Essentially advertisement impacts children and their conduct in the general public. Their consequences for the children are comprehensive. The reality of TV impact varies from tyke to kid. At to start with, children face issues in disentangling TV programs, most advertising offices
Rural development programs refer to all the interventions, usually implemented by the state or by aid agencies routed through the state agencies. In Indian context, these generally include policies and attempts made for alleviating the socio-economic conditions of the poor in the villages or developing backward areas. Before rural development can be successful, the important role of women has to be acknowledged. Moreover, they have to be fully integrated. Though the Government of India declared year 2001 as ‘Women's Empowerment Year’ to focus on a vision ‘where women are equal partners like men’, but still to recognize women as the driving force for rural development. The existing models of farmer field school and farmer-to-farmer learning approaches have yet to recognize women from taking advantage of such technology transfer approaches. It is important to explore the concept of increasing rural women's skills as technology trainers and knowledge providers in the rural areas. In-depth assessments of the roles and constraints faced by rural women in different circumstances should be undertaken in order to guide the development and application of appropriate technologies. Training should build according to their capacity and should be tied together to improve rural women's access to technical information. Thus the paper brings out the concept of Force field analysis in managing the E-Education among rural women, and their standards of living. The idea is to diffuse the concept of E-Education/innovation among rural women in making them more self independent, self-employed efficient, which inturn helps in the process of E-Governance.
Knowledge is the symbol of prosperity, key to development, power of mind and life of brain. India is approaching knowledge-based economy; it has the potential to become a knowledge superpower. The foundations of Knowledge organizations are their valuable people. According to Peter Drucker, Knowledge workers are those employees who combine their strong analytical and theoretical knowledge to come up with radically new ideas. Knowledge capital creates the long lasting competitive advantage. This means that locating and retaining knowledge workers is the single most important challenge for any company competing in the changing environment.
The concept of workers’ participation in management has been exercising the thoughts of management experts, industrial owners, working class and research scholars the world over. Many earlier studies have proved that the root cause for the failure of WPM is lack of favourable attitude of workers and management. Therefore the present study was conducted to find out attitudinal ambience prevailing in the mill. The study on the attitude of workers and management clearly surface the fact that there is correct attitudinal ambience prevailing in the mill. The urge for participation is also not wanting on the part of workers. The attitude of the management is also very much conducive for nurturing participative climate in the mill. In other words there is a very favourable psychological environment prevailing in the mill. However lack of continuing orientation and educational programme both for management and workers, lack of participative opportunities at various levels, inadequate delegation of authority, lack of training programme, lack of follow up machinery for implementing suggestions of the workers and absence of legislative support are hindering the effective functioning of WPM. Therefore the scheme would succeed if these negatives are addressed by mill authorities successfully. Fire is hot; iron is ready and strike it now. It is concluded that the WPM scheme would be a tremendous success in the very good participative climate in the absence of negativities pointed out in the study.
It is a systematic means of finding and inducing available candidates to apply to the company for employment. The promotions from within is a widely accepted and long established policy in many organizations, large and small. Even when no such policy has been formally stated, practice often indicates its general acceptance. While promoting the employees to higher position; seniority, merit and trade test should be considered, but with this the management has also to consider: Personal behavior, past performance, attendance, proper interaction with labour and management etc. Trade unions come into action only when an employee is done an injustice in case of his promotion. The unions cannot fight for the employee even recommend him when he is not fitting into any of the promotion criteria. The present study tried to know the role of unions in providing the promotion.
Leadership effectiveness is considered as one of the major impediments in implementing change and innovation in organizations. Leadership effectiveness when assessed in terms of skill set possessed include ability to coach, ability to reward, ability to communicate, ability to motivate, ability to involve and support others, ability to promote team work and collaboration. The present study has been conducted among PSU employees, asking them to assess the leadership effectiveness of their middle level managers. This assumes greater significance, since effectively managing change in Public sector enterprises has been a challenge and middle level managers are mostly involved in the change implementation. The study found that of the various leadership skills possessed by managers, only ability to communicate showed significant relationship with change effectiveness. The study also revealed no association between demographic variables variables taken for study i.e., age, gender, salary, years of experience, position/rank of employees and their perception towards leadership skills exhibited by managers. It is suggested that organizations do make changes in their HR systems, mainly Performance appraisal and training & development systems, by incorporating leadership behaviours exhibited by managers into these.
