Objective: This study aims to analyse the mediating role of employees' intrinsic motivation in the negative relationship between workplace bullying and work engagement. It also aims to examine whether the victim's gender moderates the relationship between workplace bullying and intrinsic motivation. Methodology: The proposed moderated mediation model was tested using a sample of 1,000 participants of both sexes, representative of the Spanish salaried workforce (sampling error = 3.1%; confidence margin = 95.5%; p = q = 50). Previously validated scales were employed to measure all constructs. Both the mediation and the gender-moderated mediation model analyses were conducted using PROCESS v4.2 (Models 4 and 7). Results: The findings not only confirmed that workplace bullying is a significant negative predictor of work engagement but also revealed additional underlying mechanisms through which this relationship operates. Specifically, intrinsic motivation was found to mediate the association between workplace bullying and work engagement. However, this mediating effect was not moderated by gender. These results suggest a breach of the psychological contract in organisational contexts where workplace bullying is tolerated and provide further insight into how this process affects employees' attitudes. Limitations: Given the fact that this is a cross-sectional study, the potential influence of common method bias was assessed. The gender variable was tested solely in binary form; consequently, the findings may not be fully generalisable across different geographical and cultural contexts. Practical implications: The results highlight several implications for human resource management, such as the need for improved prevention, identification, and management of workplace harassment; training programs in social and leadership competencies among people managers; initiatives aimed at avoiding gender stereotypes and tailoring leadership strategies by gender; and the promotion of an ethical organisational culture.
Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between environmental awareness, environmental concern and environmentally responsible behaviours, while accounting for demographic factors, among employees in the aviation industry - an industry of critical importance to international trade that remains under continuous scrutiny due to its environmental impact. Methodology: A questionnaire was administered to aviation employees, and the data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests. Results: The findings reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between environmental awareness, environmental concern and environmentally responsible behaviours. However, findings also indicate that having awareness and concern alone is not sufficient to ensure the adoption of responsible environmental actions. Limitations: As with similar studies, the responses to the survey rely on participants' self-reports, which may not accurately reflect actual behaviour due to the influence of social norms and the tendency toward socially desirable responses. Furthermore, the scope of this study is limited to the Turkish population, and cultural norms and demographic differences may lead to variations in the results. Practical implications: Innovative approaches should be developed to increase environmental awareness, and multidisciplinary research should be conducted to determine the factors affecting environmentally friendly behaviour.
Objective: This study examined the responses of banking investors to the first-time issuance of sovereign green bonds (SGBs) in the context of the Indian economy, one of the largest emerging economies. A critical nexus exists between financial systems and sustainability-related initiatives, particularly in emerging economies. India issued its first sovereign green bond on 25 January 2023. This study investigates the effect of SGB issuances on banking investors. Design/Methodology: Daily stock prices of 36 listed banks were collected over 203 trading days to calculate abnormal returns. This study uses the event study method to analyse the effect of the first SGB issuance. A cross-sectional regression was applied to firm-specific data. Results: The event study results indicate that, overall, bank stocks have experienced a significant cumulative negative impact. However, private sector banks exhibited the highest responsiveness to the event, as demonstrated by the magnitude and statistical significance of abnormal returns. Further regression analysis reveals that larger size and enhanced capital adequacy consistently improve banks’ cumulative abnormal returns, suggesting that banking investors prioritise financial robustness over ESG performance in short-term market responses. Theoretical and practical implications: Indian banking investors acknowledge the presence of SGBs; however, they appear to exhibit a lower propensity towards these instruments compared to alternative options. For emerging economies, such as India, the implementation of a standardised reporting framework for sustainable finance instruments, including green bonds, is crucial for enhancing investor confidence and ensuring market transparency.
