Central obesity is defined as its excessive accumulation of visceral fat around the abdomen. It has become a significant public health concern and a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries like Ethiopia. The study fills the knowledge gap and detects central obesity in civil servants in the West Gojjame zone office workers. Objective: To assess the magnitude of central obesity and its associated factors among civil servants in West Gojjam Zonal government office, North West Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 567 civil servants in the West Gojjam Zone government office from August 7 to September 1, 2024. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and then exported to Stata version 17 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with central obesity. Variables with a p-value of ≤ 0.25 in the bivariable binary logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated to assess the strength of the association. Results: The prevalence of central obesity among civil servants was 27.8% (95% CI: 24.1, 31.8). Factors positively associated with central obesity included older age (AOR=4.5, 95% CI: 2.3, 8.8), being female (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.5, 4.2), and having an income above the poverty line (AOR=18.4, 95% CI: 7.9, 42.9). In contrast, a borderline food consumption score (AOR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.2) and physical inactivity (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.5) were negatively associated with central obesity. Conclusion and Recommendations : Central obesity is prevalent in the West Gojjam Zone government office, affecting one in two women and one in five men, with factors like Being a female, older age, richest monthly income, inadequate food consumption score and physical inactivity significantly associated with central obesity among civil servants. Workplace health programs and campaigns targeting women and older adults are crucial, along with government policies promoting physical activity. Office workers should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous weekly aerobic exercise.
Sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHRs) are fundamental human rights that underpin gender equality, health, and sustainable development, yet violations remain widespread among women in many low- and middle-income settings due to entrenched socio-cultural norms, gender inequality, and unequal power relations within marriage. This study assessed both the violations and the exercise of SRHRs among ever-married women in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria, using a community-based cross-sectional mixed-methods design. A total of 423 ever-married women aged 15–49 years were selected through multistage sampling from two Local Government Areas, with quantitative data collected via semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and qualitative insights obtained from five focus group discussions; quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Overall, 25.1% of respondents reported experiencing violations of SRHRs, with the most common being violations of the right to freedom from sexual violence (29.3%), and husbands identified as the primary perpetrators (38.7%). Despite this, 90.1% of respondents reported exercising at least one SRHR, most commonly the right to marriage (27.9%) and the right to family planning (25.1%), and among those who experienced violations, 57.5% reported taking some form of action against the violation, the perpetrator, or both. Qualitative findings further highlighted intimate partner violence, coercive childbearing, and socio-cultural expectations as key drivers of SRHR violations. These findings indicate that SRHR violations remain prevalent among married women in Ibadan, underscoring the need to strengthen awareness, legal protections, and community support mechanisms to enhance women’s capacity to exercise their sexual and reproductive health rights.
Patient participation in teaching and research is fundamental to medical education and the advancement of healthcare. Understanding patients’ perceptions and their acceptability of such involvement is crucial to ensuring ethical practices and fostering cooperation. This study aimed to assess patients’ knowledge, perceptions, and willingness to participate in teaching and research, and to identify factors influencing their acceptability at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital (BDTH). A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients attending BDTH, Kaduna. A total of 250 participants were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire which was used to assess patients’ knowledge, perception, and acceptability of participation in teaching and research activities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, with results presented in tables and charts, with statistical significance set at p ≤0.05. The mean age of respondents was 33.3 ± 15.0 years. Overall, 43.3% had good knowledge of being involved in teaching and research activities, while 70.4% demonstrated positive perception of being involved. The majority (84.5%) were willing to participate in teaching and research activities, including allowing medical students to observe consultations, take histories, and participate in research. Multivariate analysis identified education level and willingness to participate were predictors of perception (p < 0.05), while perception was significantly associated with willingness to participate (p < 0.001). Overall, less than half of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge of being involved in teaching and research activities, but the majority had positive perceptions and were willing to participate. Education level and willingness to participate were predictors of perception of involvement in teaching and research activities.