The Government and the Reserve Bank have taken several initiatives to bring the underprivileged and weaker sections of the society within the banking fold, which have had a favourable impact. However, the magnitude of the problem is enormous and still a sizeable portion of the rural and urban low income population has very little access to financial services. These groups pay a high premium for accessing credit from moneylenders and other informal sources. There is, thus, a need to expand the outreach of the formal financial system to include rural and urban poor. In the Indian context, financial inclusion has been described as the provision of affordable financial services, viz., access to payments and remittance facilities, savings, loans and insurance services by the formal financial system to those who are excluded. Deepening the financial system and widening its reach is crucial for both accelerating growth and for equitable distribution. The major causes of financial exclusion often cited include relatively low extension of institutional credit in rural areas due to perception of high risk, high operating costs, lack of rural infrastructure, and vast geographical spread of the country with more than half a million villages, some sparsely populated. The micro factors, which are perceived to inhibit credit flow to disadvantaged groups, mainly include factors such as lack of awareness of financial products and services, the procedures for obtaining agricultural non-farm loans, staffing and human resources, and lack of effective legislation for regulating money lending. This paper describes the future prospective of financial inclusion in India and also explains how technology plays a vital role in application.
The equity shareholders are real owners of company form of business organizations. They all invest their money in equity shares of a company with the primary motive of achieving good capital appreciation and regular & stable return (i.e., dividends). The investors’ objectives are purely based on the profitability and financial performance of the company. So, investors before taking their investment decisions, they consider several factors which influence the corporate performance. For measuring the corporate financial performance, there are accounting profitability measures and shareholders’ value based measures. Accounting profitability measures include ROI, ROE, EPS, ROCE and DPS etc., Shareholders valued based measures include EVA and MVA. Maximizing the shareholder value is considered as one of the fundamental goals of all businesses. In United States, top management is expected to maximize shareholder value. To help corporate to generate value for shareholders, value based management systems have been developed. Indeed, value based management, which seeks to integrate finance hypothesis with strategic economic philosophy, is considered as one of the most significant contribution to corporate financial planning in the last two decades or so. This study is an attempt to analyze the trend and growth of Shareholders’ Value in terms of EVA and MVA in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry with sample companies Cipla, Dr.Reddy's laboratories and Ranboxy laboratories from 2001–2002 to 2010–2011.
The purpose of this study to examining the relationship between ITC Limited service quality and customer satisfaction with special reference to fast moving consumable goods (FMCG), the significance of this research work to help ITC Limited to established the service offered in future and identify what are the important aspect needed by the company and employee to create satisfy customer base. All the questionnaires’ are based on walk in interview, 109 samples were collected from the ITC Limited customer who work in different department and agencies Cronbach alpha test has been used to check reliability analysis between each construct. Then paired t test has carried out to compare the means of expectation and perception of SERVQUAL dimension to identify that there are significant difference between customer perception and customer expectation. Regression test has been used to test the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction. Overall finding suggested that there are significant relationships between service quality and customer satisfaction, finding also suggested that there is inconsistency between customer expectation and customer perception from within the dimension of service quality. “Specifically” there was significant relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction, regression analysis also found there was positive direction between both. In the conclusion of the study result has suggested that ITC Limited should be focus to improving their service quality especially on the aspect of reliability, on the basic of the result we can say that reliability has proven as most important dimension in customer expectation it is also found that there are biggest gap between reliability and customer perception.
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of employees’ burnout in set of banking organizations and how this burnout constitutes the intentions to leave the organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the factor of burnout and its causal effect as intention to leave. Our sample consists of 126 respondents from the set of banking organizations like HBL, UBL, NBP, Allied Bank Ltd, Bank Al-Habib Ltd, MCB Bank, Bank Alfalah Ltd, Faisal Bank, Meezan Bank Ltd, Pak-Askari Bank, Silk Bank and Standard Charter. The present study found out the positive relationship between the employees burnout and intention to by using regression and correlation analysis. A significant impact has been observed for independent variable burnout (job demand, exhaustion, social support and job security) over dependent variable as intention to leave. It depicts that if there exist burnout among employees the intention to leave organization would raise and vice versa.