Objective: This study aims to fill the notable gap in empirical research on responsible consumption within the fair trade coffee sector, an area significantly under-explored despite its social importance. Thus, this research aims to enhance understanding of the complex interplay of factors that build loyalty among responsible consumers within the context of fair trade coffee consumption. Specifically, it examines mediation relationships along the cause-and-effect chain, and structural relationships between perceived value, consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty, and considers social factors (social value) and utilitarian factors (perceived quality) as precursors of perceived value. Methodology: This study uses the structural equation model and multi-group analysis to test three hypothesised mediating effects in a sample of 177 fair trade coffee consumers. Results: Findings reveal that perceived value fully mediates the impact of social value and perceived quality on consumer satisfaction in a fair trade coffee consumption context. While consumer satisfaction significantly influences consumer loyalty, the model did not fully support its mediating role between perceived value and consumer loyalty. Limitations: The quantitative approach has limited the exploration of aspects related to the consumer experience, such as the sensory and emotional dimensions associated with fair trade coffee consumption. Additionally, the study’s focus solely on fair trade coffee consumers has limited the comparison of conventional coffee consumers. Practical implications: Managers must prioritise strategies that enhance perceived value, emphasising both product quality and the social impact of fair trade coffee. Effective communication strategies are crucial to convey this value proposition to responsible consumers, driving customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Objective: In this study, the role of gender stereotypes is examined in terms of evaluating the competencies and employability of recent university graduates. It focuses on how these stereotypes may influence employer perception and assessment of performance in the workplace. Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed using computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI) with 440 employers drawn from a database of 6,524 companies. Data were analysed using SPSS Statistics 25, including descriptive statistics, MANOVA, ANOVA and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis). Results: Overall, no significant gender differences were observed for most competencies in either univariate or multivariate analyses. However, non-parametric tests revealed a small albeit statistically significant gender difference in 'action and performance at work', indicating that this specific competency may be subject to subtle gender biases in perception and evaluation. Limitations: The study is limited to self-reported employer evaluations, which may be subjective, and focuses on graduates from just one university, which may limit the extent to which they can be extrapolated. Practical implications: The findings stress how important it is to address gender biases in terms of evaluating competencies and performance. Organisations should adopt equity-aware evaluation practices, foster inclusive environments and ensure that assessment criteria take into account different expressions of professional competence.
Objective: There is a need to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation. This study investigates eco-innovation performance in an emerging economy. Integrating behavioural contagion theory with the dynamic capabilities framework, we model how firms' 'sensing, seizing, and transforming' capabilities translate external pressures and internal culture into a sustainable competitive advantage. Methodology: This study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyse survey data from 395 managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Vietnamese hospitality sector. Results: The findings reveal a robust causal pathway. A firm's sensing capabilities-shaped by external pressures, a cooperative and innovative culture, and technology adoption-are significant predictors of its seizing capability, manifested as eco-innovation commitment. This commitment directly and positively drives transforming capability in the form of tangible eco-innovation performance. Our findings indicate a 'green technology paradox', where technology adoption enhances commitment but not performance, highlighting a critical implementation gap. Limitations: This study was limited to small and medium-sized enterprises. Future research should validate the model in different institutional settings and incorporate objective indicators, such as R&D expenditures or patent data, to substantiate the findings. Practical implications: This study offers managers an actionable framework for orchestrating internal and external drivers to enhance resource efficiency, ensure regulatory alignment, and achieve positive eco-innovation outcomes. While context-specific, it provides a useful blueprint for fostering sustainable competitive advantage in other emerging markets.
Objective: This study examines the transformative role of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, within the tourism industry, and focuses on its current applications, near-future implications and critical areas for academic inquiry. Special attention is paid to how GenAI is reshaping consumer engagement, service personalisation and destination marketing strategies. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted utilising the Web of Science database and, following a rigorous manual screening process, 44 documents were identified. The analysis delves into thematic trends, opportunities and challenges associated with GenAI adoption in tourism. Results: Existing studies mainly focus on GenAI’s ability to personalise tourism experiences and identify opportunities within the sector. However, its role in sustainability, branding and customer relationship management remains underexplored, and prevailing optimism has led to limited attention to risks and threats associated with GenAI adoption. Limitations: The study is constrained by its reliance on the Web of Science database, potentially omitting insights from other academic repositories. Furthermore, the scope is limited to the existing literature, leaving real-world applications and industry perspectives largely unexplored. Practical implications: The findings underscore the necessity of adopting a balanced and cautious approach towards the integration of GenAI in tourism. Emphasis is placed on promoting sustainable and responsible practices while addressing the risks associated with technological adoption. This research serves as a foundational reference for academics and industry stakeholders seeking to navigate the evolving intersection of GenAI, destination marketing and tourism strategies.
