Demonetization has had multifarious effects on the financial health of our country as two largest bank notes (Rs.500 and Rs.1000) were pulled out from circulation which accounted for 86.9% of cash economy. To a great extent it affected finance sector from an evidence of liquidity boost to accumulation of stressed assets(NPA’s) and short-run slowdown in credit demands with an accelerated digitization of retail payments, further to many corners of central banking operations. The present study is made out of Secondary sources and available literature on post-demonetization. It analyze the series of effects of demonetization on financial sector with the effectiveness of efforts made by government to neutralize the impacts of this monetary crunch.
Goods and Service Tax was first proposed in India on July 1st 2017 by Prime Minister and the Finance Minister of India, Arun Jaitley although the implementation only began in April 2018.This was a significant step in the field of indirect tax reforms in India as this tax has subsumed 17 different taxes. Through this study the government will be able to understand the feedback of GST from their consumers (employees, businessmen and professionals). Until now, many communities are less understanding and confused regarding the GST system and have a negative perception about it. This study consists of 385 consumers (employees, businessmen and professionals) in the area of Bangalore. Data was collected through a questionnaire and the results showed that the level of awareness is moderate and the perception is neither agree nor disagree with the implementation of GST. This shows that the consumers are aware of GST but they do not have a positive or negative perception towards it and this may make it difficult for the consumers to bring a positive influence among the consumers. Keywords: Goods and Service Tax (GST), Awareness, Perception, Indian Economy, Rates Applicable in GST
This study analyzed the effects of food price inflation on households in Ondo State. The study made use of 82 rural households in Ondo state using a Random Sampling Technique. Primary data was employed to generate information for the food groups. Demand for food groups in this study was estimated using Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) technique while the welfare effect was estimated with both the QUAIDS and the Compensated Variation model. The result of the QUAIDS model showed that apart from Plantain, all other estimated expenditure elasticities were all positive and statistically significant at the percent level, indicating that all the food items are normal goods. It was further observed that Rice (0.07), Beans (0.10), Garri(0.03) and Plantain(-0.21) are necessities since their coefficients were less than 1. In addition, the Compensated Variation model indicated that households in Ondo State needed to be compensated around 24.9 percent of their total household expenditure on food in order to accommodate the adverse impact of food price inflation. The conclusion, however, is that all households in Ondo State suffered welfare losses from hike in the food prices between January and October 2016. Consequently, the study recommended that government should try, as much as possible, to subsidize the price of foodstuffs so that it can be accessible to households in Ondo State in order to improve their welfare. Keywords: Inflation, Households, Welfare, Compensated, Food
This paper discusses productive efficiency of a sample of firms using World Bank data from a sample of 179 Eritrean manufacturing firms. The results of the estimation of the technical efficiency model shows Eritrean manufacturing firms ingeneral are inefficient. The study further investigated firms’ efficiency by nature of ownership, age of firm, experience of the entrepreneur and managers’ education. Both labour and capital are more productive under sole proprietorships or partnerships than incorporated firms. Labour is more productive for older firms and capital is more productive for younger firms. Results also show labour is more productive for firms with less experienced managers, while capital is more productive for high experienced managers. Also, labour is productive for both firms that are managed with less educated managers and high educated managers. In almost all cases return to scale appears to be less than one, suggesting the existence of high inefficiency. In general there was no significant difference in the existence of embodied technology among firms. The study suggests that firms need to examineand invest in technology and skills that may contribute to improved efficiency.
Today, oil is the most important strategic resource in the world. With the economic development, the demand for oil continues to increase. Kazakhstan is the largest oil exporter in Central Asia and borders with largest oil importer in the world, with China. It makes Kazakhstan's oil industry become the focus of violent competition among various countries. Firstly, this article elaborated on the international status of Kazakhstan’s oil industry and quantified its competitiveness using the index of comparative advantage as an indicator, and selected representative countries such as Saudi Arabia, Russia and China for comparison. It has been found that although Kazakhstan's oil reserves are far less than those of major oil countries such as Saudi Arabia and Russia. But for Kazakhstan the oil exports have a higher position in the country's exports than above two countries, indicating the importance of the oil industry to the national economy. Thus, in this article, relevant proposals are put forward on four aspects, including the modernization of exploration and mining technologies to increase production capacity, strengthening political orientation, attaching importance to creating an export enterprise brand and increase the level of innovation in the industry.