Control in General is the policies and procedures that help ensure management directives to carry out. They help ensure that necessary actions are taken to address risks to achievement of the entity's objectives. Control activities occur throughout the organization at all levels and in all functions. They include a range of activities as diverse as approvals, authorizations, verifications, reconciliations, reviews of operating performance, maintenance of security of assets, and segregation of duties. When resource constraints compromise the ability to segregate duties, many smaller entities use certain compensating controls to achieve the objectives [AICPA] in recent years the importance of controlling the public funds has received significant public and regulatory attention. At the same time, there has been significant public concern about the level of fraud within government financial departments. The purpose of this study is to identify the situation of internal control in financial departments in Yemen.
The present study aims at measuring the inter-district inequalities in infrastructure development in Orissa on the basis of composite index. It has been prepared with the help of Principal Component Analysis for all undivided and divided districts of Orissa at three different periods of time: 1980–81, 1990–91 and 2000–01.Beta distribution has been used in the present study to identify relatively homogeneous groups of the districts. It further examines the relationship between infrastructural facilities and the level of economic development which help us identify suitable infrastructure indicators for determining economic development. For convenience, the paper has three sections. The first section deals with the availability of physical infrastructure in the state and traces its gradual growth. The second section examines the interrelationship among the indicators of infrastructural development and finally the conclusion follows.
Decision Making is a peculiar and vital activity in all organizations. Almost every executive has to take some decisions while disposing the assigned duties. Thus it becomes significant to know whether the executives are right in their decision making approaches or not? This study aimed to identify the type of Decision Making Style (DMS) used by Indian Executives in their work place and to see the association of their DMS with their Organization Sector, Education, Age, Work Experience and Annual Income. Questionnaire survey of Indian manufacturing Organizations’ executives was done using General Decision Making Style inventory (Scott & Bruce, 1995). The averages, correlations, independent sample t-tests and ANOVA were found. Analysis revealed highest rational, second highest intuitive and least avoidant DMS. The Rational DMS had positive association with the third highest Dependent DMS and the Intuitive DMS had the same with fourth highest Spontaneous DMS. The rational and dependent DMS of public sector executives were significantly different from that of private sector executives. The avoidant DMS was found least in higher income group executives compared to the lower and middle income group executives. It was concluded that Indian Manufacturing Executives are more rational and least avoidant. They also use their intuition while making decisions and seek advices for better decisions. The results are discussed in the light of literature and recommendations are drawn on that. It is a pioneering effort to study the phenomenon of DMS in Indian contexts and it added to the dearth of literature on DMS.
This paper throws light on the service quality practices of organized retail stores that contribute to the customer satisfaction in Coimbatore City, Tamilnadu. India Retail Report of 2009 predicts that total retail sales will grow from US$357billion in 2008 to more than US$711billion by 2013. Strong underlying economic growth, population expansion, the increasing wealth of individuals and the rapid construction of organized retail infrastructure are key factors behind the forecast growth. As well as an ever-expanding middle- and upper-class consumer base, there will also be opportunities in India's tier II and tier III cities. The greater availability of personal credit and a growing vehicle population that provides improved mobility that also contribute to a trend towards annual retail sales growth of 15 percent in US dollar terms. India's nominal GDP was US$1.17trillion in 2008. Average annual GDP growth of 6.5 percent is predicted by BMI to 2013. With the population forecast to increase from an estimated 1.19billion in 2008 to 1.27billion by 2013, GDP per capita is expected to expand by nearly 59 percent by the end of the forecast period, to reach a projected US$1,563. Our assumption of consumer spending per capita is for a rise from US$594 in 2008 to US$1,105 in 2013.
Selection of an appropriate market entry strategy is one of the most crucial decisions taken by firms entering into international business. A number of theories and conceptual frameworks have been put forward to predict which market entry mode would result in success. The resource based theory focuses on the role of the firm's resources and assets. The present research paper uses the resource based theory to provide insight on the different firm specific resources that affect the market entry strategies of Indian firms when entering the Gulf Cooperation Council countries market. Sultanate of Oman market was selected as a sample to make the present study truly representative of the entire Gulf Cooperation Council countries market. Based on the primary data that was collected using a self designed questionnaire by visiting the offices of the Indian firms in Oman, the analyses was done and the recommendations were made accordingly.