Objective and interest of the work: This study aims to assess e-commerce services and delivery strategies from a co-creation perspective, focusing on customer preferences in the evolving European retail landscape. Specifically, it seeks to support the redesign of delivery strategies by analysing how consumer expectations and engagement can influence the development of value-added services. By analysing the evolution of consumer purchasing patterns in response to social and environmental changes, the study investigates how retail companies can adapt their business models to meet customer expectations. Methodology: A quantitative research approach was employed, analysing data from 521 participants. The study collected a range of consumer preferences and socioeconomic characteristics to cluster the emerging trends. Results: The findings indicate that complementary business models can coexist, shaped by diverse customer expectations. Additionally, the level of service demand appears consistent across different income and occupation levels. There is an interest in value co-creation, specifically through scheduled deliveries or locker pickups, among individuals with higher occupational levels. In parallel, the study reveals the benefits of combining the service-dominant logic with the co-creation value in the analysis of customer needs and business strategy. Limitations: The study is limited to a sample of 521 geographically distributed European participants, which may not fully capture the diversity of consumer behaviour across all regions. Practical implications: The research identifies new purchasing trends. The study therefore supports the design of flexible retail business models based on customer-centric services, as well as sustainable, cyber-safe and collaborative deliveries.
Objective and interest of the work: This research proposes a replicable methodology to quantify the economic impact of cartels, focusing on the European truck manufacturers' cartel (1997-2011), one of the largest in scope and financial penalties in EU history (& euro;3.8B). The case involves six major medium and heavy truck manufacturers in theEuropean Economic Area, whose coordinated actions caused severe market distortions and significant harm to road freight transport companies. Methodology: Due to the lack of reliable public data on actual truck prices, the study introduces an innovative approach: annual depreciation allowances (ada) as a proxy for medium and heavy truck prices. Data from 30,000 Spanish transport firms (1992-2015) were analysed via fixed-effects regression models accounting for revenue quartiles, macroeconomic indicators and the period during which the cartel was active. Results: The cartel resulted in an average price overcharge of 18%. The effect was disproportionately higher for smaller companies. Those operating one or two trucks experienced overcharges of up to 27%. These findings highlight the role of firm size and bargaining power in determining the extent of damage caused by collusion. Limitations: The study is limited to the Spanish market and does not rely on direct price observations. Nonetheless, ada offers a robust alternative given the data constraints. Practical implications: This methodological proposal offers policymakers and competition authorities a scalable tool to estimate economic harm in cartelised markets. It provides insight into the distributional effects of anticompetitive practices, especially on smaller firms, and supports proportional sanctioning based on firm-level impact.
Objective: In virtual financial services, trust, transparency, and communication are crucial. This study investigates investor satisfaction and loyalty towards crowdlending platforms, using the Net Promoter Score (NPS). It identifies the conditions necessary for achieving high NPS values and sheds light on how platform managers can strengthen their relationships with investors. Methodology: The study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) with survey data from 96 investors from one of the largest crowdlending platforms in Spain. FsQCA is a useful tool for identifying the complex sets of conditions that explain why some investors become promoters in the NPS system. A high NPS is conceived as a set-membership outcome resulting from seven conditions that capture investors’ market experience and engagement: multi-platform use, diversification into other assets, financial knowledge, risk propensity, tenure on the platform, access frequency, and social media followership. Results: The results reveal multiple equifinal pathways to a high NPS rather than a single optimal formula. Across the most consistent solutions, a high level of financial knowledge and digital engagement (notably social media followership) frequently appear as core conditions. Tenure and frequency of platform access play contingent roles, depending on investors’ risk and diversification profiles. Limitations: This study is based on data from a single platform with a small sample size, potentially limiting the extent to which the results can be generalised across different markets or countries. Practical implications: The study extends crowdlending satisfaction research by offering a configurational explanation of the NPS and providing platform managers with actionable guidance on investor segmentation, transparency, and engagement design.
