In the investigations described, the method of experiment was such as to completely isolate physiologically the heart of the dog from all the rest of the body of the animal, lungs excepted. This was accomplished by occluding the right and left carotid and subclavian arteries, the aorta just beyond the origin of the left subclavian, and ligaturing both venæ cavæ and the azygos vein.
Dr. Blakiston, for the Auditors of the Treasurer’s Accounts on the part of the Society, reported that the total receipts during the past year, including a balance of £127 9s. 3d.carried from the preceding year, and £706 17s. 2d.balance of the Oliveira bequest, amount to £5095 15s 7d and that the total expenditure in the same period, including £518 2s. 10d from the Society’s funds to complete the payment for the Equatorial Telescope, amounts to £5169 13s. 2d., leaving a balance of £28 2s. 2d. in the hands of the Treasurer, and of .£101 19s. 9d due to the Bankers. The thanks of the Society were voted to the Treasurer and Auditors.
The Report of the Auditors of the Treasurer’s Accounts on the part of the Society was presented, by which it appears that the total receipts during the past year, including a balance of £1,940 14s. 3d. carried from the preceding year, amount to £20,873 19s. 4d; and that the total expenditure in the same period, including purchase of ground rents, amounts to £21,258 10s. 3d., leaving a balance of £384 10s. 11d. due to the Bankers, and £ 7 4s. 3d. in the hands of the Treasurer. The thanks of the Society were voted to the Treasurer and Auditors.
Mr. Bowman, on the part of the Auditors of the Treasurer’s Accounts appointed by the Society, reported that the total receipts during the last year, including a balance of £683 14s. 1d. carried from the preceding year, amounted to £4882 Os. Id.; and that the total expenditure in the same period, including £905 invested in the Funds, amounted to £5001 18s. 1 Id., leaving a balance of £135 7s. 10d.due to the Bankers, and £15 9s. i the hands of the Treasurer.
The intention of this paper is, first, to investigate the forms which two masses of fluid assume when they revolve in close proximity about one another, without relative motion of their parts; and secondly, to obtain a representation of the single form of equilibrium which must exist when the two masses approach so near to one another as just to coalesce into a single mass.
The following Table shows the progress and present state of the Society with respect to the number of Fellows :— Statement of the Receipts and Payments of the Royal Society between November 30, 1857, and December 1, 1858
The Statutes relating to the election of Fellows having been read, Mr. A. J . Ellis and Admiral Ommanney were, with the consent of the Society, nominated Scrutators to assist the Secretaries in examining the lists. The votes of the Fellows present having been collected, the following candidates were declared duly elected into the Society
§ 1. The passage of heat through matter has been mainly examined in reference to the diathermancy of solids, liquids, and gases to radiant heat, and to the conduction of contact-heat through solids and gases. The conduction of contact-heat through liquids forms a chapter in heat transference which has not hitherto received as much attention from experimental physicists as it merits. § 2. In the following pages I have the honor of submitting to the Royal Society certain experimental results and considerations to which I have been led during an investigation of this subject. These results are necessarily incomplete. The inquiry is fraught with very numerous and considerable experimental difficulties; but I venture to hope that such as the results are, they may be found useful to those who shall hereafter pursue the subject with greater skill and more perfect appliances.
The Statutes relating to the Election of Fellows having been read, Mr. Hulke and Capt. Richards were, with the consent of the Society, nominated Scrutators to assist the Secretaries in examining the Lists. The votes of the Fellows present having been collected, the following Candidates were declared to be duly elected into the Society.
5e has also demonstrated by injection that a network similar to the one ust described is present in the web-membrane of the pectoral fin of the iiercli. The lung of the toad also exhibits a modification of the plasmatic network in the form of extremely fine hollow processes, which either stretch completely across the mesh from capillary to capillary, or terminate in inely pointed or blunt extremities among'the epithelia or nuclei which stud the membrane of the air-vesicle. In the proper epithelial portion of the skin of batrachians or of mammals, the author has not yet been able to prove distinctly that the plexuses are to be found, but he has been so far successful in this direction as to have displayed them satisfactorily in the follicles and bulbs of the whisker hairs of the mole, mouse, and kitten. From certain observations, however, which cannot here be detailed, he thinks it more than probable, not only that plasma-networks are present in the epithelial layer of the batrachian skin, but also in a corresponding part of the human cutis. With regard to the offices performed by these networks, the author thinks it probable that all those found in the epidermal or mucous tissues are intimately connected with the function of secretion, and in a minor degree also perhaps with that of absorption ; while those situated in the deeper parts of the organism, such as muscle and fibrous tissue, are employed in conveying blood-plasma to, and effete matters from, the tissues through which they pass or with which they may be in contact.
