The article presents the results of a study of the psychophysiological properties of a person in professional activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the role of humans in human-machine systems, to study the influence of the human psychophysiological state on safe production using sociological and instrumental methods, and to develop a system for engineering and psychological assessment of the reliability of a human operator. In this work, social (questionnaires) and instrumental methods (NS-Psychotest) are used, which make it possible to determine the influence of certain factors on the commission of «mistakes» by a person, leading to various incidents. Identify the workers who are most likely to engage in dangerous activities. Comprehensive instrument assessment methods allowed us to determine professionally significant features of the body, the functional state of the body, which helps to prevent emergencies and develop optimal work and rest regimes; internal personality traits. The object of the study was operators of a gasified boiler house, the sample was characterized by gender (21 people were men, 9 people were women) and age (3 groups were identified: 1 group – from 18 to 24 years old; 2 group – from 25 to 44 years old; 3 group – from 45 to 69 years old). When processing the results of sociological and psychophysiological research, it can be concluded, even without complex mathematical calculations, that these methods should be carried out jointly. Sociological research provides only a superficial «image» of an employee in his activity, without defining professionally significant physiological characteristics of a person, which in turn have a huge impact on the reliability of the system as a whole. According to the results of the study, a certain percentage of employees were identified who are not suitable for the operator of a gasified boiler house, thus these methods made it possible to identify «weak» employees who are prone to emergency and unsafe activities.
Falls from height are one of the most dangerous types of injury, resulting from loss of stability and resulting in impact with the ground or various obstacles. This problem is recognized as one of the most serious in global healthcare. According to World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, falls kill more than 700,000 people worldwide each year, making this type of injury the second-leading cause of death from unintentional injuries. In Russia, even with a general decline in occupational injuries, falls from height remain the leading cause of severe and fatal accidents, particularly in the construction and related industries. The relevance of this study is determined by the persistently high level of danger associated with working at height and the need for new engineering approaches to improve safety systems. Despite the availability of a wide range of personal and collective protective equipment, existing fall protection devices often fail to fully meet modern safety requirements due to design flaws and the limited lifespan of the materials used. In this regard, the development and scientific validation of modernized solutions aimed at increasing the effectiveness of collective protective equipment, which is the last line of defense preventing worker death, is particularly important. Such developments must not only comply with strict occupational safety requirements but also take into account the realities of construction site operations, including exposure to aggressive environments and climatic factors, making the search for new materials and design solutions particularly crucial. The purpose of this article is to improve occupational safety at height by optimizing the design and materials of protective nets as the primary means of collective protection, ensuring reliable coverage of potential worker fall zones and preventing serious consequences during work at height.
In the context of increasing oil and gas production intensity and stricter environmental requirements, the recycling of reagents and the reduction of the anthropogenic load on the environment are of particular importance. One of the key modern challenges is the reuse of methanol, which is used as a hydrate inhibitor and a heat transfer agent in gas treatment plants. The problem of solid deposits formation during the regeneration of water-methanol solutions remains relevant, threatening the reliability of heat exchange equipment and reducing the efficiency of regeneration. The purpose of the study was to develop and experimentally substantiate the technology of reagent treatment of water-methanol solutions at the methanol regeneration unit in order to minimize contamination of process equipment and increase the efficiency of regeneration. The article discusses technological approaches to the purification of water from calcium, magnesium, and iron ions, which lead to the formation of insoluble compounds and deposits. Laboratory data have revealed the ability of the formed solid deposits to dissolve in hydrochloric acid and their magnetic properties, indicating their affiliation to hardness salts and iron compounds. It has been established that the oxidation of iron to its trivalent form and the coagulation of the resulting hydroxide to form brown flakes are activated at 30–40 °C. A preliminary reagent treatment of water-methanol solutions is proposed to bind calcium, magnesium, and iron ions into insoluble compounds, which will be separated using filters. Experimental data show the effectiveness of salt occlusion when using soda ash and sodium hydroxide: complete precipitation of calcium and magnesium, and partial precipitation of iron, increasing the pH to ~11, followed by acidification to pH ≈ 8.6 to prevent corrosion. Optimal dosages have been determined: soda ash – 0.5 g/l; sodium hydroxide – 0.2 g/l; calcium hydroxide – 4.2 mg-eq/l; coagulant MetaPAC50 – 0.1 g/l. It is recommended to pre-treat the water-methanol solutions with soda ash at a rate of 0.2 g/l, with the modernization of filtration equipment and a possible neutralizer in case of a sharp increase in pH. At the experimental stage, the features of the solution density instability and incomplete achievement of the target pH values were revealed, which requires further calibration of the solution preparation modes and determination of the proportions of soda ash and caustic soda (the optimal ratio is 2 : 1). The result is the confirmation of the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technology for the reagent treatment of water-methanol solutions to reduce the contamination of heat and mass transfer equipment, improve the quality of methanol regeneration, and extend the service life of the water-methanol solutions. The environmental safety of the technology is confirmed by maintaining the regulated parameters for the injection of industrial wastewater.
