The Working Capital Management checks that company has satisfactory cash flow in order to meet their short term debts and operating expenses. The impact among working capital and firm's profitability is examined for the management of cash cycle management. Three sectors are selected as a sample size: Electricity, Automobiles & Parts and Oil & Gas sectors. The period of the study is from 2009–2012. The data are collect from the official's websites of companies by their annual reports. In this study, (NWC) networking capital and other variables are taken as independent variables and (PFT) Profitability is taken as dependent variable. In the combined analysis the NWC is positive coefficient and significantly impact on profitability. Hence, NADRT is negative coefficient and significant impact on PFT.
Mining decorative and facade stones is considered as a high-risk industry because of high volume of investment, and dealing with various technical and economic variables. Moreover, evaluating and rating of risks when productive risk factors are high is considered as one of the most important and meanwhile most complex risk management processes. Rating project risks is the key section of evaluation phase in risk management process. Therefore, identifying and prioritizing risks can have a significant role in success of a project. The main goal of this study is to present a model for identifying and rating risks due to its importance in decorative and facade stone mines. For this reason firstly, the risks are identified by the technique ofrisk breakdown structure. In next step, ten indexes are determined in order to assess the risks. The experts’ ideas and comments have been collected by preparing Double Comparison Questionnaire of the indexes and a questionnaire for decision-making whichare based on risk breakdown structure. Finally, with utilizing composite Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutionas a composite approach with presenting a more realistic and robust results compared to other methods of decision making, risks have been rated. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Processin determining weights of factors and final rating of risks utilizing these weights is done through prioritizing technique with FuzzyTechnique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. The results show that executive risks and natural disasters have got allocated the highest and lowest risks accordingly.
One of the most important factors in credit processing is to understand the need of the customer before actually processing of the loan. This is true for every kind of loan. Since the point of discussion of this paper is only of housing loan, we would adopt a perspective towards this type of loan only. The sub prime crisis in the United States has shown the entire world the fallout, which the mortgage market can create when the lending goes wrong. It has thus become imperative for each and every country to review their policies towards the same. Taking a leaf further, each and every company, be it a Non-Banking Financial corporation (NBFC) or a bank in each of the countries involved in the business of lending mortgage loans also took stock of their policies and terms & conditions. Critics and some experts might argue that given the technologically advanced systems in place to do credit scoring, it is enough to have certain set of quantitative parameters to do a check. The parameters, which are discussed in the credit scoring software, are primarily quantitative parameters and some qualitative features whose measurements are also quantified. However certain subjective parameters also are required to gauge the complete credentials of the individual (or the set of individuals) applying the said loan. Given the fallout that the world just saw, it is imperative that these qualitative points should also be taken into consideration while doing the analysis. Needless to say, the subjective parameters can surely be used to strengthen the objective parameters.
The human resources of most organisations are properly viewed as their most important asset. The success and failures of the organisations are largely determined by the calibre of its work-force (starting with management) and by the efforts they exert. Therefore the policies and programmes an enterprise adopts to meet its manpower needs are of vital significance.
The foundation of Modern Portfolio Theory was laid by Markowitz in 1951. He began with the simple premise that since almost all investors invest in multiple securities rather than one, there must be some benefit in investing in a portfolio of securities. He measured riskiness of a portfolio through variability of returns and showed that investment in several securities reduced this risk. His work won him the Nobel prize for Economics in 1990. Markowitz's work was extended by Sharpe in 1964, Lintner in 1965 and Mossin in 1966. Sharpe shared the Nobel prize for Economics in 1990 with Markowitz and Miller for his contribution to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). This model breaks up the riskiness of each security into two components - the market related risk which cannot be diversified called systematic risk measured by the beta coefficient and another component which can be eliminated through diversification called unsystematic risk. In this research work, by using the concept of Sharpe Single Index Model I had try to create one portfolio which is optimum using real market date of SENSEX 30 Securities
The purposes of the study are to provide a critical review of evidence about the low-income people's financial savings & the role of commercial banks measurement, the programs used to promote their saving capability & aware their knowledge about financial product, services and the information uncovered about the programs by evaluations. Financial knowledge & saving is the most important for financial inclusion. Financial product knowledge has been proposed widely as an effective approach to preparing people to manage their finances. Financial capability includes both the ability to act (knowledge, skills, confidence, and motivation) and the opportunity to act (through access to quality financial products and services). The data required for the study have collected from the secondary sources. Banks are essential for each country's economy, since no growth can be achieved unless savings are efficiently channeled into investment. In this respect, the lack of a full-fledged banking system has often been identified as a major weakness of the centrally planned economies. The banks should encourage the people to access banking services by ways of no frills account, financial inclusion campaign and business correspondent etc. As a financial inclusion strategy, developing inclusive financial systems should give priority, which is financially and socially sustainable.