Objective: This study addresses a research gap by analysing how the media and academia covered, influenced, and responded to the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) during the initial stages of its democratisation in 2023, a moment of profound disruption. It focuses on how AI policy was portrayed during a pivotal year marked by major legislative advancements in the EU, including the AI Act. Methodology: The study uses bibliometric analysis of scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science and descriptive and semantic analysis of journalistic content registered in Factiva. Results: Peaks in media interest coincide with legislative milestones in the EU. The discourse on AI regulation in both the academic literature and the media centres on three key areas: (1) technology, (2) risk and security, and (3) healthcare, with a focus on the potential improvements offered by generative AI. Limitations: This study focuses on a limited timeframe, making it sensitive to short-term trends. Also, the databases used for the analysis exclude perspectives from social media and non-indexed sources that may nonetheless influence public opinion. These limitations can be addressed in future research. Practical implications: This study shows the differences and similarities between the media and the academic literature in their reporting on AI regulation, a topic of great social interest. It highlights the need for greater collaboration between policymakers, AI developers and society. This research also offers a framework for analysing other disruptive technologies, providing insights into how diverse stakeholders respond to regulation in the early stages of technology democratisation. This framework can be used for future developments such as agentic AI.
Objective: The aim of this research is to study the factors that influence online shopping intention in the fashion sector, as well as to propose a model that operationalizes the varMethodology: A questionnaire was distributed to 223 students from four Ecuadorian universities. A PLS-SEM model was developed for the analysis, with perceived risks, convenience and costs as factors that affect trust in the online seller, which in turn has a direct effect on shopping intention. Additionally, the mediating and moderating effects of shopping frequency on the relationship between trust and shopping intention were analyzed. Results: Convenience, costs and, above all, perceived risks affect trust and, consequently, shopping intention. However, although trust does not affect shopping frequency, it does influence intention. Thus, no significance was found for shopping frequency as a mediator variable. It was found that shopping frequency acts as a moderating variable between trust and intention, a relationship that is weaker the higher the frequency, while a low frequen-cy increases the interaction between these two constructs. Limitations: For prospective studies, it is recommended to apply this model to random and quota samples of customers from different genders, age groups and income segments. It is also recommended that the model be applied to other countries and other sectors of e-commerce. Practical implications: The proposed model provides a useful tool for organizations to improve their services and increase their customers' interest in online shopping.
Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of family-work conflict on job perfor-- mance in a work-from-home context and the role of the conscientiousness personality trait in this effect. Methodology: The research model and hypotheses were formed within the framework of studies and theories on the subject. The research data were obtained from 290 employees from different sectors in a province in Turkey through the convenience sampling method and survey technique.Results: As a result of the analyses, it was observed that family-work conflict negatively affected job performance in the case of working from home. In addition, it has been deter-- mined that the personality trait of conscientiousness plays a moderating role in the effect of family-work conflict on job performance in working-from-home conditions. In other words, when the level of conscientiousness was high, the effect of family-work conflict on job performance decreased. Therefore, with the findings obtained, a contribution has been made to the studies on the dynamics of working from home and to the literature on family-work conflict, which has been overshadowed by work-family conflict, and it has been proved that personality traits are important in this process. Limitations: An important limitation of the study is that the research data were obtained cross-sectionally and from a single country and one province within that country. Practical implications: In line with the findings, organisation managers can increase the job performance of employees by providing training to increase the responsibility levels of employees, selecting employees with high responsibility characteristics in the recruitment process, and adopting supportive policies to ensure that employees can establish a balance between family and work.
