As market competition intensifies, more and more retailers have created their store brands to attract consumers, increase profits and enhance channel control. The growing share of retailers' store brand has gradually attracted attention from both manufacturers and retailers. Existing literature indicate that the introduction of retailers' store brand has different impacts on channel participants under different power structures. Our paper reviews the literature from two perspectives: One is to consider the introduction of store brand from the perspective of retailers, while the other is to consider the countermeasures for the introduction of store brand from the perspective of manufacturers. The paper also discusses the contributions of these studies and suggests some future research directions.
This paper analyzes the optimal licensing strategy of a licensor by constructing a multi-player oligopoly model composed of three firms. The main conclusions of this paper are follows: first of all, the licensor-firm1 strictly benefits from patent licensing, so licensor is willing to license its technology to third-party firms even if the competition is more and more fierce. Secondly, licensor's licensing decision benefits itself, the potential rival, the supplier, and the consumers alike. Moreover, the total profit of the entire supply chain has increased. Thirdly, compared to simultaneous decision, the licensor prefers making the quantity decision later when the substitutable coefficient is relatively small. In this situation, the licensor can make higher profits. The last conclusion provides effective management insights for patent licensing management of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises, we will get the range of condition for small enterprise in which it is willing to license.
This paper considers the rising market price and the time varying demand caused by the inflation. To manage these above risks, the retailer has an opportunity to place two different types of orders, viz., the firm order and the bidirectional options order, from the supplier in each period. This paper formulates a periodic-review inventory model for the retailer with bidirectional option contracts under inflation. Based on stochastic dynamic programming, this paper studies the structure of the optimal ordering policy in each period. Then this paper provides an approximation to evaluate the corresponding policy parameters. By taking the case without bidirectional option contracts as a benchmark, this paper demonstrates that the utilization of bidirectional option contracts might prompt the retailer to enhance the service level and improve the performance.
Massively multiplayer online games (MMOG) have becoming increasingly popular in recent years, but the problem of low player stickiness has always existed. Meanwhile, little is known about what motivates players to generate such stickiness. This paper built a research model based on the attitude, perceived enjoyment, aesthetic design, telepresence, team participation and network externalities to identify the antecedents of player stickiness in the context of MMOG. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed for data analysis. Analysis of 265 valid responses to a survey questionnaire indicate that attitude, a medium factor, has great positive effect on stickiness. Among the antecedents of attitude, perceived enjoyment is found to have the strongest effect. In addition, team participation, weak-link influence and strong-link influence have a positive correlation with attitude. But aesthetic design and telepresence have no significant influence on attitude. Also, implications are discussed in the paper.
Comparing to user-generated texts and photos, seldom research has examined visual destination images revealed in user-generated short videos. With the latest video artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to tag the contents of user-generated short videos, this study extracted destination images of two famous attractions, i.e., the Forbidden City and the Badaling Great Wall on Douyin platform, and compared the results between user-generated short videos and textual travel blogs. Our findings demonstrate the validity of our proposed video-AI based visual destination image extraction method and also suggest that short videos and textual travel blogs excel in different ways to reveal destination images. Our study provides a promising direction to study visual destination images for researchers and practitioners.
According to two situations of establishing the threshold of social reputation of the online lending platform, this paper establishes the profit maximization model of P2P lending platform, analyzing the pricing of P2P lending platform and answering whether and when it is necessary to establish a social reputation threshold for borrowers. Moreover, this paper analyzes the influence of the platform's exclusive strategy on the number of bilateral users and the platform's profit. The results show that the platform needs to set the threshold when lenders are more sensitive to borrowers' social reputation. In addition, through the analysis of market size and platform profit, it is found that when the platform strengthens the sensitivity of lenders to the average social credit level of borrowers, it will increase the number of lenders and the platform's own profit at the same time.
Nowadays, the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are frequently confronted with the difficulty of financing hard and financing expensive. This paper investigates a financing strategy called the purchase order financing together with reverse factoring financing strategy, which is able to fulfill the financing demands of SMEs at different stages. Numerical experiments are conducted in order to compare the supply chain performance and efficiency between this financing strategy and the purchase order financing models in decentralized and centralized decision making situations, which concludes that models considering the reverse factoring financing, i.e., purchase order financing together with reverse factoring financing two-stage decision-making model and the global decision-making model, have better supply chain efficiency than the benchmark model that only considers the purchase order financing, and the choice between two candidates depends on the standard deviations and the retailer prices.