The enormous retail boom in India has given space to many companies who have mushroomed out to benefit from the retail boom, which is nothing but a structured format of the unorganized retail business which is being done in India from ages.
"Identity of men is hidden in women and there is a common proverb that says behind the success of everyman there is a women but success of women keeps men ahead." Of the 1.3 billion people who living in absolute poverty around the Globe, 70% are women for these women, poverty does not just mean scarcity and want. It means rights denied, opportunities curtailed and voices silenced. The situations remains far worse at the apex of power: out of 179 nations worldwide, only nine currently have a woman elected head of State or government. Historical shows that only 39 states have ever elected a women President or prime minister. Women are less than one tenth of the world's cabinet ministers and hold one fifth of all sub- ministerial positions (UN2000).NGOs and international agencies, major barriers continue to restrict women's advancement in public life. The extensive comparative literature seeking to explain these cross-national disparities has suggested multiple reasons behind this phenomenon, including the importance of cultural attitudes, social structure and political institutions.Empowerment of women is the key devices to enable them resurrects their status multifariously in the society and reconcile them to share virilities of the fast development world. This device is significant in view of the role that women can more effectively play in all vital areas. It en lights the skills and qualities of women leaders and managers to face challenges and how women has converted the cultural and social obstacles into inspiration ladders for their success or identity. By empowerment of women is meant that the conferment of power by means of low in all matters affect gender interests, related to family well being and socio economic national affairs, providing for participation in decision making in all such matters. Empowerment means to inspire women with the courage to break free from the chains of limiting beliefs, patterns and societal or religious conditions that have traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to realize their true beauty and power. Women's lack of empowerment is believed to be an important factor in the persistence prevalence of malnutrition. This paper presents and highlights on the opportunities and challenges of women workforce in India The present study deals the Empowerment in Management and Women empowerment and how the social and economic factors can contribute to women empowerment and also dealing the changes in women's mobility, interactions, labor patterns, infra household decision making and control over recourses, and also explaining the factors which are to be considered for empowerment.
A study on employee retention in leading Motor Car Companies, at Chennai helps to know the employee retention strategies in Car Companies. To know what are all the various policies adopted by the company to retain its employees, the study has been made by conducting a survey. This study also helps to know employee turnover, the factors motivating the employees and factors causing dissatisfaction to the employees. The total population is 10000 out of which sample size is 150 taken out across various Car Companies and departments. The data's are collected by two methods such as primary and secondary data. The primary data are collected from the employee through questionnaires. The secondary data are the extensive literature on employee retention collected from articles, magazines and various websites. The type of sampling technique used for the study is convenience sampling which is a non-probability sampling technique. Finally the researcher revealed that most of the respondents have positive opinion towards company's retention strategies. The employee retention in Motor Car Companies reveals that organization is committed, to build upon and enhance existing skills sets of associates through need based training and supported with the economical benefits.
The present study seeks to examine the opinion of 125 traffic police about job satisfaction and work stress. The respondents were selected by simple random sampling in Salem city of Tamilnadu. The relevant data on demographic characteristics, job profile, job satisfaction, causes of stress, coping strategies and problems faced by traffic police were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. Most of the respondents have joined police department for reason of providing social service as well as a source of livelihood. Most of the respondents strongly agree that they are not able to give time to family. Praying to god or devoting more time in religious activities will reduce the stress is the opinion of most of them. Chi-square Analysis reveals that age, education qualification, and monthly salary of the respondents have significant influence on the reason for joining in police department. Family size and Experience of the respondents have significant influence on satisfaction with present job. Average score analysis shows that unable to give time to family, unhealthy work atmosphere are the major causes of stress. Long duty hours during hot summer, Pressure for discharging duties is the main problems faced by them.
The paper is an empirical study to understand the financial soundness of steel industry in India. For this purpose twenty large and medium steel units which are listed are taken. A sample period of 2001 - 2010 was selected for the study. The financial performance of the Steel industry was monitored and measured by using Altman's Z-score model which was extensively used by practitioners and researchers in the past. This study analyses the possibility of business failure with reasonable accuracy by using the z-score model. The research findings are that the steel industry is in good financial performance inspite of the impact of sluggish demand and global economic slowdown with an exception of two companies in the study period.
