The rapid evolution of authentic face detection has been witnessed from the past along with the security assurance in the field of information technology. Now being a necessary note of issue the concept of face detection along with encryption, two non-connected field, as a discuss are brought together in this paper for the purpose of privacy assurance of data. Considering the security issues of information, which is the topic of concern in lack of confidence and negative impact profound by the user, the method is deployed to solve the problem by using face detection along with feature extraction using PCA algorithm and encryption of the facial image detected by generating random key that is bound to the image. Securing the information and maintaining the privacy of data is a mainstream topic nowadays. To ensure that the privacy of information is not violated by vulnerabilities such as spoofing and tampering there is a need of high security assurance to the data stored in the system which is the case in biometrics. There is a need of general awareness and widespread knowledge about security and privacy assurance of data which is an important threshold. The paper presents the promising method of authentication of user, data security and operational efficiencies. The novel solution of generating a key for the facial image detected is a method of encryption that maintains the high level secrecy and certainty of the data. Face detection and encryption is tested and the method is found to be reliable and persistent.
Sensor Networks are gaining more attention because of applications like smart cities(traffic congestion, smart parking, smart lighting), smart environment (forest fire detection, air contamination) security and emergencies (Radiation levels, Explosive and Harmful Fumes, Military applications) to name a few. The critical aspect of these monitoring and tracking applications are security and sensor location. Locality evidence "of nodes plays" a significant "role in understanding the application" viewpoint. "Localization is the method by which an object determines its three-dimensional coordinates in a given arena". The localization problem gives rise to two important problems. The first problem is to define a coordinate system and second problem which is technically more challenging is to calculate the distance between two sensor nodes (ranging problem). Localization process is severely affected by attacks like wormhole attack, Sybil attack, and replay attack and so on. Wormhole attack sniffs packets at some point and passes them through wireless link to another point thereby affecting the localization process. Game theoretic/ Fuzzy Inference approaches can be adopted to ensure secure localization. In this paper we adopt fuzzy inference based secure localization technique against wormhole attack in WSN. Proposed mechanism is simple, requires no extra hardware.
Images can be mapped from Low dynamic range (LDR) to high dynamic range (HDR) using Tone Mapping to view HD images on standard display. Existing algorithm on tone mapping suffers an inherent drawback in that they often work with insufficient information and this could lead to undesirable outputs. Fining these unknown colors using only neighboring values often results in low accuracy and quality. In this paper, we present an unusual approach to gamut mapping in a high-dynamic range (HDR). High and low dynamic range images along with the gamut devices that can be entitled within the color space simultaneously. Therefore, it helps in bringing out a united transformation of the HDR image called HDR gamut mapping. The HDR gamut mapping produces results which can be further enhanced using global enhancement techniques to provide a smooth blending of colors. In our work, we propose a PSF priority based restoration for this effect. The additional aim of this paper is Image Enhancement. One of the primary concerns in high-quality images such as digital camera and HDTV is Image Enhancement. Since the legibility of the image is very much prone to lighting, weather, or the gadgets which captures the image, which leads to loss of information in an image. As a result, there are a variety of procedures that could be elaborated to a specified degree known as Image Enhancement techniques to retrieve the message contents in the image.
Globally, Sputum smear microscopy using the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain is in place for diagnosing active Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacilli. The competent interpretation may suffer due to the rigorous nature of the test, which ideally restrains the diagnosis process. In conventional microscopic examination, sensitivity is the crucial determining variable. The sensitivity parameter values fluctuate between 20% and 80%. Automated detection of TB bacilli could hasten diagnosis, enhance quantitative classification and reduce errors.The digital microscopy assisted screening and detection of TB is a great boon in the current technology driven era. Adequate number of the digital images can be acquired in any given time framework. The broader section of images will be vital and significant in computer-assisted detection of TB. Proficient diagnosis will be independent of resource constrained environment.Numerous Computer vision techniques have been fascinating the researchers’ over many decades. The advent of computational infrastructure has made it possible to address the various processing complexities of computer vision algorithms. ICT based environment will be conducive in the treatment and review of TB diagnosis.AI can definitely assist physicians to make better clinical decisions or even replace human judgement in certain functional areas of healthcare.