This article is a continuation of a previously published paper [1], which conducted a metagenomic analysis of the microbial community composition of the Kondinskoye and Chaprovskoye oil fields at the phylum and class levels. The first part also presented the geographic and geological characteristics of the fields, the physicochemical properties of the formation waters, and the methodology for conducting the molecular biology experiment. This study analyzed the composition of the microbiome at the genus level and assessed the potential contribution of the microbiological component to corrosion. Effective protection against biocorrosion requires thorough and timely monitoring of the abundance and content of corrosive microorganisms. This paper is devoted to the study of bacteria and archaea in formation waters of the Kondinskoye and Chaprovsky oil fields. High-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify the microbiome composition and analyze the community at the genus level. Microorganisms with proven corrosion activity were identified: the bacterial genera Pseudomonas, Acetobacterium, Shewanella, Fusibacter, Desulfovibrio, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfobulbus, Thermodesulfobacterium, and Desulfotomaculum, and the archaea Archaeoglobus, Methanothermobacter, Methanolobus, and Methanosaeta. According to metagenomic analysis, the maximum content of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in planktonic communities was 1.4 %. Inoculation in a culture medium revealed the number of viable SRB populations.
In this work, a new flame arrester has been developed, containing flame arresting nozzles located with a gap relative to each other in a housing with inlet and outlet openings. The fire barrier contains fire-blocking elements (FBE) located with a gap relative to each other in a housing with inlet and outlet openings, where, to reduce the burnout of fire-blocking elements and resistance to the flow of the medium, detonation, fire-blocking elements are made of ceramic balls with a diameter of 2–3 mm in the direction from the inlet to the outlet of the housing, in a perforated cone and spring-loaded with a piston It also contains fire-blocking discs along the total length of the cone and piston with a gap between the discs of 0.1–0.2 mm and a disc thickness of 1–3 mm.
The article analyzes the application of artificial intelligence in industrial safety, focusing on the use of language models for automating the processing of regulatory documentation. The study analyzes the professional functions of industrial safety specialists according to the relevant professional standard and identifies common challenges in the development of production control programs. A comparative analysis of modern artificial intelligence systems was conducted, resulting in the selection of ChatGPT as the most universal tool for the given tasks. The scientific novelty lies in the first evaluation of ChatGPT’s performance in developing production control programs in accordance with the requirements of the Government Decree of the Russian Federation № 2168. The research highlights the advantages of artificial intelligence tools (speed, structure, reduction of routine workload) and their limitations (template-style outputs, lack of regulatory referencing). The results demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence implementation in industrial safety management and emphasize the necessity of expert review of automatically generated documents.
