AbstractMethodologyAutoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is employed to investigate the long and short run impact of Financial inclusion on poverty alleviation within the context of Iraq.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of financial inclusion on poverty alleviation in Iraq throughout the timeframe spanning from 2004-2022.FindingsFinancial inclusion exhibits a positive impact on poverty alleviation both in the short and long run.Research LimitationsData on digital advances in Iraq limited our ability to examine the impact of technological innovation on financial inclusion and hence poverty alleviation.Practical ImplicationsThe finding are consistent with substantial body of research affirming the positive contribution of financial inclusion to poverty alleviation. Consequently, we advocate for increased government intervention and support to poverty alleviation policies.Social ImplicationsFinancial inclusion empowers individuals, enhancing their prospects for securing decent employment opportunities, elevating educational attainment, and fostering improvements in health and overall quality of life.OriginalityThis paper will encourage further research into strategies aimed at poverty alleviation and the empowerment of marginalized segments of society.
The presence of the high correlation among predictors in regression modeling has undesirable effects on the regression estimating. There are several available biased methods to overcome this issue. The Poisson regression model (PRM) is a special model from the generalized linear models. The PRM is a well-known model in research application when the response variable under the study is count data. Numerous biased estimators for overcoming the multicollinearity in Poisson regression model have been proposed in the literature using different theories. An overview of recent biased methods for PRM is provided. A comparison among these biased estimators allows us to gain an insight into their performance.
Government support policies are part of economic policies which aim at achieving overall stability and access to the standard of living of social groups with limited income Through (social protection network – supporting the Ration card-Providing loans to the unemployed without interest) Or for general sectors such as health, education, agriculture and housing. These policies are applied in most countries of the world, but their application varies from one state to another depending on the philosophy of its economic system and that governmental support represents a stream of spending that the state decides to pay without being matched by a stream of goods and services. From this point of view, government support policies are one of the most important macro policies that achieve economic growth and achieve social balance as it allows directing part of the public expenditure to address the phenomenon of poverty in terms of enabling the low-income classes to have the opportunity to live through redistributing income across different support groups In accordance with government support policies and in line with the requirements of the national strategy to counter poverty in Iraq .
Purpose: The current research aims at testing the relation and effect between job rotation and administrative reform process at Al-Qadissiyah University. Design / Methodology: Upon the research sample, 129 questionnaire forms were distributed to all faculties of Al-Qadissiyah University (18 to the deans, 36 to the dean assistants, 75 to the departmental heads). A total of (16) forms were rejected for non-validity and failure to meet the required conditions for answering the questionnaire. Thus, the number of valid forms for study and analysis was 113 with 88% retrieval rate, Which were analyzed using AMOS v.20 and SPSS v.24. Results: The results proved the validity of the hypotheses and reached a set of conclusions, The most important of which was the contribution of work rotation to the development of performance and to strengthen the capabilities of senior leaders and to resist the change resulting from the belief that the job belongs to the employee. Also, one of the main reasons for the failure of the administrative reform process is dealing with administrative problems independently of the environmental surroundings that interact with and influence the administrative system and are affected by it. Recommendations: In the light of the conclusions reached by the research, Some recommendations were formulated. The most important of these was the implementation of the law of periodic and permanent rotation to reduce the monotony and routine of work which may generate boredom and applying the principle of fairness and fair administration in implementing this law. The administration of the organization must show interest and conduct research in transparency, integrity, Administrative accountability and administrative corruption programs to enhance the employee's belonging to his job and his commitment to work ethic and values ​​that reflect a high level of reform culture, loyalty and dedication.
We understand that both the level as well as the composition of investment play a crucial role in the economic development process. However, it needs to be understood that investment contributes to the growth process by increasing the productive capacity, improving the technology, and enhancing the competitiveness of an economy. And when it is supplemented with investment in the social sectors, it also results in human development. The demand for investment depends on strong macroeconomic fundamentals comprising stability of exchange rates, fiscal prudence, feasible structure of financial market, including the regulatory and supervisory framework and the size and quality of the securities and bond markets, and continuity of a consistent investment policy.
organizations have witnessed developments and challenges in various fields compelling the necessity for rapid and radical changes and transformations to take place concerning business and management by establishing an organizational climate that creating the innovation process that reflecting labors performance level and quality's improvement and creating superiority feature on competitors. and organization climate deployment its effect in multiple managerial and behavioral changeable organization climate's effect no limited on sample types from organization but its covering all organization whatever its activities was. The aim of study limited the Organization Climate's Effect in innovation process \ A Survey Study for The Opinions of a Sample of Functionaries in Directorate-General for Education Misan, where the regulatory climate elements (organizational structure \ incentives \ conflict \ pressure \ share \ creativity), the researcher depended on descriptive analysis method, for information analysis that collection by questionnaire for information collection, and chose random sample content from (72) labor in research organization the researcher is used the statistical methods to deal with surveying data, mummer by (SPSS) system, where the date statistical analysis