The research paper focusses on a thinking tool developed by Dr Edward De Bono known as ‘Six thinking Hats’. According to this thinking tool, the entire process of thinking is divided into six different ways. It provides a framework to focus and broaden thinking by separating out six different ingredients in thinking: white hat-information, yellow hat-benefits, black hat-risk, green hat-creativity, red hat-gut instinct, and blue hat-process. It focusses on how each person uses the same tool, at the same time, on the same challenge-focused parallel thinking. This cleans up the conversation, puts an end to endless debate and discussions that are going nowhere, and saves everyone time. In order to give a clearer picture on how the tool helps in the thinking process, a merger and acquisition deal between Vodafone & Hutch Essar has been discussed & using this case, yellow hat thinking and black hat thinking have been brought forward. As a conclusion, it has come out that it is a great way in which you can attempt innovation training and encourage group members to think creatively and productively. This exercise will increase the efficiency of meetings and reduce the time taken to conduct a discussion and to reach a consensus.
The locus for value creation is the interactions between the firm and the customers. Such interactions can happen through four main building blocks of co-creation; dialogue, access, risk, and transparency which is called DART model. Value co-creation is a concept that been used in marketing for evaluation. Services evaluate by value co-creation concept through use. But this study attempts to review on DART model which used in value co-creation for evaluation of e-service system. The method which used in this study is assessing the documents related to this area and the technique which applied in this way is content analysis. Results show that value co-creation concept still capable to extend this model and or use it in different way based on the e-service system.
As per the last FDI policy (Consolidated FDI Policy of Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, ministry of Commerce & Industry, effective from 05-Apr-2013), FDI is permitted through 4 distinct channels namely maximum of 74% equity in private sector banks, maximum of 20% equity in public sector banks, branches of Foreign banks and wholly owned subsidiaries of foreign banks. The maximum caps seems to be just figures but the figures mentioned assumes importance when we find that the government is battling Current Account Deficit for which any layman would say that Foreign investment into India would help reduce it; Indian banking and banks can be used as soft baits to attract foreign currency. On the other hand, foreign banks have close to the 5% range contribution to the banking sector's most important metrics namely deposits and advances. Thus it is important that FDI in the banking industry and the working of foreign banks becomes very important. This paper tries to correlate the Indian banking industry with the other industries from the investment point of view and also tries to study the futuristic dimensions of the things to come because of the recent changes declared by the banking regulator i.e. Reserve Bank of India.
The present study investigates the impact of firm specific characteristics on corporate dividend policy behavior in Pakistan. The five years data from 2008 to 2012 is collected from the officialwebsites of the companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). The results show that executive (MNG) and individual ownership (IND), cash flow sensitivity (CFS), size (SZ) and leverage have negativeand significant relationship with DPO and DIVINT.Whereas, operating cash flow (OCF) and profitability (EPS) have positive and insignificant relationship with DPO and DIVINT. This study gives awareness to the corporate authorities of Pakistan about the reason of low dividend pay practice. More precisely, this research work explains an important role designing of dividend policy in Pakistan.
Globalization had necessitated structural adjustments in the labour market at both the national and international levels that significantly affected labour relations. This study x-rayed the impact of globalization on industrial relations in the Nigerian commercial banking sector. Descriptive survey design was employed and stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study's sample. Simple percentage was used to analyze the research questions and Z-test was used to test the postulated hypothesis. The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between globalization and industrial relations in the Nigerian commercial banking sector. Regarding the effect of parent country and host countries characteristics on industrial relations system in the sector, the study's findings showed that industrial relations system was skewed in favour of host national characteristics. The findings also established that there was decreased freedom of unions and decreased bargaining power of labour because of human resource outsourcing induced by globalization. This promoted the principles of individualism that inhibited the efficacy of collective bargaining and collective agreement. Finally, the study's findings indicated that there was ineffective enforcement of labour legislation as a result of outdated laws in Nigeria causing negative impact on the industrial relations system in global context. Based on the study's findings, it was recommended that industrial relations system in global context in the Nigerian banking sector should be pro-active by promoting bipartite and in some cases tripartite institutions and processes to establish appropriate labour policy and standards that would promote collectivism and harmonious work relations. Also, Nigerian legislature should amend provisions of the labour laws to meet global challenges.