Big data is primarily defined by the volume of a data set - generally measuring tens of terabytes and sometimes crossing the threshold of petabytes. The process of extracting useful information by analyzing different types of big data sets is called Big data analytics. Big data analytics helps organizational decision making by discovering hidden patterns, market trends and consumer preferences. This is done by following several steps and technologies involved in big data analytics. The selection of one of these technologies is based on various parameters and this selection varies from project to project as requirements and nature of projects changes. This review paper therefore aims at finding most common strategies of big data such as scalability, Programming Language Support, Latency etc. and their current state in computing world. This paper also discusses public perception on the parameters selected.
In this paper a example is discussed to obtain the shape and scale parameters of Weibull distribution. Parameters are estimated using sample time-to-failure data or lifetime data. There are several methods available for Weibull parameter estimation, in this paper a relatively simple method of linearizing the unreliability function and then fitting it to a straight line equation to obtain shape and scale parameters is discussed. Sample failure data of two different types of LED bulbs manufactured by different manufacturers is taken for analysis and parameter estimation.
This paper presents a novel rhombus-shaped patch antenna with right angled isosceles triangle fractal. This antenna resembles a diamond shape by etching and merging with the square slot, apart from being fed by a coplanar waveguide structure. This antenna has a compact size, measuring 40mm x 65mm x 1.6mm. The final prototype antenna resonates at 4.66GHz, 6.12GHz, 8GHz and 8.88GHz with 150MHz, 360MHz, 300MHz and 220MHz bandwidths, respectively. The antenna has stable omni-directional E-plane radiation patterns at their operating bands. The proposed antenna is suitable in cases, where in C-band and X-bands are applied. The experimental result shows that the proposed antenna exhibits a good impedance matching. The final Asymmetrical coplanar strip (ACS) feed design provides an impedance bandwidth of 1.47-1.61GHz, 6.14-6.38GHz,7.37-8.12GHz, 8.59-9.01GHz and 9.38-9.59GHz for L-,C- & X-bands, respectively, thereby maintaining stable gain characteristics at frequency bands.
A smart city is an urban area provided with all the basic requirements like school, hospital, transportation, security etc. Different communication technologies are used to control and track different sectors of the smart cities, the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one such communication technique. Here cluster-based network is used for tracking operation. While tracking, there may be a possibility of losing tracked object. Thus relocating the lost object becomes an important issue. In this work we propose to develop an object tracking system using WSN. The validation of the algorithm is done using the network simulator NS2.
In this paper we have discussed about the nanomagnet logic, as semiconductor industry is in search of new devices to continue the trend of moores law. We defined nanomagnet logic, how magnetic wires play role in that, common logic technique used in nanomagnets i.e the majority logic gate and we also discussed the race condition in MLG and what can be the solution of it. Magnetic force microscopy is one of the method which is used for imaging to scan the structure of nanomagnets. Nanomagnet logic towards system integration, as reliability of the NML logic is often questioned and effect of thermal noise on NML also is a major issue regarding the integration of NML logic. Atlast we discussed about applications of NML, its advantages and disadvantages.
The usage of video streaming applications is tremendously increasing day by day. Existing streaming technologies are not matured enough to handle the large volume of clients. Existing research on streaming techniques asserts that Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming is the better solution. Mostly, P2P streaming systems use tree, mesh or hybrid overlays. Hybrid overlay is the integration of tree and mesh structures. It offers benefits of both tree and mesh overlays. We propose location-aware resilient hybrid overlays called Tree, Ring and Mesh-Clusters (TRMC), and Location- and Load-Aware Tree, and Mesh-Clusters (LLATMC) and analyze the performance against existing hybrid structures MTMC, and mTreebone. Differentiating peers according to their reputation and connecting peers in overlay based on their reputation, and location helps to improve the Quality of Service (QoS). TRMC and LLATMC dynamically alter their structure from mesh to hybrid aids in achieving lesser delay. Additional connections in both overlays help to get better Quality of Service (QoS) during peer churn. LLATMC has 1.81%, 3.03%, and 9.09% lesser delay than TRMC, MTMC an d mTreebone respectively during peers join stage, and it has 3.26%, 7.18%, and 22.47% lesser delay than TRMC, MTMC and mTreebone during no churn stage. Simulation results prove that LLATMC streams video data faster and outperforms TRMC, MTMC, and mTreebone.
