The penetration of EV (electric vehicle) technology in Lao road transportation, in this study, was analyzed by using the AIM/CGE [Laos] model. In line with the increase of number of road vehicles, the energy demand in transport sector has gradually increased, which resulted in a large amount of budget spent for fossil fuels import in last decade and high emission from transport sector. Lao government, in order to mitigate these issues, is promoting EV technology. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of EVs' penetration on economy and CO2 emission in short-term, middle-term, and long-term. The cumulative CO2 emission from transport sector during 2020 to 2050 in BAU case will be 12,000 GgCO2 and those in the EV mitigation case will be 9,300 GgCO2 which likely accounts for 77% of cumulative CO2 emission reduction in road transport sector by introducing the EV technology. On the other hand, the GDP value will be gradually lost by up to one percent in 2050 due to the increase of cost of introducing the EV technology in Laos.
Abstract — Dust accumulation on the photovoltaic module's surface results in appreciable loss and negatively affects the generated power. Hence, in this paper, the design of a photovoltaic array cleaning system is presented. The cleaning system utilizes one drive motor, two guide rails, and four sweepers during the cleaning process. The cleaning system was experimentally implemented for one month to investigate its efficiency on PV array energy output. The energy capture over a month for PV array cleaned using the proposed cleaning system is compared with that of the energy capture using soiled PV array. The results show a 15% increase in energy generation from PV array with cleaning. From the results, investigating the optimal scheduling of the PV array cleaning could be an interesting research topic.
Abstract—In this study, supercritical steam is introduced to Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) in an attempt to further optimize energy recovery. Subcritical steam is commonly used in the CCPP, operating at maximum pressures around 150-160 bar. Supercritical steam is an alternative to increase heat recovery during vaporization period of water. The idea of improvement using supercritical steam is further examined with the use of exergy, pinch analysis and Aspen Plus simulation.
This study investigates the effects of operating parameters of different current density, temperature and pressure on the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis stack. A 7-cell PEM water electrolysis stack was assembled and tested under different operation modules. The voltage change and polarization curves under different test conditions, namely current density, temperature and pressure, were recorded. Results show that higher temperature has positive effect on overall stack performance, where temperature of 80 °C improved the cell performance greatly. However, the cathode pressure and current density has little effect on stack performance. Keywords—PEM electrolysis stack, current density, temperature, pressure.
A major task for categorizing an ecological flood is establishing the effects of environmental enrichment on nutrient availability, which may affect phytoplankton species composition and internal biochemical contents. The current study seeks to analyze the interaction between environmental variables, phytoplankton composition, and its internal biochemical content during the flood season at Lake Nasser, Egypt. Samples were collected from four water depths (surface, 10 m., 20 m., and bottom) at five sites along the main channel of Lake Nasser during the flood season in August 2017. A major bloom of Cyanobacteria was detected along with retardation of biopolymeric particulate organic carbon availability. Principle component analysis indicated that the most significant parameters affecting total phytoplankton distribution, especially Cyanobacteria, were temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, and phosphate. Moreover, a negative correlation was reported between protein content, organic carbon and total biochemical content with nitrate. The highest biopolymeric particulate organic carbon value (37.15 mg/l), protein (88.64 mg/l) and lipid contents (1.5 mg/l), were recorded at El-Madiq site with total biochemical content of 91.29 mg/l and associated optimum nutrient levels. This interpreted with an increase of Chlorophycean species biomass (812.5 × 103 cell l-1). Flood causes an elevation in the minor lipid cellular composition more than carbohydrates at all sites. Flooding in Lake Nasser altered its water quality by introducing oxygen and nutrients, along with changes in phytoplankton species composition and internal biochemical content.
The most difficult part of designing a battery management system (BMS) is accurately modelling the battery. So far, the most suitable model is the equivalent circuit model (ECM). The battery is a very complex system, and with the increase in model order, the accuracy should improve. However, the higher order model would face the tendency of over-parameterization having unfavorable estimation issues. In time domain it becomes difficult to fit the higher order difference equations, because of the problem of ill conditioning. Therefore, in this paper, the frequency domain parameter estimation is proposed to overcome the aforementioned limitations. Here, the ill-conditioning problem is resolved by filtering and estimation around the dominant frequencies. The estimated parameters are validated with the simulation data.