Numerous schemes have been proposed for secure routing and Intrusion Detection for ad hoc net- works. Yet, little work exists in actually implementing such schemes on small handheld devices. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept implementation of a secure rout- ing protocol based on AODV over IPv6, further reinforced by a routing protocol independent Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for ad hoc networks. Security features in the routing protocol include mechanisms for non-repudiation and authentication, without relying on the availability of a Certificate Authority (CA) or a Key Distribution Center (KDC). We present the design and implementation details of our system, the practical considerations involved, and how these mechanisms can be used to detect and thwart malicious attacks. We discuss several scenarios where the secure routing and intrusion detection mechanisms isolate and deny network resources to nodes deemed malicious.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the lecture conducted through ICT on recalling power besides attitudes towards ICT in education of management students. This study demonstrates the outcomes of one group pre-test and post-test design based on data, collected before, just after and four weeks after lecture conducted through ICT. The results of the study revealed that, the lecture conducted through ICT had a positive effect on recalling power continuing still at the four week
Air pollution has become one of the major troubles in urban area. Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) was calculated by taking 5 different species growing commonly in 10 different areas of urban parks. In this study, the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of five different plant species such as Cupressus sempervirens, Ulmus carpinifolia, Platanus orientalis, Robinia pesudoacacia, Pinus eldarica was taken from urban parks of Isfahan during summer and winter season. It has been evaluated by analyzing important biochemical parameters. Four physiological and biochemical parameters including ascorbicacid (AA) content, leaf relative water content (RWC), total leaf chlorophyll (TCh), and leaf extract pH were used to develop the APTI values. The data obtained were further analyzed by using one way ANOVA. Among the trees in the urban parks studied, higher value of APTI recorded for Robinia pesudoacacia and proved to be a tolerant variety while the minimum value of APTI recorded for Platanus orientalis and proved as sensitive species to air pollutants. Plants with high Air Pollution Tolerant Index (APTI) values recommended for development of urban parks and green area. The APTI values provide a reliable method for selecting tolerant plants.
At a Glimpse of Communal Disparities in Odisha (A compiled study of Kandhamal district) is written after the collection of information's from different sources such as print and electronic Medias that were taken place in different points of times soon after the communal riot took place in the Kandhamal district. The author collected all the information from the above different sources and felt to write an article on the same after long gap of waiting as per his personal realization. The entire message in the said article is quoted from the different media sources. Therefore, the readers are humble requested not to take it otherwise because the fact and figures have been taken place in different sources at different points of time. In this articles following few things are prioritized; that are most essential to make a complete write up such as abstract of the district, constitutional obligation, abstract on nation's and state's tribe population, religion and its status in the district, causes and consequences of the riot and finally the author's personal suggestion which may be appropriate to gain an national integration and solidarity among Indian citizens.
While environmental considerations have become a fundamental part of business strategies, there is a challenge for managers and academicians to explore the integration of environmental concepts and business operations. Although a number of studies on green practice adoption can be found in the literature, few of them analyzed the infusion of green practices in organizations. This paper focuses on the determinants of green practice infusion. The main purpose of this paper is to build a conceptual model exploring the factors that affect organizational infusion of green practices in a firm. Drawing on the innovation diffusion theory, this paper groups the determinant factors into technological, organizational and environmental dimensions. We proposed several propositions about the influences of determinant factors on green practice infusion. This paper can extend the scope of research on green management in green practice infusion.
Derivatives as a risk management tool have existed in India for more than a century. But the testing times have come now when the global economies are removing trade barriers gradually to facilitate trade so that massive increase in demand can be handled and the uncertainties in supply is managed in an organized manner. India now enjoys world ranking with respect to trading volume in certain commodities like Silver, Gold, Copper, Guar Seed etc. Nevertheless, the functioning has been distorted due to lack of understanding of the dynamic nature of the markets. With this enhanced role there is a need to deliberate on the issues of further research in the area so as to promote the growth and development of the market.