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is a type of leguminous plant that thrives well in poor soil conditions and drought-prone areas and regions, making it an important crop for most subsistence farming practices and thus its capability to enhance food security in Africa. Studies have indicated and highlighted its resilience and ability to grow and be very productive even in harsh climates with minimal inputs and resources, which positions it as an important and sustainable crop for addressing food insecurity. However, despite its environmental resilience and nutritional potentials, this pulse still remains underutilized on the global market. This is particularly surprising given its rich nutrient profile, which makes it a valuable food source for health conscious consumers. Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) verdc.) formulated diets were used in this nutrition work, with thirty (30) weaning wistar rats, comprising (six groups), including the test groups, the positive and the negative controls, in an in-vivo feeding experiment for 21 days, to determine the changes in growth, protein and important biochemical parameters. The results obtained showed that the dietary Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER) changes for the test groups ranges from 0.083 ± 0.03 for group 5 to 0.104 ± 0.03 for group 4; while the Net Protein Utilisation (NPU) ranges from 65.46 ±3.55 for group 5 to 81.70 ±2.78 for group 4. The Haematological parameters showed a hematocrit (PCV) for the test groups ranging from 34.95 ± 1.59% for group 6 to 42.63 ± 1.54% for group 5; while the RBC ranges from 6.65 ± 0.49 x 109 / L for group 6 to 8.36 ± 0. 34 x 109 / L for group 4. Liver Enzyme activity were highest (AST) for group 3 with 171.30 ± 1.40 U/L, (ALP) for group 4 with 26.66 ± 0.41 U/L and (ALT) for group 5 with 128.33 ± 3.15 U/L. The work reveals the potentials of Bambara groundnut to sustain growth and developments, enhances cognitive developments, especially in children and adolescents.
The aim of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life (QOL) of patients with traumatic vision loss, with a view making recommendations for comprehensive patient management. It was a retrospective and prospective study with descriptive and analytical aims carried out in the ophthalmology department of the Cocody University Hospital Center (CHU) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, over a period of 13 months, from September 1, 2024, to September 30, 2025. The study included nine patient records of individuals followed for traumatic vision loss. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Assessment Scale (WHO-QOL-BREF). The mean age of the patients was 32 ± 13.7 years, with a range of 19 to 50 years. The majority of patients were between 19 and 39 years old (66.7%). Males predominated (7/9 eyes), representing 77.8% of the population, with a sex ratio of 3.5. Patients' mean overall quality of life score was 51.78 ± 10.73. Patients had significantly lower QoL scores than the general population, especially for the psychological, social, and environmental health domains. The interest lies in the need to systematically include a psychological assessment to ensure comprehensive management.
Healthcare workers are central to delivering quality care, yet many struggle to attend to their own health due to heavy workloads, long hours, and a culture that normalizes self-treatment. This study examined healthcare-seeking patterns and determinants of service utilisation among clinical and non-clinical workers in tertiary hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria, using a comparative mixed-methods cross-sectional design involving 460 participants. Quantitative data were collected through pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires, complemented by qualitative insights from Key Informant Interviews, with analysis conducted using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, logistic regression (p<0.05), and thematic analysis with NVIVO 14. Findings showed that clinical workers were generally younger and exhibited poorer health behaviours compared to non-clinical staff, with inappropriate health-seeking behaviour high in both groups but more pronounced among clinical workers (87.4% vs. 80%). Utilisation of available health services was similarly poor, slightly lower among non-clinical workers (83.9% vs. 82.2%). Predictors of better healthcare utilisation among clinical workers included being on regular medication, appropriate health-seeking behaviour, and having health insurance, while among non-clinical workers, ever consulting a doctor and good health-seeking behaviour significantly increased utilisation. Overall, despite perceiving themselves as healthy, both groups demonstrated poor health-seeking patterns and underutilisation of available services, highlighting the urgent need for policies and institutional strategies that promote preventive care, routine screening, and a healthier workplace culture for all healthcare workers.