Objective: The subject matter of this study focuses on the comparison of user behaviour in the real world and the virtual world, with special emphasis on the phenomenon of user identity dissociation. This dissociation refers to the ability of individuals to separate or distort their real identity when interacting in digital environments. Methodology: The methodology will consist of a systematic literature review, collecting and analysing relevant previous studies to extract patterns and conclusions about user behaviour and identity dissociation in virtual environments. Results: User behaviour in virtual environments shares patterns with the real world but differs in the frequency and combination of responses. Identity dissociation in virtual spaces, driven by anonymity and lack of nonverbal cues, can lead to antisocial behaviours and impulsive decision-making. This negatively impacts platforms by reducing user satisfaction and damaging their credibility. Limitations: The study’s limitations include a small document sample, a short research timeframe and the potential exclusion of relevant documents due to the selected databases, indicating a need for further research. Practical implications: This study provides technology professionals, especially in virtual realities and the metaverse, with insights to improve company outcomes, marketing and communication strategies by enhancing platform design, regulatory policies and audience engagement. Specifically, integrating adaptive feedback systems and immersive storytelling can enhance user satisfaction and brand loyalty.
Objective: Digitalisation and sustainability arise as two key issues on the agenda of any agent working in the tourism sector today. For that reason, this paper aims to carry out a review of the literature on digitalisation and sustainability in tourism and hospitality. Methodology: To that end, 100 articles are analysed through a systematic literature review in accordance with various classifications such as national context, study scope, research methods, statistical techniques, technologies and topics. Results: The main contribution is a classification of the digitalisation and sustainability area within tourism and hospitality at three levels: MACRO (supra-environment and trends); MESO (enterprises and other organisations); and MICRO (individuals: tourists, employees and residents). Limitations: The most important limitation lies in the choice of the works to be examined, namely: articles published in indexed journals within the category of Hospitality, Sports and Tourism on WoS. We thus discarded articles related to other fields, as well as books or conference papers. Practical implications: An underlying need exists to manage ICTs ethically on a long-term basis and with a sense of social responsibility, insofar as, although tourism and its associated agents offer plenty of opportunities, they likewise pose multiple challenges for both the environment and society.
Objectives: Higher education institutions have a mission to train and equip tomorrow’s leaders with a comprehensive set of skills they can use anywhere in the world. For example, the creation of the Erasmus Programme in Europe became a driving force for study mobility among university students. At the same time, many institutions have also organised academic trips to give students more specialised experiences that complement the knowledge provided in the classroom and open up new environments for cultural immersion. However, despite the existence of studies on this aspect, the diverse objectives of these trips and the use of different terminology to describe them in published research make it difficult to identify them and group them together. The aim of this paper is to present a literature overview of academic trips as a learning tool in higher education. Methodology: The methodology was based on a systematic analysis of the literature, carried out using the Web of Science (WoS) search engine. For this purpose, specific search criteria were employed using various keywords related to academic trips, enabling the construction of a solid corpus of relevant studies. Results: The results of the corpus analysis revealed that works on academic travel experiences in higher education are fragmented given their remarkable terminological diversity, thus making it very difficult for stakeholders to identify them. Most of the papers found belong to the teaching and STEM disciplines, while other papers that have reported interesting findings have gone unnoticed.
Objective: This study examines the role of social capital in mobilising investments for community renewable energy (CRE) initiatives in Spain. Combining sustainability transition theory, resource mobilisation theory and complexity theory, it investigates the involvement of individuals, SMEs and local public authorities in CRE projects and explores how these social capital factors, alongside project diversification and installed renewable energy (RE) capacity, influence investment mobilisation. Methodology: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) approach is applied to analyse a sample of 68 CRE communities in Spain. The study assesses how different configurations of social capital factors and project characteristics contribute to achieving high or low levels of investment mobilisation. Results: Findings confirm equifinality, causal asymmetry and conjunctural causation in CRE investment mobilisation. High installed RE capacity consistently appears in paths leading to high investment. However, a high number of individuals or local public authori-ties does not always correlate with greater investment. The results highlight the complexity of interactions between social capital factors and project characteristics. Limitations: This study focuses on Spain, limiting the generalisability of findings to other geographical contexts. Additionally, the sample includes only CRE communities support-ed by public incentive programs, potentially overlooking other CRE models. Practical implications: Policy frameworks should prioritise increasing installed RE capaci-ty and facilitating SME involvement in CRE initiatives. Local governments play a key role in building trust and driving investment, but their role must be strategically designed to maximise funding. The findings indicate that balancing social capital, project diversity and capacity is crucial for optimising CRE investment mobilisation.
