The fountain head for weighing one unit of a domestic currency in-terms of another within an international framework is rooted in the famous Gold Standard proposed by the Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs). This brand of thought had since been practiced and experienced in numerous trade ties that Nigeria had had with China. Like other bilateral agreements, it sets to re-define and deepen the two countries’ economic space. Thus, this paper shed lights on Naira - Yuan Diplomacy as a Pathway for Unlocking Nigeria’s Manufacturing Sub-Sector Potentials.The manufacturing industries are engines of economic prosperity. Facilitation of job creation space and poverty reducing strategies are core values in manufacturing too. This paper conclusively presume that the exchange rate pass-through mechanism can transmit price increase and macroeconomic instability from China and supply shocks to the Nigerian economy (especially from manufactured products) when adequate provisions are not domestically taken. Furthermore, the Naira-Yuan diplomacy will increase imports from China thereby increase her foreign income since Nigeria will be spending more on Chinese manufactured products, hence, increase the national income of China. The policy implication of this finding is that the net exports of China will rise faster and add to her expansion of domestic income instead of Nigeria. The paper therefore calls upon Nigeria to be proactive in ensuring a stable trade and exchange rate policies to deepen technical innovation for local manufacturing tools to boost output rather than depending more on China. Received: 18 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
When all are confined to respective homes for months together, missing the ‘world’ of office or college environments, there comes an alternative ‘world’ of internet, or the virtual world, to do all business, and also to get connected with near and dear ones. When the internet ‘time-spent’ goes up significantly, it is of academic interest to study and analyse the consumption pattern and purpose of use. While many publications, based on primary and secondary data are now available on this topic, even on recent pandemic period, there is want of in-depth qualitative studies. This present paper presents an interview based qualitative study, taking a small sample of 30 individual ‘internet consumers’ from different demographic profile, from Odisha, India.
A r t i c l e H i s t o r y : Received: 13 Jun 2021 Revised: 19 Jul 2021 Accepted: 12 Aug 2021 Available Online: 05 Sep 2021
Article History: Received: 13 Jul 2021 Revised: 19 Aug 2021 Accepted: 12 Sep 2021 Available Online: 05 Oct 2021
Growing complexities in the indigence and global business environment, the demand for Corporate Risk Management (CRM) has fostered greatly. Equally, Financial Performance (FP) and Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) are believed to be vital parameters for assessing any organisation's success. Both FP and SGR are get affected by different risks. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first endeavour meant to empirically shed light on the Impact of CRM on a firm’s FP and SGR. By taking a sample of 160 listed Non-Financial firms from emerging and developed Countries stocks markets, on the bases of market capitalization, covering a period of 12 years (2007-2018). The CRM index has been constructed by using the Principal Component Analysis technique. Panel data fixed-effect Model applied on the bases of Hausman test. The results articulated that CRM has a significant and positive impact on ROE and SGR in the context of both cases. In contrast, inflation negatively relates to both scenarios, but the size and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have a positive and significant relationship with ROE and SGR. However, in Pakistan's case, Size and GDP have articulated adverse effect on ROE and SGR.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected industries to amass consumers, with the education industry not being an exception. For-profit higher education institutions (HEIs) in Indonesia were forced to rethink their marketing strategies amidst COVID-19 restrictions and a changing economy. Five private HEIs from four different cities in Indonesia have been the subjects of this study, focusing on how parents' demands and the pandemic drove changes in these HEIs' 7P marketing mix. In-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of these HEIs' marketing teams. It was found that three of the seven Ps in the HEIs, as mentioned above,' marketing mix, were changed (price, promotion, and process). It was concluded that Indonesian HEIs bear a distinct producer-consumer relationship that hinders patrons from making demands as freely as they would with other types of services. Future research should then look into this newly-discovered producer-consumer dynamic in other levels of education.
The study investigated ecopreneurship practices and their effect on innovative performances of selected agro-allied businesses in Nigeria. The study used primary and secondary data. The primary data consist of a structured questionnaire in a five-point Likert scale format administered to three hundred and forty (340) respondents, comprising of owners/managers of agro-allied businesses in North-central, Nigeria that were randomly selected representing the target population of the study. While the secondary data comprised of information sourced from records of institutions in the agriculture sector among the agro-allied owners and managers, as well as from published sources. The data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences as well as Z-test to test the formulated null hypothesis. The findings revealed that ecopreneurial practices have significant influences on the competitive advantage of agro-allied businesses in North Central Nigeria. The study recommends among other things; that the Nigeria government should strengthen its external relations towards establishing national standards for the quality of the environment and the implementation of the environmental regulations. They should take further proactive measures through state-level ministries of environment to encourage the ecopreneurs to develop more environmentally friendly products and as well as enhance their level of involvement in a green production practice.