The relevance of the study is due to the intensive development of geological exploration for hydrocarbons and mineral raw materials, which is associated with increased radiation risks for personnel. The opening of rocks with an abnormal content of natural radionuclides poses a threat of external and internal exposure, which requires the development of effective methods for predicting and managing radiation hazards at the early stages of field development. The problem lies in the lack of a systematic approach linking the conditions of formation of sedimentary strata with the distribution of radioactive elements in them, which is necessary for early planning and further implementation of protective measures. The aim of the work is to assess the influence of sedimentation conditions on the formation of the natural background of rocks, and on this basis to develop methods for predicting radiation risks during geological exploration. Lithological and facies analysis is used as the main research method, which allows paleoreconstruction of sedimentation processes and identification of patterns in the spatial distribution of rocks. Additionally, the basics of electrometric modeling were used to study this topic (the characteristics of gamma logging forms for facies environments are given), granulometric and geochemical analyses. As a result of the study, a clear correlation was established between the genetic type of facies and the level of their natural radioactivity. It has been revealed that the maximum concentrations of natural radionuclides are typical for environments associated with the accumulation of finely dispersed clay material and organic matter under reducing conditions (black shales, lacustrine, ancient and floodplain facies), as well as for placers containing accessory minerals. The minimum values of radioactivity were recorded in pure sandy (Aeolian, riverbed) and chemogenic (evaporites, carbonates) sediments. Based on the analysis, a summary table has been compiled, ranking 21 types of sedimentation environments by radiation background level. The key conclusion of the work is that lithological and facies analysis is an effective tool not only for paleogeographic reconstructions, but also for predictive assessment of radiation risks. The introduction of protective measures into the practice of geological exploration will minimize the dose burden on personnel and ensure compliance with industrial safety requirements.
Modern industrial cooling systems that use closed water circuits play a significant role in maintaining the stable operation of numerous technological processes in industry. This article examines the characteristics and types of corrosion as the main operational problem in closed-loop cooling systems, describes the primary mechanisms of corrosion damage development in relation to environmental conditions, and presents a comparative assessment of the corrosion resistance of various heat exchanger construction materials. The dependence of the corrosion rate on the physicochemical quality indicators (pH, salinity, suspended solids, biological contamination, etc.) of both the circulating and different types of makeup water used to fill the system is established. An overview is presented of reagent-based methods for protecting equipment in closed cooling circuits from various types of corrosion damage. Probable mechanisms of corrosion inhibition using cathodic, anodic, and mixed types of inhibitors to reduce corrosion rates in materials such as aluminum, copper, and steel are considered. The prospects for applying different reagent protection methods in closed-loop cooling systems are evaluated.
The fundamental factor determining the specialist qualification is training. The quality of material mastering at different stages of training determines the specialist's future effectiveness, characterized by the correctness of the execution or solution of tasks, as well as the speed of processing these requests. In terms of ensuring the safety of hazardous production facilities, the quality of specialist training, the mastering of educational programs and, as a result, its further effectiveness become an essential part in terms of readiness to respond to abnormal and emergency situations. Making the right and quick decisions based on the knowledge and experience gained helps to reduce possible damage. Assessment of the quality of specialist training in programs of various levels of education is an urgent issue for companies operating hazardous production facilities. The purpose of the research described in the article is to develop methodological approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of personnel training at hazardous production facilities in the oil and gas industry based on the consideration of psychological aspects in the «human – technical system– production environment» system. The object of the study is a system for evaluating the effectiveness of personnel training at hazardous production facilities, and the subject of the study is taking into account the current functional state when solving evaluation tasks. The analysis of modern approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of staff training and the analysis of the role of staff training in the reliability of human-machine systems is carried out. Based on the methodology for assessing the role of the functional state of a person in the emergency response system, an experiment was conducted among graduate students of the university. Based on the results of the experiment, the influence of the current functional state of students on the mastering of educational programs was determined and the applicability of the developed methodology was established.