Effective management and leadership are vital to the resilience and operational effectiveness of public hospitals, particularly in fragile and resource-limited settings such as Somalia. This study explores how patient performance, healthcare quality, and healthcare professionals’ conviction impact the implementation of health protocols and regulations. These three factors interact dynamically, influencing hospital management and regulatory adherence. The research examines the complex interplay between three pivotal factors—patient performance (including engagement, health literacy, and participation), quality of care, and the professional conviction of healthcare workers—and their collective influence on the successful implementation of health protocols and medical regulations. Moving beyond traditional models, the analysis incorporates innovative, contextually grounded strategies designed to enhance patient outcomes, regulatory compliance, and institutional performance. Drawing on established healthcare management principles and informed by a comprehensive review of literature and contextual evidence from the Somali healthcare system, the study identifies key leverage points for strengthening leadership and management practices. Specific attention is given to culturally responsive communication, the strategic use of community health workers, digital health interventions, and participatory approaches that cultivate a sense of ownership and motivation among healthcare professionals. The findings underscore the importance of integrating patient-centered approaches and continuous professional development into the broader regulatory and management frameworks of public hospitals. Furthermore, the paper discusses specific strategies that can enhance patient outcomes, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of health literacy and patient engagement in improving health outcomes, the quality of care, and professional motivation among healthcare workers. It also suggests a comprehensive approach that integrates cultural sensitivity and innovative solutions like telemedicine to address challenges in resource-limited settings. The study offers practical insights for enhancing healthcare delivery in Somalia and strengthening the leadership framework within the healthcare system. The conclusions call for further implementation research to evaluate the long-term impact of these strategies and emphasize the role of inclusive leadership in fostering a resilient and high-performing public healthcare system capable of withstanding future challenges.
Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, and it continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. It can spread through various means, such as unprotected sex, mother to fetus, and blood transfusion. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of syphilis and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Hawassa zuria woreda, Sidama, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Hawassa Zuria public health facilities from November 1-30, 2024. A total of 482 study participants were selected using systematic sampling techniques. Data were collected through structured interviews using a pretested questionnaire and reviewing records. Epi-data version 4.4 was used to code and enter the data, and SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. Bivariable logistic regression was employed to identify candidate variables for multivariable logistic regression with a significance level of ≤ 0.25. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate factors associated with syphilis infection, p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The seroprevalence of syphilis among pregnant women attending ANC clinics was 3.8% (95% CI: 3.61-3.99). Having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.68; 95% CI: 1.22 - 11.11), alcohol use (AOR =7.34; 95% CI: 2.31 - 23.36), and HIV positive women (AOR =10.22; 95% CI: 2.03 - 51.53) were significantly associated with syphilis infection. Conclusion and recommendation: Seroprevalence of syphilis was high. Having multiple sexual partners, HIV-positive women, and alcohol drinking were factors significantly associated with syphilis. Therefore, substantial efforts have to be made to provide regular health education for pregnant women at the antenatal clinic on the avoidance of risky behaviors, raise awareness on the transmission and prevention mechanisms of syphilis, promote safe sexual practices, and strengthen partner testing and treatment.
Health is a primary need for human wellbeing. An advance technology, the health sector has changed significantly on that day. However, the issue of women’s health is still a cause of concern for developing countries like India. Particularly, socio-economic backwards and the low position accorded to women by society have always kept the issue of women’s health as a secondary manner. To transform this perspective and provide noticeable medical facilities to give women for ensure their wellness. The present study is an attempt to look into the role of Community Health Worker (ASHA) which is very important in West Bengal. Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is a grassroot level female health worker who selected from village for improving of women’s health awareness and providing basic medical services, such as encouraging women to give birth in govt. Hospital, taking kids to vaccination clinics, promoting family planning, administering first assistance for minor wounds and illnesses, maintaining demographic records, and enhancing community cleanliness. Women in West Bengal are dealing with a number of issues, including breast cancer, AIDS, and maternal health issues in addition to starvation. ASHA employees are crucial to the health protection of women, particularly in rural West Bengali villages. Therefore, research into their significance in preserving women's health is necessary. Using Galsi Gram Panchayat, East Bardhaman district, West Bengal, as a case study, an attempt has been made to examine the role that ASHA workers play in raising awareness and protecting women's health, as well as their successes and shortcomings.