There are many real networks that are closely formed according to a community network. Many researchers have devoted their research efforts to develop algorithms and methods that can efficiently find the hidden pattern in the network which is called community. As there are different kinds of networks having different level of complexity and each may contain different properties, each algorithm in literature holds some of these properties and has different definition of community. As per the definitions provided and algorithms used, only part of the features of real communities gets extracted. Objective of this paper is to find different community detection techniques that are already available, analyze them and find the problem in these algorithms. Objective of paper is to categorize the different community discovery methods on the basis of properties these algorithms contain. The classification is also helpful in further research in community detection.
Currently, huge quantity of services are extended on the edge of the network from cloud in consideration transforming knowledge at the edge can decrease feedback time and diminished bandwidth cost for operations for instance healthcare in smart homes. Resource administration plays a crucial role in edge computing because it escalates the system efficiency and refines quality of service. A familiar drawn near for resource administration in edge computing is to allocate operations to isolated cloud or edge devices as maintained by numerous constituents for instance energy bandwidth consumption, and latency. Although, the approach is deficiently organized and falls in concise meeting the necessities of controlling health emergency when enforced in smart homes for healthcare. Probable health emergency requires instant contemplation and various health functions have different precedence to be transformed.In this paper we would like to recommend the voice disorder detection system using deep learning approach. A patient imparts his/her voice specimen apprehends by smart sensors, and specimen goes to edge computing for initial transformations. Later edge computing transmits knowledge to core cloud for new transformations. The analysis and administration are handled by a service provider through cloud manager.Formerly automatic analysis is done; the outcome is transmitted to consultant, who specifies necessary therapy to patients.
A compact maple leaf shaped triple band antenna stacked with dodecagonal-shaped slot for WiMAX and satellite TV is proposed. The antenna consists of a maple leaf shaped radiating patch which makes the antenna to resonate at 3.72(WiMAX) and 6.76 GHz (satellite TV) frequency band. Operation at 6.16 GHz (satellite TV) in the proposed design is obtained by etching regular dodecagonal-shaped slot in the ground plane. The antenna has a dimension of only 0.27λ 0 × 0.27λ 0 × 0.01λ 0 (λ 0 is the free space wavelength at 3.72 GHz). The proposed design exhibits good impedance matching, stable radiation pattern, acceptable gain and radiation efficiency greater than 65% at the targeted frequencies.
Equipment of telecommunication networks plays an important role in the Operational Efficiency and Service Delivery Performance and Availability. Telecommunication equipment is any hardware used for telecommunication purposes. Telecom towers, switches and routers are a few examples of telecommunication equipment. There are many factors that affect the cost efficiency of these equipment such as energy consumption, cooling cost, switching Base Stations on/off to reduce the power consumption, the use of hybrid energy system and integrating new technologies. This paper represents a review of the cost efficiency of telecommunication equipment.
In modern era, Smart grid is a new technology that explains lack of software programs that simulate the principles of Smart grid. The prime intention of Smart grid simulation is to provide a better platform for user interaction. Smart grid system makes it possible to have an intelligent communicating network by integration and combination of electrical power grids. Smart meters are connected by the system through RF signals to a central point with the PLC as the medium. The main intention of this system is to explain the transfer of data and the intermediate processes involved in data transfer to the utility from different houses. The paper further describes the implementation of the entire process using MATLAB, thus demonstrating the flow of smart metering data to utility from different houses.
Combining robotic technology with virtual services, the paper aiming to enable a robotic automaton which is controlled by a platform independent remote controlled user interface. It has vast applications in the field of cloud computing and IoT. Future services also aim to provide assistance in real time which would be able to take multiple commands, store it, process it and perform domestic as well as business services. This disruptive service will enable us to automate millions of jobs. The proposed service connects the automaton to the internet enabling it to perform extended user specific operations and also propose connecting this IoT enabled device to a cloud service for efficient transmission of instructions. This uses a user interface (UI) which can be accessed securely, to provide a front end controlling system for the automaton. By connecting the device to the cloud, it also enables a network which is efficient in terms of speed and accuracy as well. The time taken to relay the instructions from the UI to the cloud and then to the device is minimal and hence the service is also time efficient. The objective of the proposed work is to provide cloud service to IoT connected automatons to enable them to perform extended operations which are otherwise impossible to perform using regular automatons.