To improve the efficiency of the gas absorption fractionation unit's furnaces, it is necessary to replace old burner equipment with new ones. To gather information on gas burners manufactured and used in industrial applications in the Russian Federation, a search and comparative analysis of burner equipment was conducted. The study examined the technical specifications, design, operating principle, and application areas of burners similar to the GGR 340, including the GGR 340M, GGR 750, and GNVM, and identified the advantages and disadvantages. The GGR 340M radiant gas burner is an injection burner with partial premixing and is designed for burning natural and refinery gases in tubular furnaces in the oil refining, petrochemical, and gas industries. The GGR 750 radiant gas burner with a flat flame is designed for burning natural and refinery gases. It features incomplete premixing of gas with air, annular distribution of the gas-air mixture onto the flat surface, and secondary air supply through an annular gap around the injection tube. GNVM burners are equipped with a built-in continuous pilot burner with electric ignition. Based on the study's results, the burner equipment's characteristics were compared and a conclusion was reached regarding a possible replacement. Replacing burner equipment on process furnaces can significantly improve furnace efficiency and minimize installation costs, as the design features of these burners differ only slightly from those already in use. The new equipment also features a number of advanced innovations necessary for safer operation.
The relevance of the study is associated with the growing interest in the catalytic conversion of acetone into aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly mesitylene, which is valuable as a solvent, an intermediate for organic synthesis, and a petrochemical product. At the same time, industrial implementation of this process is associated with several risks caused by the handling of flammable and toxic substances, elevated temperatures, catalyst coking, heat and mass transfer disturbances, and the formation of aggressive by-products. The aim of the study is to identify the key risk factors and substantiate measures to improve the industrial safety of the process of mesitylene production from acetone using titanosilicate catalysts. The properties of the feedstock (acetone), intermediate products (mesityl oxide), by-products (isophorone, acetic acid), the features of temperature regimes, the effect of catalyst degradation, and typical accident scenarios were analyzed. It was found that the units posing the greatest fire and explosion hazard are acetone storage and evaporation systems, the fixed-bed reactor, heat exchangers, distillation columns, and intermediate product circulation loops. It was also established that process safety is significantly influenced by the water content in the feed, changes in the acid-base properties of the catalyst, and the formation of acetic acid, mesityl oxide, isophorone, and high-boiling condensation products. It is substantiated that improving the level of industrial safety should be based on an integrated approach, including equipment inerting, multilevel monitoring of temperature and pressure drop, catalyst condition monitoring, prevention of coking, control of corrosion-hazardous media, and the application of HAZOP, LOPA, and barrier analysis methods.
This article analyzes the use of anti-filtration systems (AFS) for the localization of toxic waste at sites with accumulated environmental damage: a former chemical plant in Chapayevsk, the Krasny Bor landfill, and the industrial site of Usolye-Sibirskoye Chemical Plant LLC. This article examines technologies for constructing diaphragm wall systems, including the diaphragm wall method, the use of geosynthetics, and injection waterproofing, as well as their adaptation to specific geoecological conditions and pollutant types. Numerical modeling and experimental filtration work demonstrate the effectiveness of diaphragm wall systems in reducing the migration of toxic substances, including mercury, heavy metals, and petroleum products. Problems associated with karst activity and uneven pollution are identified, and recommendations for enhancing monitoring and optimizing structures are proposed. This article will be of interest to specialists in geotechnics, environmental safety, and the reclamation of contaminated sites.
This article is devoted to modeling the diesel fuel hydrotreating process at the Cienfuegos refinery (Republic of Cuba) using historical operating data and the Calibrate module of the Petro-SIM software. To construct a representative process model, operating data since 2012 was collected and analyzed. The model was calibrated by adjusting the reactor's kinetic and thermodynamic parameters to simulate real operating conditions. Validation of the model was performed by comparing the modeling results with actual plant data, which demonstrated an average deviation of less than 5 % for key analyzed parameters, including material balance, product quality indicators (hydrotreated diesel fuel), and chemical hydrogen consumption. The calibrated model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting reactor operation, making it a reliable tool for evaluating alternative operating modes. The results can be used for plant optimization and feasibility studies for processing new feedstocks.