Background: HIV-1 and HIV-2 have globally known HIV types with 55% genetic differences that resulted in the difference in ART treatment outcomes. HIV-1 is worldwide spread compared to HIV-2 dominated partly in Europe, the USA, and west Africa. Current studies have shown the spread of HIV-2 to other countries due to immigration and social economic activities interactions Objective, This study was aimed to determine the Seroprevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV1+2 dual infection among the HIV patient on HIV -1 ART regimen treatment in Njombe and Dares salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 at eight HIV Care and Treatment Centers. A total of 300 participants who were on HIV -1 ART regimen treatments from 2017 to 2019 were randomly selected and re-tested to determine HIV types SPSS version 26.0 was used for analysis whereby Percentages, Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values of ≤0.001 were used for interpretation. Ethical clearance was sought from KNCHRE. All participants were provided with informed consent. Results: The mean age was 35.0 (SD ± 0.24) years. There was more female with HIV-1 110 (53.1%) compared to HIV-2 25 (56.8%) and dual infection. The general prevalence of HIV-1 was 69%, HIV- 2 was 15% and HIV-1+2 dual infections were 16%. In stratification by region, HIV-1 prevalence was high in Dares salaam 108(72%) compared to Njombe 99(66%) p=0.26 while the prevalence of HIV-2 was higher in Njombe 25(17%) compared to Dares Salaam 19(13%) p=0.33 and HIV 1+2 dual infection prevalence was high in Njombe 26(17%) compared in Dares -Salaam 23(15%) p=0.64. Conclusion: The study confirmed the presence of high prevalence of the HIV-2 and HIV 1+2 infections which were previously not found in Tanzania. Therefore, the urgent intervention on initiation of HIV-2 and HIV 1+2 dual infections ART regimen in Tanzania should be in place to reduce risks of poor clinical treatment outcomes of PLHIV with HIV-2 and HIV 1+2 infections.
Background: Malaria poses a significant threat to children under five in Ghana. Despite the availability of effective preventive measures, caregiver compliance remains inconsistent. This study investigated the prevalence of malaria prevention practices and their associated factors among caregivers of children under five years in Kpando Municipality, Ghana. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 293 mothers and caregivers with children under five years in Kpando Municipal of Ghana. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from respondents through one-on-one interviewer-led enumeration using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Fisher’s Exact Test, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR), p-values, 95% confidence intervals (CI), frequencies and proportions were reported with statistical significance set at p<0.05. The analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: Approximately a 99% participation rate (293 out of the expected 295) was recorded in this study. The prevalence of adequate malaria preventive practices among caregivers was 49%. Long-lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) ownership was 93.2%. Most caregivers (65.2%) consistently used LLINs and ensured their household members used them as well (49%) for malaria prevention. Malaria preventive measures such as clearing stagnant water (66.6%), clearing bushes in the house compound (56%) and visiting health facilities when they fell sick (67.9%), were not consistently practiced by the caregivers. About 64% ensured their water storage containers were always closed. Caregivers with SHS education (aOR = 0.23, 95%CI [0.07-0.78], p = 0.018), and income below Gh¢500 (aOR = 5.81, 95%CI [2.45-13.79], P<.001) had increased odds of practising adequate malaria prevention. Unmarried caregivers (aOR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.09-0.42], p <.001) and caregivers not owning an LLIN (aOR = 0.09, 95% CI [0.02-0.43], p = 0.003) had decreased odds of practising adequate malaria prevention. Conclusion: Though caregivers in the Kpando Municipality had good possession of LLINs, repeated use and practice of other preventive practices against malaria were poor. Targeted community interventions and health education will be required to improve preventive practices against malaria among them. Caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards the prevention of malaria need to be explored in future studies to plan more effective behaviour change interventions.
Background: Time-series models forecasting plays key role in predicting TB cases. Despite of its importance some models consist of limitation that decrease its efficiency. To overcome this, adoption of optimal model with highly proficient forecasting is encouraged. Objective This study was aimed to adopt an optimal Time Series model for forecasting new and relapse Tuberculosis cases in Tanzania. Setting: The study use ARIMA, HWES and LSTM Time series models to find optimal modal that works efficiently on forecasting of TB cases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kibong’oto National Infectious Diseases Hospital, Moshi Tanzania from January 2021 to December 2024. Muilt- stage sampling was used to recruit 3911 TB cases registered from January 2015 to December 2020. A Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to create database with total of 2 columns and 72 row. Dataset was divided into training and testing cutoff points of 69% and 31% respectively to obtain optimal time series models as per Xu & Goodacre (2018). Tables and figures were used for interpretation of results. Results: A total of 3911 TB cases with annual average of 651.83. The periodic variations and declines were observed. The error metric values MAE, MAPE, and RMSE show ARIMA modal better performance on forecasting the TB cases due highest scores than others modals. Conclusion: The ARIMA model offers advanced predictions of TB cases, that help timely planning of prevention and control measures.
Violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) is a pervasive and deeply concerning global crisis that threatens the well-being of caregivers and the sustainability of health systems worldwide. This article examines the scope, causes, consequences, and potential solutions to this critical issue, with a specific focus on the situation in Iran. Globally, a significant percentage of HCWs experience physical, verbal, psychological, and sexual violence, with regional variations and underreporting being commonplace. In Iran, the problem is particularly severe, with high prevalence rates exacerbated by systemic factors such as public misinformation, cultural and financial problems, long waiting times, and a lack of trust in the justice system. The consequences of this violence are far-reaching, leading to severe psychological trauma for HCWs, reduced quality of patient care, occupational burnout, staff shortages, and ultimately, a weakened healthcare system. The article argues that addressing this multifaceted problem requires a coordinated, multi-level approach. Essential solutions include individual training in communication and de-escalation, organisational policies for reporting and support, and national-level interventions such as stringent deterrent laws, public awareness campaigns, and increased resource allocation to reduce systemic pressures. The conclusion emphasises that ensuring the safety of healthcare workers is not merely an occupational concern but a fundamental prerequisite for equitable and high-quality healthcare for all.
Background: Hemodynamic changes brought on by pregnancy, may affect the heart either by physiological or pathological changes. Preeclampsia-eclampsia (PE-E) primarily affects the cardiovascular system which leads to low cardiac output and a high systemic vascular resistance, this lead to abnormal adaptive mechanisms that may be a result of changes in vascular tone and may have effects on a woman's life. Methodology: 273 women from an obstetric ward or prenatal clinic who were at least 28 weeks pregnant and those who are 10 days postpartum at BMC participated in the comparative cross-sectional study. Transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) were performed along with interviews of the recruited subjects. A questionnaire was implemented to gather data, and STATA version 13 was used for analysis. A level of statistical significance was defined as less than 0.05 p-value in multivariate logistic regression. Results: 49.45% out of 273 women, had PE-E. 78.7% out of 273 participants were ≤ 35 years of age. The prevalence of abnormal structural cardiac characteristics was 60% and 28.57% in PE-E and normotensive pregnant women respectively, while the prevalence of abnormal functional cardiac characteristics between them was nearly the same. No difference in LA enlargement between PE-E and normotensive pregnant women. Interventricular septum and posterior wall thickness of the LV were more than 5 to 8-fold in PE-E compared to normotensive pregnant women. EF and diastolic dysfunction were 3 and 2 fold respectively, in PE-E compared to normotensive pregnant women. Abnormal structural cardiac characteristics were more common among women with severe forms of PE-E by 2 to 9 fold, but there is no statistically significant in functional cardiac characteristics with the severity of PE-E. Conclusion and recommendations: Structural and functional cardiac abnormalities were more common in PE-E than in normotensive pregnant women, hence TTE should include as a part of an investigation into PE-E and symptomatic normotensive. Cardiac structural and functional should be followed up in patients with PE-E even after termination of pregnancy. There is a need for a larger longitudinal study to determine the proper timing of cardiac evaluation in PE-E both during ANC and post-delivery.