Salient regions are considered as particular regions that are differed from other regions on the surface. this paper presents an efficient multi-scale saliency map detection method on 3D meshes using weighted graph representation. To do so, we compute an invariant 3D surface descriptor based on the deviation factor and height map. The single-scale saliency degree of vertices is computed as the degree measured based on their patches, neighbors patches and the similarity function between vertices. Next, a multi-scale saliency is calculated in order to improve the single-scale saliency map and to deal with noisy meshes. Finally, we show the stability and robustness of our method with respect to scaling, noise, rotation, and translation.
In a past few years research functionality in wireless sensor network grown up in very impressive manner because of huge amount of potential application in many areas. Wireless sensor networks for big scale contains multiple numbers of sources and multiple number of sink. This plays an important role in performing applications. So for that in this research we will focus importance on the main problem of sink arrangement for minimizing time delay in worst case as well as increasing the lifespan of wireless sensor network. Here we suggest to anatomy interconnected framework for calculating the junction sink mobility, routing detail. We talk over the causes of subproblems and introduce effective result for them. Then we combine all these results and propose polynomial optimum time algorithm for the actual problem. From this result, we will display merits of involving nodes (mobile sink) and effect of network argument or parametric quantity. (Example: multiple of sensors, sinks and time delay bound) on network lifespan. As we know Wireless sensor network nodes are battery dependent devices which gather data from the environment & send this ( information)data to the sink node for further computational processing leading to the dissipation of energy in batteries The batteries are non rechargeable or it may be difficult to replace or recharge in certain environments. These problems results to design of new algorithms for energy efficiency of nodes In a typical conditions the sensor nodes shows many to one communication with the sink, resulting in faster energy depletion of the nodes the vicinity of the sink which is commonly called as the energy deficiency hole problem or the hot spot problem, & hence in this situation the mobility of the sink can help in balancing of energy dissipation of the sensor nodes In wireless sensor network when information data hold up by working sink it should be bounded. Our outcomes shows that proposed algorithm can work better compared to previous methods and give results when there are obstacles occur in remote places like example: lake, mountain, hill stations etc in the extended area of wireless sensor network. Further directive antennas can increase the transfer chain which increase to smaller hops and low number of routing delay. Finally the proposed work is analysed in terms of numerical studies and simulations are conducted to validate via MATLAB.
A dynamic access of radio resources which available in free spectrum total unused frequency by primary user in television whitespace available in India then it estimated large with rest advanced globe the regulations without interference to the channel with efficient backhaul architecture, will provide broadband connectivity to semi-urban robust affordable, rural users efficient utilizes of TV whitespaces. Destructive obstruction from unlicensed to licensed system the digital television DTV tolerates obstruction along the targeted value and distribution spectrum method. Work begins addressing with radio obstruction analysis applying SEAMCAT Study represents reliable detection exploits the unique way Digital Terrestrial channels are deployed in different areas and problem of hidden node probability of DTT PU. Spectrum access which adopts the geolocation database is proposed frequency bands on location vacant bands which archives and formalized both bandwidth and throughput gains by whitespace the maximum capacity of cognitive radio system.
A highly compact Toyota logo five band antenna loaded with pi and inverted L-shaped slots is proposed. Compactness and the resonance at 3.38 GHz (WiMAX) in the design are achieved by inverted L-shaped slot. Pi-shaped slot controls the resonance at 5.88 (WLAN), 6.68 (Satellite band) and 9.28 GHz (X-band) whereas, the radiating patch (Toyota logo) controls the resonance at 8.24 GHz (X-band). The antenna has dimension of only (0.19λ0 × 0.19λ0 × 0.02λ0) (λ0 is the free space wavelength at 3.88 GHz). Good impedance matching, stable radiation pattern and radiation efficiency greater than 50% are achieved at the targeted frequencies.