Vacuum gas oil hydrotreating plants operate at high temperatures (350–420 °C) and pressures (3–10 MPa) with the simultaneous presence of hydrogen, hydrocarbons and heterogeneous catalysts, which creates prerequisites for the formation of explosive zones and thermal incidents. A systematic analysis of Russian and foreign patents (1995–2024) reveals the main directions of technical solutions to reduce technological risks: modification of catalytic systems to reduce the process temperature and intensity of coke formation, optimization of circuit solutions using ionic liquid extraction and two-stage processing, improvement of catalyst regeneration procedures. The considered developments in the field of continuous monitoring systems – fiber-optic monitoring of corrosion processes under insulation, automatic control of critical process parameters, remote data transmission via satellite channels – demonstrate the transition from reactive protection measures to proactive emergency prevention strategies. The evolution of approaches from a simple increase in the rigidity of conditions to fine-tuning of operating parameters through the use of highly active catalysts based on heteropoly compounds and macroporous carriers has been revealed. Promising areas of further research are outlined, including the development of intelligent systems for predicting equipment failures and adaptive process control algorithms.
The petrochemical and chemical sectors play a significant role in modern industry, relying on hydrocarbons as the primary raw material for their production. Pumping equipment plays a vital role in this process, creating the necessary pressures and transferring fluids from one unit to another. The presence of aggressive chemicals in processes poses a significant hazard, potentially leading to accidents. It is essential to ensure safe equipment operation measures that comply with current requirements and are predictive in nature. When operating pumping equipment, it is necessary to adhere to and consider a number of measures established by industrial safety requirements. The aim of this study is to identify effective measures aimed at improving safety during the operation of pumping equipment in petrochemical facilities. This article examines current technical regulation and industrial safety requirements for the technical devices under study, operating at hazardous production facilities, and proposes measures to improve worker safety associated with pump operation at petrochemical facilities. A comparative analysis of various regulations regarding the same type of equipment is presented, and a proposal is made to rank the level of measures to improve the safe operation of pumps.
Oil pollution has a devastating impact on soil ecosystems, disrupting their structure, water regime, and functional properties. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of soil particle size distribution and physicochemical characteristics on the effectiveness of electrochemical remediation processes for removing oil products. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory setup using graphite electrodes and an electrolytic solution under controlled voltage and current parameters. Oil-contaminated soil samples were treated under various conditions for 150 minutes. Process parameters were monitored through continuous measurement of voltage and current, as well as ambient temperature using a thermal imaging camera to detect zones of the most intense electrochemical reactions. During the experiments, electrochemical treatment parameters were monitored over a voltage range of 0.3 to 200 V and a current of 0.07 to 1.2 A, depending on the electrical conductivity of the soil system and moisture content. This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the behavior of loamy soils in an electric field and the characteristics of oil product migration. The experiments demonstrate that the electrochemical method works well on chernozem, but the nature of the processes involved suggests it will be quite effective on other soil types as well. By adjusting the electrolyte composition and processing regime, the method can be applied to loamy, sandy, and other soils.
In the context of growing competition in the petroleum refining market, deep processing of by-products and identifying new, high-margin applications for them are key factors for improving profitability. This article examines the potential of raffinate from the catalytic reforming unit L-35/6, which is currently used as low-value feedstock for pyrolysis.Based on detailed simulation in the Petro-SIM software, a two-stage rectification process flow scheme has been developed and optimized. This scheme enables the production of high-quality heptane solvent with n-heptane content exceeding 85 % wt. The paper provides detailed material balances, justifies the process operating parameters, and confirms that the quality of the target product meets strict industry standards.A comprehensive economic assessment occupies a central place in this work. It demonstrates that shifting from selling raffinate to producing a specialized solvent can increase the marginality of this stream several-fold. The research results prove that implementing the project will not only enhance the enterprise’s economic performance but also diversify its product portfolio by entering the market for highly liquid chemical products.