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) is one of the quickest developing investment in financial market. The units of an ETF are recorded in stock exchange and the NAV fluctuates according to market developments, There are 82 trade exchanged plans drifted and exchanged on Indian Stock markets. These assets give liquid access virtually to every financial market and allow large and small investors to build their portfolios. However, their maintenance expenses are essentially lower than mutual funds. This paper is the study about the performance of top 5 ETF in India of last 3years in terms of risk and return individually. It details how ETFs work, their unique investment, trading features & their regulatory structure. Keywords : ETF, Financial Market, Risk, Return, NAV
Tourism has grown by leaps and bounds and is still one of the fastest growing industries in terms of revenues and employment generation around the globe. It covers a wide range of independent and yet interdependent sectors like transport, accommodation, travel services, food and beverage, recreation and entertainment, among others (Khan, 2014). However, modern tourism is diverting into areas that a few years ago would not be considered as tourism, like dark tourism, thanatourism and slum tourism. This paper tries to analyze the ethical issues linked to dark tourism/thanatourism, its impact on the local communities and other related issues.
The purpose of this study was to propose and test an integrative conceptual model which incorporates brand experience and and behavioral outcomes in form of brand loyalty through a mediator factor of brand love for Xiaomi smartphone users. The conceptual model and proposed hypotheses of the study are analyzed with a sample of 202 consumers by using a structured survey as a data collection instrument. The findings of the study demonstrate strong associations between both positive and negative brand experience that leads to brand love and results in brand loyalty, both high and low, that correlates within the variables. This study also corroborates the mediating role of brand love in form of passion, intimacy and commitment, that may differ from customer to customer. Both customers of the local market and overseas were researched that gives outcomes and background for more detailed future investigation. It is expected to contribute to the field of brand management by investigating the simultaneous impact of experience-based and non-experienced-based antecedents on brand loyalty and the mediating role of brand love on the association between brand experience and future brand loyalty which has not been addressed in the previous literature.
Entrepreneurs are very vital for social and economic growth of the society in general as their innovative ideas bring the fuel to run the industries. There is no qualm that they are considered the souls of the entire body of the industrial structures. Every year hundreds of thousands students pass out from various universities, but only a fraction amongst those intend to start their own venture. The main reason is preference of job for the reason of fixed income every month. Even those who give a thought to begin a startup, back out due to family pressure / responsibilities or have certain apprehensions which stops them to pursue their dreams. The penchant for a job over starting a business is also one of the major reasons of unemployment in the country. University graduates are highly educated and have lots of energy and potential to make it big if The main motivation behind this article is to explore the reasons why fresh graduates dissuade themselves from following their dream of entrepreneurship.
: According to the text book definition, a merger occurs when two companies come together by merging their individual resources into one entity, or when one company purchases the other company of its interest. An acquisition is an activity when one company acquires the other company. According to, Andrade, Mitchell and Stafford, who have studied M & A activities in the nineties indicate that the deregulation and opening of the economy and the various technological changes and improvement act as shocks and as initiatives leading to mergers.(Andrade, Mitchell, and Stafford,2001). Research Gaps : 1) Research on Mergers and Acquisitions has been very extensive, but most of the studies do not emphasize the strategic objectives/reasons (stated vs. actual) and alignment/satisfaction of these from the vision and mission of the organization.(Srinivasan, and Mishra, 2007), Beena, (1998). 2) It is, therefore eminent that there is a need to analyze the secondary sources and matching of these statements with the actual reasons was needed, with respect to sectors.(Srinivasan and Mishra, (2) The identification and study of the objectives behind these activities was done based on the various theories of mergers and acquisitions. But backing of these study/objectives by any data like secondary data and aligning of these objectives of Mergers and Acquisitions with the mission and vision of the organizations was envisaged with respect to the various sectors.(Jensen and Runback, Srinivasan, and Mishra, 2007). On studying the above research gaps the following statement of purpose was identified. Statement of purpose: To identify and analyze the strategic objectives behind the recent M & A, activities of companies in the various sectors considered. The following section consists with the case wise analysis of the various deals considered. Owing to the limited sample size it may be noted that we were unable to place any deals in particular statements. Statement 1: The companies which are leaders in that particular industry use M and A to gain
Using the dynamic method of moments generalized (GMM) from a sample of 15 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the period 2000-2017, the researcher conducted this paper in an attempt to examine the impact of governance quality on foreign direct investments (FDI) and economic growth in these countries. The results show that, in general, governance variables are positively correlated with economic growth. This is due to the fact that the quality of the institutional infrastructure is very important for the attractiveness of FDI and the promotion of a country's growth. Similarly, FDI is significantly and positively related to economic growth.
