This research paper aims to find, analyze and understand code patterns in any software system and measure its quality by defining standards and proposing a formula for the same. Every code that is written can be divided into different code segments, each having its own impact on the overall system. We can analyze these code segments to get the code quality. The measures used in this paper include Lines of Code, Number of calls made by a module, Execution time, the system knowledge of user and developers, the use of generalization, inheritance, reusability and other object-oriented concepts. The entire software code is divided into code snippets, based on the logic that they implement. Each of these code snippets has an impact. This measure is called Impact Factor and is valued by the software developer and/or other system stakeholders. Efficiency = (Code Area / Execution Time) * Qr.
Barrier synchronization is commonly and widelyused to synchronize the execution of parallel processor coreson multi-core Network-on-Chips (NoCs). Since its globalnature may cause heavy serialization resulting in largeperformance penalty, barrier synchronization should becarefully designed to have low latency communication and tominimize overall completion time. Therefore, in the paper, wepropose a fast barrier synchronization mechanism, targetingMulti-core NoCs. The fast barrier synchronization mechanismincludes a dedicated hardware module, named Fast BarrierSynchronizer (FBS), integrated with each processor node. Itoffers a set of barrier counters and can concurrently processsynchronization requests issued by the local node and remotenodes via the on-chip network. The salient feature of our fastbarrier synchronization mechanism is that, once the barriercondition is reached, the “barrier release” acknowledgement isrouted to all processor nodes in a broadcast way in order tosave chip area by avoiding storing source node informationand to minimize completion time by avoiding serialization ofbarrier releasing. Synthesis results suggest that the FBS canrun over 1 GHz in SMIC® 130nm technology with small areaoverhead. We implemented a FBS-enhanced multi-core NoCarchitecture on our FPGA platform using the Xilinx® Virtex 5as the FPGA chip. FPGA utilization and simulation resultsshow that our fast barrier synchronization demonstrates botharea and performance advantages over the barriersynchronization counterpart with unicast barrier releasing.
A compact, small size dual band-stop C-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed in this paper. Two similar C-shaped patterned ground structures are designed and their dimensions are adjusted to obtain band rejection frequency response at 2.4 GHz and 6.7 GHz. Then, two DGSs structure are cascaded in series to obtain a high Q-factor dual-band rejection property. The distance between two DGSs is adjusted for an acceptable response. All structures are numerically investigated using HFSS and the dual band filter is designed and implemented. Results show that there are two parallel resonance frequencies at 2.468 GHz and 6.629 GHz with a very high Q-factor, while signal attenuation at the resonant frequencies is at least 20 dB. Also, the equivalent circuit of the proposed filter including two parallel resonance RLC circuit based on measured S-parameters is presented. The new introduced DGS filter is successfully designed and fabricated and the measured results are in a good agreement with those obtained by numerical investigation.
The main aim of this paper is the analysis of the effects of various processing conditions on the magnetic, mechanical, and energetic properties of mixture systems consisting of insulated iron powder compound and aluminum alloy. Specimens with a different green density (obtained with compacting pressures of 400, 600, and 800 MPa) were treated in different atmospheres (in air and nitrogen), all implying a step at the maximum temperature of 500 degrees C for 30 min. The microstructure analyses revealed that heat treatment of aluminum alloys has proven to be more effective when carried out in full nitrogen atmosphere, both in terms of bonding evolution between adjacent particles and magnetic properties. Experimental results in terms of magnetic properties, mainly iron loss, confirmed the potentialities of powder metallurgy in electromagnetic applications.
The multi-layer temperature was measured in the synthetic ammonia tower by the LM75A temperature sensor, which can exactly adjust temperature in the synthetic ammonia tower, and improve the synthetical rate of ammonia, except for which, reduce cost. The hardware and software system of on-line measuring temperature in the synthetic ammonia tower was designed and debugged. The result was that this system can very good realize the multi-layer temperature measuring in the synthetic ammonia tower, and exactly adjust the temperature of the synthetic ammonia tower in time, at the same time the temperature can exactly display on LCD screen.
A new kind of sensor for measuring force in arbitrary direction to test force's value and direction with a dimension Oslash53 mm times h8.2 mm, developed for dental surgery measurement, has been proposed in this article. A four-beam structure is employed for arbitrary force test. Based on material theory the value and direction of force can be calculated by strain test. A matrix that proves the four-beam sensor feasibility has been deduced with the relation between the force and strain. FEM (finite element analysis method) is adopted to simulate the sensor's displacement characteristics under different force, which shows the necessity of two-layer spring. Chemical etch processing method is applied to manufacture the two-layer spring with thickness 0.1 mm and spacer parts with thickness 0.2 mm. Then the experimental system including the novel sensor, the calibrating force gauge and data acquisition system is constructed. Experiment results with high linearity and low noise in the range of 0.2 N-0.4 N have been obtained. The novel sensor's sensitivity is 0.04 N-1 in x direction, z direction and 0.02 N-1 in y direction. Experiments show that the sensor meets practical using demands in dental surgery field.