The world got hit by lethal viral infection in the year 2019, spreading from Wuhan city of China. It affected the lives of people all around the world. So to control the situation, rich countries made different vaccines which eventually got access in developing and poor countries too. To minimize the death toll Nepal too initiated the vaccination program on Jan 27, 2021. This project shows the detailed results of the study of COVID-19 vaccination of Dang and Bardiya districts. The main objective is to analyze and study the collected vaccination data. The collected data are presented in the form of charts, bars and tables for its better understanding. The data is collected on the basis of age, gender and types of vaccines used etc. Qualitative and Quantitative approaches were used to collect data. 6 different types of vaccines were used including Verocell, COVID-SHIELD, Astrazeneca, Moderna, J & J and Pfizer. The government of Nepal aimed tovaccinate the total population of Dang and Bardiya districts. Out of 6.69 lakhs population of Dang 53.8% were fully vaccinated whereas only 32.9% were fully vaccinated out of 4.86 lakhs population of Bardiya district. The world got hit by lethal viral infection in the year 2019, spreading from Wuhan city of China. It affected the lives of people all around the world. So to control the situation, rich countries made different vaccines which eventually got access in developing and poor countries too. To minimize the death toll Nepal too initiated the vaccination program on Jan 27, 2021. This project shows the detailed results of the study of COVID-19 vaccination of Dang and Bardiya districts. The main objective is to analyze and study the collected vaccination data. The collected data are presented in the form of charts, bars and tables for its better understanding. The data is collected on the basis of age, gender and types of vaccines used etc. Qualitative and Quantitative approaches were used to collect data. Six different types of vaccines were used including Verocell, COVID-SHIELD, Astrazeneca, Moderna, J& J and Pfizer. The government of Nepal aimed to vaccinate the total population of Dang and Bardiya districts. Out of 6.69 lakhs population of Dang 53.8% were fully vaccinated whereas only 32.9% were fully vaccinated out of 4.86 lakhs population of Bardiya district.
Background: Maternal postpartum hospital readmissions are of importance concern in the field of maternal health with most of maternal deaths occurred includes those women who were readmitted in the hospital after initial admission for delivery. There is no information on the reasons for maternal postpartum hospital readmissions and factors associated with their readmissions. The proposed study was set to examine maternal readmissions and associated factors so as to take specific preventive measures among women who delivered at Bugando Medical Centre. Methodology: This was a 4-years retrospective descriptive study. Patient files (case notes) of women who were readmitted within 42 days after discharge from initial delivery admission between 1stJanuary 2014 to 31st December 2017 and meet the inclusion criteria were included. Results: There were 29664 deliveries in the four years of the study, 73.6% (n =21837) were by vagina deliveries and 26.4% (n=7827) by caesarean section. During this period 285 cases of maternal postpartum hospital readmission were identified, making a readmission rate of 9.6 cases per 1000 deliveries (1%). Two hundred and fifty two case files (88.4%) were available for analysis. The highest indication of maternal postpartum hospital readmissions was puerperal sepsis 50.8% (n=128). There was an identified association between type of labour and MPHR with puerperal sepsis. There were five maternal deaths among the cases, giving a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.7%.Conclusion: The rate of maternal postpartum hospital readmission in this study was relatively low as compared to other studies. Majority of the study population were readmitted with puerperal sepsis and elective caesarean sections as type of labour were less associated with maternal readmission with puerperal sepsis.
Background: Upper Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a safe procedure, and widely available technique for investigation of upper GI conditions. The demand for the investigation continues resulting in an increase number of endoscopic procedures. This observation little information is available in BMC regarding the profile of patients attending for endoscopic examination. The study aim to determine the endoscopic and clinicopathological patterns of upper GI tract conditions and establish agreement between biopsied endoscopic findings and histopathological findings of upper GI tract conditions among patients attending BMC. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients with upper gastrointestinal tract conditions receiving endoscopic examination with or without biopsy at BMC between January and May 2020. Recruitment of patient based on serial technique and endoscopic examination done under short sedation. Biopsy were taken on the same sit in eligible patient and preserved in 10% formalin for further histology evaluation. Results: Total of 150 participants were included in the study,139 (92.7%) were attended from outpatient clinics and 11 (7.3%) from inpatients. The median age was 50[IQR 34-65] years. Dyspepsia was the leading clinical presentation 87 (58.0%). In the study population, 141 (94.0%) had abnormal endoscopic findings. Gastritis was the leading finding in both endoscopic and histopathological finding with 41(29.1%) and 36(32.1%). Among patients with abnormal histopathological findings, 23 were esophageal malignancies, 10 gastric malignancies, and 1 duodenal malignancy. The Kappa value 0.778 considered a substantial agreement between endoscopic findings and histopathological findings where K value interpreted as <0.4 as fair, 0.4 to 0.6 as moderate, 0.6 to 0.8 substantial and >0.8 near perfect. Conclusion: Dyspepsia was the commonest clinical presentation among the study participants while gastritis was the leading finding on both endoscopic and histopathological results, followed by esophageal and gastric malignancy. There is substantial agreement between endoscopic and histopathological findings; therefore endoscopy is incomplete without biopsy and histopathology as the gold standard for the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal conditions.