Semi-compact city medical association consists of information sharing platform operator, tertiary hospitals, and community hospitals. To solve the sustainable operation problem without government funding, the platform operator provides two subscription plans: paying annually and paying per service, which integrate the value-added business benefit distribution mechanism and consider grading diagnosis and treatment. To optimize the subscription plan and investigate the decision of hospitals, the optimization theory and Differential Evolution algorithm is employed. The research shows that the introduction of subscription plans can achieve the sustainable operation of semi-compact city medical association; regulate the price of value-added medical service can promote the willingness of community hospitals and platform operator revenue. However, increase the proportion of platform operator in value-added service will reduce the sustainability of semi-compact city medical association.
Recently, several health care wearable devices which can intervene in health and collect personal health data have emerged in the medical market. Although health care wearable devices promote the integration of multi-layer medical resources and bring new ways of health applications for users, it is inevitable that some problems will be brought. This is mainly manifested in the safety protection of medical and health data and the protection of user's privacy. From the users' point of view, the irrational use of medical and health data may bring psychological and physical negative effects to users. From the government's perspective, it may be sold by private businesses in the international arena and threaten national security. The most direct precaution against the problem is users' initiative. For better understanding, a research model is designed by the following five aspects: Security knowledge (SK), Security attitude (SAT), Security practice (SP), Security awareness (SAW) and Security conduct (SC). To verify the model, structural equation analysis which is an empirical approach was applied to examine the validity and all the results showed that SK, SAT, SP, SAW and SC are important factors affecting users' data security and privacy protection awareness.
Crowdsourcing has been a prevalent measure for firms to utilize external labor and expertise in recent years. A large amount of research in this area focuses on examining the antecedents of individual solvers' crowdsourcing participation intention. However, few studies can be found to seek the motivational factors that influence the intention to crowdsource by the seeker firms. Based on the theory of transaction cost, the resource-based view and the social capital theory, this paper established a model of the influential factors of seeker firms' participation intention on crowdsourcing platform. We validate these factors using empirical data from 148 seeker firms. Analysis results indicate that all the antecedents, including the cost reduction, platform function, activeness of solvers and social relationships with solvers, exert positive effects on seeker firms' participation. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are serious operative complication, resulting in prolonged hospital stays and increased costs of treatment. In order to develope effective SSIs predictive models at two time points (pre-operatively and post-operatively), a hybrid model consisting of the fuzzy-rough feature selection (FRFS) and cost-sensitive random forest (CSRF) is formulated. Redundant, useless features are removed by using fuzzy-rough set-based fearture selection, and critical features are used to be the inputs of our prediction models. Then a cost-sensitive random forest classification method is been used, aiming at the problem of poor accuracy caused by imbalanced clinical data. This study analyzed the complete historical medical records and lab data of 314 clinical cases (45 postoperative SSIs). The result shows that the proposed prediction model has good classification accuracy, low error rate and strong anti-interclass interference capacity.
In this paper, we construct the traditional weekly momentum portfolio and add the trading volume to it in order to study the optimization of the trading volume on the weekly momentum investment strategy. The study of NYSE and AMEX stocks from 1965 to 2012 shows that adding trading volume will continue to optimize stock returns for at least four years. At the same time, the study of Shanghai and Shenzhen A shares from 1993 to 2014 shows that the stock returns will continue to be optimized for up to 5 years after trading volume is added. The regression analysis between the weekly momentum strategy and market State based on trading volume finds the reverse relationship between strategic remuneration and market volatility and market illiquidity.
This paper considers that the Enterprise plays a leading role in the supply chain, fulfills social responsibility, and takes the maximization of the Enterprise's profit as the goal. The Farmer provide raw materials for products as upstream suppliers, and the Enterprise invests in infrastructure services as downstream retailers to increase demand by improving the level of hardware services. We believe that demand will be affected by the level of service and social responsibility. In this context, the optimal management strategies and the optimal benefits of the Enterprise and the Farmer are obtained.
With the rapid development of rebate platform in China, attracting users and improving user stickiness are urgent problems for many rebate platforms. Therefore, this paper conducts empirical research on the factors affecting the user behavior of rebate platform users. Based on the characteristics of the rebate platform, this paper adds two factors of risk perception and profit motive on the basis of UTAUT2 model, and user heterogeneity as an adjustment variable, establishes the research model of user behavior of rebate platform. In this model we propose 13 hypotheses, and all hypotheses are supported except for facilitating factors and hedonic motivation. In addition, for the first time, we discussed in detail the impact of user heterogeneity on the user behavior of rebate platform users. We also proposed operational decision-making suggestions and perfects the empirical study on the influencing factors of the use behavior of rebate platform in current academic community, and provided strategic support for the optimization of the website, and It promoted the development of specialization, modularization and standardization of China's rebate platform.