The purpose of article is comparison of models of industrial safety of oil and gas production facilities in Russia and United States of America. The Federal Law «On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Industrial Facilities» dated July 21, 1997 No. 116 presents modern foundations of industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities, which include majority of oil and gas production facilities in Russia, and also contains basic industrial safety requirements imposed on hazardous industrial facilities. In Russia, inspections of compliance with industrial safety requirements are carried out by Rostekhnadzor inspectors, and their frequency depends on hazard class of facility. Rostekhnadzor participates in accident investigations and issues licenses for operation of hazardous oil and gas production facilities. In United States of America, oil and gas production facilities are classified as so-called «high-risk industries», and several organizations are responsible for safety issues, with concept of «industrial safety» being virtually nonexistent. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration of United States of America ensures compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Act (primary regulatory document governing workplace safety), develops occupational safety standards and monitors their implementation (conducting inspections and imposing fines), and provides training and consulting services on occupational safety for organizations. The independent federal agency of United States of America – Chemical Safety Board investigates accidents at oil and gas production facilities. Each state has its own agency that issues drilling permits. This may be Oil and Gas Commission, Department of Environmental Conservation, another agency with similar functions. Thus, the industrial safety models in Russia and United States of America differ significantly from each other. In the United States of America, industrial safety is integrated into occupational safety, while in Russia industrial safety is an independent scientific and technical area.
The article presents the results of a comprehensive design of a wastewater treatment plant for phenol with a capacity of 420,000 tons per year, based on the technological regulations of the wastewater treatment plant at Gazprom neftekhim Salavat, LLC. The purpose of the work is to develop and justify optimal technological solutions for creating an industrial adsorption plant that effectively treats wastewater for phenol to meet regulatory requirements. The article provides a description of the quality of the raw materials and the used adsorbent. The article analyzes modern methods for phenol purification and substantiates the effectiveness of the adsorption method using activated carbon of the AG-3 brand. The sorption process of phenol was modeled using the basic principles of phenol adsorption dynamics on a fixed bed of adsorbent. The optimal range of fictitious flow rate (2.9–10.8 m/h) was identified, which ensures minimal capital and operating costs. The technological calculations of the main equipment, such as adsorbers, heat exchange equipment, tanks, separators, and pumps, were performed using well-known methods. The calculation of the K-1 rectification column for separating the benzene-phenol binary mixture was performed using the UniSim Design software. The results of calculating an adsorber with a fixed adsorbent layer are presented. A functional automation scheme is proposed. A cycle of operation of adsorbers is developed, which allows for the most efficient technological mode. The main technical and economic indicators were determined: the cost of wastewater treatment from phenol per 1 ton (630.6 rubles), daily productivity (1200 tons/day), number of working days (350 days), installation capacity (420000 tons/year), the cost of fixed assets (1500 million rubles), the company's fee for placement waste of the second hazard class (for the total volume of wastewater) («Kama-1») (835,880 million rubles/year), the company's fee for the disposal of waste of the 2nd hazard class (for isolated phenol) («Kama-1») (0.041 million rubles/year). The economic assessment of the proposed project includes the economic effect (835.88 million rubles), the internal rate of return (53.87 %), and the payback period (2.66 years).
The article examines the problems of occupational morbidity of workers of various enterprises, as well as provides statistical data for recent years. The article reflects the most important aspects in the field of occupational diseases, such as the most common types of occupational diseases of workers and their impact on health. The main diseases and problems associated with insufficient prevention, low knowledge level workers about risks and their consequences due to ignorance of safety requirements and lack of effective control measures at work have been identified. Having analyzed all types of risks, recommendations are proposed for improving working conditions in the workplace and improving health monitoring systems, as well as workers training and increasing their knowledge about occupational diseases. The article emphasizes the importance of minimizing occupational diseases in various fields of activity, as well as maintaining the health of workers and improving working conditions in the workplace.