In this paper, the trade volume between Thailand and ASEAN members and non-members is empirically analyzed by using the gravity model. The 1995-2018 panel data is used to establish a gravity model with variables such as distance from Thailand to each country, GDP, per capita GDP and whether it is a ASEAN country. According to the results of gravity model, the economic aggregate of each country, the distance from Thailand and whether it is a ASEAN country have significant influence on the trade volume between Thailand and each country.
The purpose of this study is to identify the conditions and the challenges that affect women engaged in urban informal food and local beverage businesses. A s ample of 223 women from three towns (Gondar and Debretabor), Amhara National, Regional State, Ethiopia was randomly selected. Adapted research instrument is used. Data was collected through enumerator. The findings of the study revealed that 81 % of the respondents were single, widows or divorced. They started the business for survival. The result of their activities is only hand- to- mouth. Their business is mainly stagnant or doesn’t show growth (89%).But only 3% have a desire to quit. Most of their customers are very poor and destitute part of the society that can’t afford to buy their basic needs from formal businesses. The main challenges to urban informal food and local beverage businesses are higher cost of material (82%), too many competitors (85 %), lack of finance/capital (72 %), lack of sufficient training and advice (75 %), and expensive house rent (69 %). This study also reveals that the counter-effect on soil fertility because they are using cow-dug and woods for fuel conception. Key words: Informal Business, Food and Local beverage, Destitute, Women
This article is devoted to the study of sanctions applied against the Russian Federation by the countries of Western Europe and the United States, as well as ways to overcome sanctions measures and packages. The article will consider the reasons that led to certain sanctions against the Russian Federation, as well as analyze the consequences of the measures taken to mitigate or overcome the sanctions taken against the Russian Federation.
HRD IN NLCIL Dr.S.Kesavan Department of Management Studies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Vadapalani, Chennai, Tamilnadu - 600026, India Abstract The human resource department of any organisation helps the concern to meet their requirement of man power needs and also strengthen their workforce through meticulous planning and recruitment and selection process. This department helps to attract the best industry talent. The human resource department also takes care of the employees’ development in order to prepare them to meet the changing needs of the organisation. This department helps to train and motivate the employees to perform better and enhance their productivity. As the science and technology changes day by day, the modern business world also changes very rapidly. In the days of global competition, every organisation will pursue the path of continuous improvement and will be eager to adopt the ways and means for higher growth and development with greater achievements. Hence the employees of an organisation also required to develop the skill and knowledge to update the latest emerging areas relating to their domain to suit themselves for managing the disruptive technology. This in turn helps the organisation for continuous growth and also encourages innovation and creativity. The human resource department and training centre of the corporate is becoming the nerve centre of any organisation. Key Words: Human Resource Department, Employees productivity, Human Resource Development, Disruptive technology.
Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) comprises eight member states, namely: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. Its mandates are promoting cooperation among the member states for securing regional peace and sustainable development. Despite the IGAD region’s abundant natural resource endowments, strategic location, and hardworking people, it has remained one of the world’s poorest regions with wide spread human sufferings because of various intra and interstate conflicts, extreme weather events such as droughts and intermittent floods and lack of employment opportunities. The overall objectives of the study were: first to empirically assesse development outcomes in the IGAD member states which have been affected by different types of conflicts. Second, underpin the dire need for renewed cooperation among the member states, and thirdly, exploring possible areas of cooperation that would deepen their national and regional peace, stability and sustainable development. The findings of the study were that in the IGAD member states which have been affected by conflicts of different nature, duration and scales, there has been little structural transformation in their economies; the real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates of the IGAD member states showed declining trends during the period 2010-2016 and their future real GDP growth rates are not expected to be robust while the countries remain prone to conflicts of different scales; the Human Development Index (HDI) of IGAD member states have been low and they are ranked in the low human development, characterized by high youth unemployment. Raging civil wars, interstate conflicts and lack of economic opportunities have also produced large numbers of refugees and internally displaced people. As a result, most IGAD member states still have high incidences of multidimensional poverty, where large sections of their populations are deprived of basic necessities. Thus, the greatest challenge to peace and sustainable development in the IGAD member states is lack of human security which emanates from interlinked factors such as conflicts, vulnerabilities, poverty, social injustice and discrimination and environmental shocks.
