Agrotourism has emerged as a means of diversifying agricultural businesses, but studies on visitor preferences have remained focused on satisfaction evaluations and thus have not fully captured the destination’s attributes of appeal, experience, and sustainability. This study aims to compile and synthesize findings from previous research on visitor preferences regarding agrotourism development in Indonesia. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, conducted through searches on Google Scholar, SINTA, and Garuda for articles published between 2018 and 2026. A total of 16 articles that met the criteria were analyzed using thematic narrative synthesis. The results showed that nine articles focused on satisfaction using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), eight of which were combined with Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA), and the CSI values fell within a narrow range (74.95%–87.20%), making it difficult to distinguish preferences. The role of facilities was inconsistent across studies; most studies were single-case studies with 40–100 respondents; experience had not been examined as a separate construct; and sustainability was discussed from the supply side. Future research should integrate attractiveness attributes, visitor experience, and destination sustainability using a uniform attribute taxonomy.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern, and the host immune response plays an important role in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. CD4⁺ T lymphocytes are essential components of cellular immunity; however, their counts may vary among patients with pulmonary TB. This study aimed to describe CD4⁺ T-lymphocyte counts among patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB in Kupang City, Indonesia. A descriptive observational design was conducted involving 15 patients recruited using purposive sampling from Bakunase, Oesapa, and Sikumana Community Health Centers. Venous blood samples collected in EDTA tubes were examined using flow cytometry with a BD FACSCalibur instrument at Prodia Laboratory, Kupang. CD4⁺ T-lymphocyte counts were classified according to the laboratory reference interval of 404–1,612 cells/µL. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequencies and percentages. The results showed that 12 participants (80.0%) had CD4⁺ T-lymphocyte counts within the normal reference range, while 3 participants (20.0%) had low counts. Variations in CD4⁺ count distribution were also observed according to sex, age group, and treatment duration; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample size. In conclusion, most newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients had normal CD4⁺ T-lymphocyte counts. These findings provide preliminary descriptive information on cellular immune status and highlight the need for further studies involving larger populations and longitudinal measurements during TB treatment.
Indonesia is entering an era of an aging population, with the proportion of elderly citizens aged 60 and above reaching 10.8% in 2023 and projected to rise to 15.4% by 2035. This demographic shift necessitates integrated geriatric services within Islamic hospitals. This study aims to analyze the integration of Maqashid Shariah principles into integrated geriatric service models in Islamic healthcare institutions. The literature review methodology utilized keywords such as "Maqashid Shariah," "Geriatric Services," and "Islamic Hospital" from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and NCBI. Results indicate that the implementation of five fundamental protections—Hifz al-Din (spiritual assistance), Hifz al-Nasl (gender privacy), Hifz al-Aql (cognitive support), Hifz al-Nafs (holistic palliative care), and Hifz al-Mal (cost efficiency)—is integrated with Shariah Minimum Service Standards across various facilities, including elderly-friendly EDs, multidisciplinary clinics, inpatient wards, day hospitals, and homecare. This approach not only fulfills religious obligations but also significantly enhances patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. This study implies that Shariah certification serves as a strategic framework to bridge medical excellence with holistic spiritual care.
Increasingly complex environmental problems, including pollution, ecosystem degradation, and climate change, demand greater awareness and active participation from all sectors of society, particularly students as agents of change. A clean and green campus environment is essential for supporting comfort, health, and the sustainability of academic activities. As centers of education and innovation, universities hold a strategic responsibility to cultivate environmental awareness through the implementation of the green campus concept. This study aims to examine the level of student awareness regarding campus cleanliness and greening based on findings from previous research. The method employed is a literature review, analyzing various relevant sources such as scientific journal articles, academic books, and policy documents related to sustainable campus management. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach to identify recurring patterns, prevailing trends, and key factors influencing students’ environmental awareness and behavior. The results indicate that student awareness levels generally fall within the fair to good category. Students with higher environmental awareness tend to participate more actively in maintaining cleanliness and supporting campus greening initiatives. However, the development of environmentally responsible behavior is strongly influenced by adequate facilities, supportive institutional policies, and a sustainability-oriented campus culture. Therefore, strengthening the role of higher education institutions through comprehensive environmental policies and structured sustainability programs is crucial to fostering clean, green, and sustainable campuses.
College represents a critical transitional period requiring high adaptation, where students often face escalating academic demands triggering psychological pressure. This study aims to deeply analyze the reciprocal relationship between sleep patterns and academic stress levels, and identify their subsequent impacts on cognitive function (concentration) and students' physical health. This study employs a qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review approach. Data were collected through comprehensive searches of accredited national and reputable international scientific articles published within the last five years (2020–2025). Literature selection was conducted rigorously using specific keywords to screen empirical studies relevant to stress, sleep, and student health variables. Data synthesis reveals a strong and consistent negative correlation. High levels of academic stress whether stemming from the adaptation phase of new students (initiation), thesis preparation workload, or role conflicts in working students are significantly associated with decreased sleep quality. Physiologically, stress triggers increased cortisol levels causing insomnia, shortened sleep duration, and prolonged sleep latency. Subsequent impacts are proven to drastically reduce learning concentration and trigger physical health disorders, including an increased risk of primary dysmenorrhea in female students. This study concludes that academic stress and sleep disturbances form a destructive cycle that exacerbates one another. Therefore, holistic institutional interventions in the form of sleep hygiene education and stress management training are needed to break this chain for the sake of student well-being and academic performance.