1. The complete solution of the equation d2y/dx2 + 1/x · dy/dx ‒ (1+n2/x2)y = 0 May be written y = AIn(x)+BKn(x), where In(x) = ∑r=∞ r=0 (1/2x)n+2r/ II (r). II (n+r) ........ (1) ;
Huel Seton Copper-Mine is situated about one mile north-east of the town of Camborne, Cornwall, and is distant from the sea, on the north coast, a little more than three miles. The workings of Huel Seton are entirely in “killas,” or clay-slate, and the saline waters issue at the rate of 50 gallons per minute, and at a temperature of 92° F., from the eastern fore breast of the 160-fathom level. This has intersected a fault, or cross course, which may be traced in a northerly direction to the sea.
extinction and six canting parameters, three for each data set, to give a goodness-offit of 1.4. The canting parameters describe the projection of the total ion spin moment onto the a, b and c* directions. The spin density corresponds closely to a 'spin hole' of 1.03(4) spins in the 3dX2 2 orbital of this Jahn-Teller distorted Cr2+ ion, with a small but significant contribution from covalence from the coordinated water molecules, and spin polarization of both those molecules and the Cr ion. The two water molecules attached by the long Cr-0(8) bonds behave differently from the four shorter bonded ligands, reflecting their lesser covalence in, respectively, spin occupied and unoccupied Cr 3d orbitals. The canting parameters, which correspond to angles of 24? and 29? for the two datasets, and further data on their field and temperature dependencies, are fitted well by a tetragonal crystal field model in which only variation in the spin-orbit coupling constant is important. This quantity has a value 17(5) % greater than for the free Cr2+ ion. Experiment and theory both confirm that orbital magnetization effects are important only in determining the canting of the magnetic moments and are otherwise small compared with the spin moment in this compound.
Increased potential for disease transmission among nest-mates means living in groups has inherent costs. This increased potential is predicted to select for disease resistance mechanisms that are enhanced by cooperative exchanges among group members, a phenomenon known as social immunity. One potential mediator of social immunity is diet nutritional balance because traits underlying immunity can require different nutritional mixtures. Here, we show how dietary protein–carbohydrate balance affects social immunity in ants. When challenged with a parasitic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae, workers reared on a high-carbohydrate diet survived approximately 2.8× longer in worker groups than in solitary conditions, whereas workers reared on an isocaloric, high-protein diet survived only approximately 1.3× longer in worker groups versus solitary conditions. Nutrition had little effect on social grooming, a potential mechanism for social immunity. However, experimentally blocking metapleural glands, which secrete antibiotics, completely eliminated effects of social grouping and nutrition on immunity, suggesting a causal role for secretion exchange. A carbohydrate-rich diet also reduced worker mortality rates when whole colonies were challenged withMetarhizium. These results provide a novel mechanism by which carbohydrate exploitation could contribute to the ecological dominance of ants and other social groups.
LBL-11842 C Preprint To be published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London THE RESPONSE OF SOLIDS TO ELASTIC/PLASTIC INDENTATION S.S. Chiang, D.B. Marshall, and A.G. Evans November 1980 a Library which may borrowed two weeks. a copyy call Tech. fo. Divisiony Ext. 6782. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48
The Lecturer gave an account of the more interesting phenomena of the eclipse, and of the methods employed in observing and recording them; the details of his observations being given in an elaborate Paper bearing the above title. The Lecture was illustrated by a great number of diagrams and models. The photographic images of the eclipse were projected on a screen by means of the electric lamp, and some of the more striking phenomena were imitated by apparatus contrived for that purpose.
An account is given by the author, of the experiments he has recently made, with a view to increase the accuracy of the results given in his former paper, published in the “Philosophical Transactions” for 1850. The result he has now arrived at, from the thermal effects of the friction of water, is, that taking the unit of heat as that which can raise a pound of water, weighed in vacuo, from 60° to 61° of the mercurial thermometer; its mechanical equivalent, reduced to the sea-level at the latitude of Greenwich, is 772·55 foot-pounds.
At the beginning of last year my valued correspondent, Mr. Gerard Krefft, Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney, informed me of the discovery in Queensland of a large Lepidosiren-like animal, of which he enclosed a photograph, and which he assigned to Ceratodus, a genus of fishes known from fossil teeth only, naming the species after its discoverer, the Hon. William Forster, Ceratodus forsteri. Before my reply had time to reach Mr. Krefft, a short communication of his on the subject was read before the Zoological Society of London (April 28,1870); it is entitled “Description of a gigantic Amphibian allied to the genus Lepidosiren, from the WideBay district, Queensland” (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 221). The author describes in this note the principal points of the external appearance and dentition, and mentions also that “ the skeleton is partly ossified, partly cartilaginous, the vertebrae being pure cartilage, and the ribs hollow tubes filled with a cartilaginous substance. The palate and upper part of the skull are bone, and the head is covered with two enormous scales.” Mr. Krefft’s specimen was evidently only roughly preserved, and the internal organs had been removed.
We establish the most general form of the discrete elasticity of a two-dimensional triangular lattice embedded in three dimensions, taking into account up to next-nearest-neighbour interactions. Besides crystalline system, this is relevant to biological physics (e.g. red blood cell cytoskeleton) and soft matter (e.g. percolating gels, etc.). In order to correctly impose the rotational invariance of the bulk terms, it turns out to be necessary to take into account explicitly the elasticity associated with the vertices located at the edges of the lattice. We find that some terms that were suspected in the literature to violate rotational symmetry are, in fact, admissible.