Objective: This study examines the factors influencing cohousing adoption as a sustainable investment strategy among Chinese cooperatives. It addresses the lack of empirical evidence on the adoption of cohousing projects by cooperatives in China, where such initiatives remain less explored than in Western contexts. Methodology: This research integrates the extended unified theory of adoption and use of technology (UTAUT2) with risk theory and trust theory to analyse how the constructs of these models (i.e., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, perceived risk, and perceived trust) affect adoption intention. Data from 102 cooperatives were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results: Habit (collaboration experience) and hedonic motivation (emotional enjoyment) significantly influence cohousing project adoption intention. Traditional predictors (perceived risk and trust) have non-significant effects. These findings indicate that cohousing adoption is driven by emotional and experiential factors rather than functional ones. The findings refine the UTAUT2 by showing that emotional and experiential factors dominate rational predictors in early adoption. Limitations: The sample's predominant focus on technology and energy cooperatives, the cross-sectional study design, and the lack of qualitative data are limitations. Future research should use qualitative approaches and sector-sensitive analyses to explain non-significant predictors and explore contextual moderators of adoption. Practical implications: From a marketing perspective, this study emphasises the role of emotion, community experience, and organisational familiarity in promoting cohousing. It highlights the need for policies and networks supporting pilot initiatives to build trust.
Objective: The aim is to identify the main factors reported in the literature regarding digital transformation (DT) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The goal is also to indicate the optimal trend in this field of study. Methodology: The research is based on bibliometric and co-occurrence analyses. VOSviewer software and Power BI were used for the data analysis. Results: The analysis identifies the main gaps in the literature on DT in SMEs. It also highlights key indicators in this body of research, such as the most commonly used methodologies and the specific variables or dimensions of DT that have been frequently studied but require further refinement or deeper exploration. The bibliometric , co-occurrence analyses shed light on critical concepts such as innovation and digital marketing. Limitations: Future studies could adopt a broader approach to enrich the empirical research on SMEs. For instance, studies could examine how some of the key elements outlined in the managerial implications influence the adoption of DT. Practical implications: Clear managerial implications are provided to guide policies to fos- ter DT in SMEs. The paper emphasises the importance of understanding key parameters such as digital skills.
Objective: This study analyses the conditions that explain citizens' interest in interacting with interactive displays. To achieve this, it applies the psychological ownership theory within the framework of appropriation. Methodology: A sample of 13,643 consumers aged between 18 and 59 years was analysed using an integrated QCA approach. After obtaining the QCA solutions, a regression analysis was performed based on the terms included in these solutions. Results: Interest in interacting with digital signage can be explained either by the perception of advertising digitalisation in out-of-home contexts or by the interaction between this perception and the psychological ownership consumers feel toward their smart-phones. Conversely, the lack of interest is consistently explained by the interaction of negative perceptions of digital signage with an absence of psychological ownership. Limitations: The study is based on a cross-sectional sample, limiting the ability to track the evolution of conditions and results over time. A longitudinal approach would provide valuable insights. Additionally, the use of large-N QCA limits the in-depth analysis of individual cases. Practical implications: To boost investment in digital signage in certain markets, it is crucial to understand consumer perceptions. This study identifies two customer segments for targeted strategies: those motivated by the perception of out-of-home advertising digitalisation and those influenced by the interaction between this perception and smart-phone-related psychological ownership. These highlight the opportunities generated by the application of augmented reality.