Even though it has decreased over the past three decades, diarrheal sickness continues to be a major global cause of death for children. There is a strong correlation between childhood rotavirus, diarrhea, climate factors, and malnutrition. On the other hand, a significant nutritional shift (lower levels of undernutrition) among children mal five has been documented in the last ten years, especially in developing nations like Bangladesh, where rotavirus infection has also been on the rise. Given the pathophysiology of rotavirus, there may be a link between the changing diet, the environment, and other artificial factors in urban areas such as Dhaka, Bangladesh, and the rise in rotavirus infections. Under-five malnutrition is still a major problem in Bangladesh, despite significant socioeconomic progress and ten years of initiatives to reduce it. Many research have been conducted in an attempt to identify the primary risk factors for malnutrition; however, none of these have looked into the importance of low birth weight (LBW) 36%. Bangladesh has seen a notable decline in the incidence of pediatric diarrhea deaths in recent decades. Over the past few decades, Bangladesh, a heavily populated country with limited resources, has managed to achieve a notable reduction in the death rate of pediatric diarrhea. Some of the obstacles that still need to be overcome in order to further lower the burden of disease and mortality brought on by diarrhea are enhancing hand hygiene practices, expanding zinc coverage for diarrhea treatment, and maintaining nutritional improvement. To increase intervention coverage and hasten the end of diarrheal mortality among children in Bangladesh, ongoing collaboration with non-governmental organizations and the private sector is necessary, as is the adoption of pluralistic health system platforms for the delivery of preventative and curative services.
Objective To perform a survey on the current prevalence of hypertension in company employees, so as to improve the awareness rate, treatment rate, and control rate of hypertension, and also to provide theoretical basis for health promotion for all employees. Methods A total of 1762 employees from a company in Wuhu participated in this study. Parameters including height, body mass, blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, and uric acid were measured. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results Among the 1762 employees, 629 had hypertension with an overall prevalence rate of 35.70%. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in males than that in females (39.43% vs. 29.17%, P<0.05). And the prevalence rate of hypertension increased with age in both genders. The overall awareness rate, treatment rate, and control rate of hypertension were 69.95%, 56.44% and 29.73%, respectively; these rate were generally lower in males (69.46%, 53.17% and 28.73%) compared with those in females (71.12%, 64.17% and 32.09%), and the difference in treatment rate was statistically significant between males and females (P<0.05). Based on the diagnostic criteria of hypertension, participants were divided into the hypertension group (n=629) and the normotension group (n=1133). The mean age, SBP, DBP, heart rate, body mass index, rate of alcohol use, as well as the detection rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia in the hypertension group were significantly higher than those in the normotension group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension is high, and the awareness rate, treatment rate, and control rate of hypertension are generally low in company employees. It is important to strengthen health education and health knowledge promotion among employees, raise their awareness of hypertension prevention and treatment, and urge them to change their unhealthy eating habit and lifestyle, which may contribute to health promotion for all.
Objective: By conducting an investigation into the epidemiological conditions of overweight, obesity and "three highs" (Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia) among the company's employees, a theoretical basis is provided for carrying out health education for employees. Methods: A total of 1,946 employees of a certain company in Wuhu were selected as the research subjects. Their height, body weight, blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid were measured in 2014, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. Results: The detection rates of overweight, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in the research subjects were 40.80%, 9.20%, 30.83%, 20.45% and 35.46% respectively. Among them, the detection rates of male employees' overweight, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were all higher than those of female employees', and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The comparison of the detection rates of obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia among the research subjects aged < 30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years and aged ≥60 years showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Moreover, with the increase of age, the detection rates of hypertension and hyperglycemia in the research subjects showed an upward trend. The comparison of the detection rates of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia among the research subjects with underweight, normal, overweight and obesity body mass index (BMI) showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Moreover, with the change of BMI (from emaciation to obesity), the detection rates of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in the research subjects all showed an upward trend. Conclusion: The research subjects have prominent symptoms of overweight, obesity and "three highs", and there is an urgent need to carry out health education for them, including healthy diet, moderate exercise and regular physical examination.