The assets pricing is one of the hot topics which are a debate zone of financial markets in emerging economies, and the appropriate pricing model has always been a focus of attention. The investment, market and profitability premium influence the portfolio return with alternative three factor model. This study conduct to the equity returns of Pakistan's companies. We are using half-yearly data for 2002- 2014 of one hundred non-financial listed firms at KSE. We do a regression analysis to investigate the impact of three factors (IP, MP and PP) on equity return. Finally, we do investigation and the investment and profitability premiums have a positive and significant impact on portfolio returns. The study also exposes that the alternative three factor model is an appropriate model aimed at the valuation of equities. The CNZ alternative Three Factor Model clarifies 60% −73% the portfolio returns and its explanatory power assortments. Therefore, investors, fund managers and decision makers should be account carefully for investments and profitability factors in their decisions regarding investment, financing and valuation.
We investigate parallel machine scheduling problem of matching the orders and factories with the multiobjective of minimizing the total tardiness and the extra quality of service (QoS) cost in this work. We establish a multi-objective integer programming (MOIP) model, and devise an epsilon constraint ( ε-constraint) algorithm together with Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The ε-constraint method produces exact solutions for small order instances, while the NSGA-II can efficiently solve large-scale instances. Numerical experiments validate the proposed model and algorithms.
In reverse supply chain with IERs (Inspection Error Rates) and competition, which consists of one remanufacturer and two competing collectors, the two collectors collect the used-products from used-product market competitively, and then they carry out inspection activity with IERs. The competition means supply amount competition. Considering the competition, we study the optimal price decisions for reverse supply chain members by game theory. We present the optimal collecting prices for two collectors and the optimal reclaiming price for remanufacturer. By numerical example, we analyze the impacts of competitions on the optimal results under supply amount competition. The research results show that: under supply amount competition, when one collector reduces IERs, the other one can get small increasing of profits even though he does not reduce his IERs; the remanufacturer can get more profits.
The emergence of sharing economy implies that consumers tend to pursue a product's value in use rather than its ownership. Therefore, the sharing economy is changing people's consumption habits and raising the new theoretical questions to operation management. Since the sharing economy has subverted the traditional industrial economic pattern, this paper studies consumers' decisions and the sharing platform's pricing strategies with a particular attention to the B2C sharing platform. To this end, this paper conducts two models to investigate the optimal pricing strategy and economic effect of product sharing. A basic model is developed to analyze the economic impact of the sharing economy by comparing with the traditional market, and then, an extended model is studied taking moral hazard of consumer under consideration, finally, numerical experiments are conducted to derive some managerial insights.
This paper proposed the view that idiosyncratic risk pricing ability may come from systemic risk pricing ability spillover, and studies the relationship of pricing ability between systemic risk and idiosyncratic risk of stock, based on the conditional and unconditional CAPM, by using the method of two-stage Fama-MacBeth regression. From the results of cross-sectional regression, adding idiosyncratic risk could increase the risk explanatory power of earnings, and the idiosyncratic volatility has a significant positive risk premium. However, with the improvement of the CAPM, the marginal contribution of the idiosyncratic risk to improve the explanatory ability has declined. In addition, this paper compares Fama-French double-packet portfolios and the time-delay factors of conditional CAPM, and finds that the time-lag factor of conditional CAPM has a high correlation with the size and BM of the portfolio. This means that small-size or low-value stock may have a more significant time lag effect.
The “Outline of the Development Planning for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area” issued by the State Council of China in 2019 points out cooperation between Hong Kong, Macao and the mainland in eldercare services should be promoted and cross-border eldercare services should become more convenient. Practice of promoting cross-border pension in EU, Canada and USA shows welfare portability is vital for cross-border pension decision-making. Therefore, this paper focuses on the welfare portability of existing policies on cross-border eldercare services employed by Hong Kong and Macao, and analyzes the reasons for the poor effect of cross-border pension policies. Results show the welfare non-portability of cross-border eldercare is the primary obstacle. Thus, the governments of Hong Kong, Macao and the Mainland should complementarily improve the cooperative governance mechanism, interest coordination mechanism and cooperative supervision mechanism of cross-border eldercare services, create a “network model” of regional eldercare resources and information sharing, support cross-border cooperation among social organizations and strengthen the standardized management of the eldercare service industry to promote the welfare portability.