Background The usage of charcoal as a fuel for cooking among the women households is common in developing countries including Ethiopia because of the cheaper price, the all-time availability of the fuel and also it burns hotter and it is cleaner as compared to wood. Traditional stoves that uses dung and charcoal emit large amounts of Carbon monoxide and noxious gases and they are inefficient and lead to the cause of air pollution when cooking that takes place inside the house. It brings wide range of illness and diseases. Hence, this study was set out to identify the knowledge, attitude and practices of women households when they use charcoal as a fuel for cooking in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Methods Descriptive research study was conducted using systematic random sampling method. A total of 285 women household using charcoal for cooking participated in the study. Knowledge attitudes and practices of women households about the charcoal fuel they use in cooking was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze data. Results From the knowledge-based questions, for Question number (4, 5,6,8,9 and 10), the majority among the respondents had a correct knowledge about the fuel charcoal and its various consequences. However, there are also wrong knowledge among respondents to Question number (1, 2, 3 and 7). For the Attitude-based questions, for Question number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10), the majority had a right attitude with regard to the fuel charcoal and its overall positive and negative sides. Further, for Question number (7) the majority (66.7%) had a wrong attitude. From the Practices-based questions, for Question number (1, 4, 5, 9, 10), the majority had wrong practices and for Question numbers (2, 3, 6, 7, and 8), the majority had correct practices to the usage of charcoal as a fuel for cooking among the women households. Discussion and conclusion There are significant numbers of the women households had correct knowledge, attitude and practices when they use charcoal as a fuel for cooking. However, there are also fewer numbers in the respondents had wrong knowledge, attitude and practices about the fuel charcoal when used for cooking. Awareness programs are to be arranged for the overall know how of the biomass fuels as well as the alternative modern fuels such as LPG, kerosene etc. Keywords: Ethiopia, KAP, charcoal, cooking, biomass fuels, modern fuels
Almarai company of Saudi Arabia has been analysed in this paper as an example of a complex organisation with respect to its organisational structure and strategic planning process. The research was conducted by relying on documents and interviews. It is noted that elements of the organisational structure and the strategic planning process mutually affect each other, and the similarities between development of stages and implementation of the strategic process and elements of the organisational structure, and their impacts, are also examined.
Ethiopia has grown on average 10 % annually for more than a decade and the country is the fifth fastest growing economy among the 188 IMF member countries. As such, growth in one sector of the economy does not automatically transform into equal benefits for the population. This study specified an empirical investigation of the relationship between the economic growth of Ethiopia and its determinant as studies in this area are inadequate. Alongside this backdrop, the data span for the study was the annual data from 1974 to 2013, and employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach to Co-integration. Error Correction Model (ECM) was used in order to examine the long-run and short run relationship between the dependent variable (real GDP) and its determinant independent variables.The findings of the bounds test confirmed that there was the steady long run association between the real GDP, Physical capital, human capital, export, foreign aid, external debt and inflation. Moreover, the empirical results reveal that physical capital, human capital, export, foreign aid and inflation were found the positive impact on economic growth both in the long run and short run, whereas external debt affects economic growth negatively but, statically significant both in the long run and short run. Conversely, the study reveals that total export of goods and service, foreign aid and inflation were statistically insignificant at 5% level on the GDP growth of Ethiopia in the long run.
The main objective of this article is to analyze the factors behind wage inequalities between men and women taking into account the qualification levels between these two groups. To achieve this goal, we used the standard Oaxaca model which allowed us to break down wages between these two groups to see the determinants of the gender pay gap. However, before decomposing, the determinants of salary were studied primarily through the Heckman selection model, for the entire population but also specifically for each sex. The main result is that men earn on average higher wages than women in all segments of the Senegalese labor market. An in-depth analysis of the factors behind these disparities was carried out. The results showed that there is a pay gap of 3.69% in the skilled segment and 5.41% in the non-skilled segment. The salary gap is therefore greater in the non-skilled segment. Keywords : Human capital ; gender ; labor market JEL Classification numbers : E24 ; J16 ; J40
