugh class (CTP) and prevalence of portal hypertensive colopathy.Colonic mucosal changes were significantly associated with presence of esophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy.Laboratory parameters such as platelet count, bilirubin level, International normalised ratio, serum albumin level and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level were not related to presence of portal hypertensive colopathy.High serum ascities albumin gradient (SAAG) ascites in cirrhotic patients was associated with occurrence of portal hypertensive colopathy. Conclusion:Portal hypertensive colopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lower GI bleed in the clinical scenario of chronic liver disease.Patients with esophageal varix, portal hypertensive gastropathy, high SAAG ascites, and CTP class B and C should be submitted for full length colonoscopic examination.