With the accelerative development of modern society informationization, data and databases has rapidly increased. That demands the abroad application of distributed data mining (DDM) methods that can parallel to get the results in time. However the problem of minimizing the communications costs across limited bandwidth interconnection network in DDM is crucial now. Considering that, this paper proposes the architecture of distributed data mining, model of scheduling in distributed data mining and its algorithm to deal with it. To more optimize the result of the scheduling algorithm, genetic algorithm is also used in this paper.
In this paper, VLSI architectures and FPGA implementation for edge-preserving filter are presented. We proposed two architectures for edge preserving filter: full parallel pipelined and structure-shared architectures. The edge-preserving filter uses adaptive coefficient mask based on the intensity distance in filter blocks. Compared with the bilateral filter, the proposed edge-preserving filter provides significantly noise reduction. We implement the proposed architecture on Cyclone II EP2C70F896C8 FPGA device from Altera Corp. Our experiments show that the PSNR improvement is up to 5.3 dB for Gaussian noisy images.
To quickly index and retrieval the image of interest, the content-based image retrieval arose as a promising technique. Some CBIR algorithms based on color features are proposed and this paper also presents the design framework of a CBIR system and a prototype system implemented by author. Some test experiments are conducted on a fire image database with good precision and recall.
Decision tree is a common classification algorithm, but this classic algorithm shows low efficiency when dealing with massive data structure decision tree. This paper presents a new approach to structuring decision tree. The split calculation of training units in classic algorithm is taken the place by FP Tree path sets. This method can improve the efficiency of decision tree with the presupposition that the results are the same with the classic algorithm. This method has been testified its validity and superiority by experiments.
Among various enhancement methods, dual microphone methods are utilized for their low cost implementation and use of spatial noise reduction. In this paper, we present a double microphone noise reduction method for nearby microphones. Our method is based on a modified coherence based filter which reduces correlated noises using cross spectral subtraction. In our proposed method the amount of noise reduction is controlled in order to achieve an acceptable compromise between residual noise and speech distortion. The performance of the enhancement technique is carried out using PESQ measure. Obtained results confirm the ability of the proposed approach to reduce distortion of signal.
Predictive systems use historical and other available data to predict an event. In this paper we propose a general framework to predict the Aerology events with time series streams and events stream using combination of K-means clustering algorithm and Decision Tree C5 algorithm. Firstly, we find the closest time series record for any events; therefore, we have gathered different parameters value when an event is occurring. Using K-means we add a field to data set which determines the cluster of each record after that by using C5 algorithm we predict events. C5 Decision Tree Algorithm is one of the well-known Decision Tree Algorithms. This framework and time series model can predict future events efficiently. We gathered 1961 until 2005 data of aerology organization for Tehran Mehrabad Station. This data contains some fields such as wet bulb, relative humidity, amount of cloud, wind speed and etc. This data set includes 17 types of events. Time series models can predict next time series parameters value and by using this Framework the closest event can be predicted. The C5 method is able to predict Events with Correct 74.11 percent and Wrong 25.89 percent. But with the aims of K-means clustering algorithm the prediction increase to 85 percent and wrong to 15 percent. 90 percent of data was used for training set and 10 percent for test set. We use 10-fold cross validation to evaluate our prediction rate. This framework is the first estimation in the area of event prediction for a huge data set of aerology and can be extended in many different data sets in any other environments.
The performance of the airborne graphics displaying system is closely related to its graphics processing algorithm. According to the graphics feature and its variation characteristics of the electronic attitude and direction indicator (EADI), the graphics processing algorithms are designed and verified based on the DSP+FPGA hardware platform specially designed. The graphics is separated into three layers when the system is initiated, in which the filling layer and dynamic character layer vary with the flight parameters while the background layer doesn't. The graphics processing procedure is divided into two steps of outline generating and area filling, which are respectively realized by DSP edge marking and FPGA hardware area filling according to the marks. This graphics processing method mitigated the burden of the main processor compared with the traditional method and decreased the operation time of graphics processing. Consequently, the real-time performance of the system has been promoted to a large extent.
A novel model of the visual preprocessing was proposed , which is derived itself from the known structure of the retina and its dynamic processing for the physiological signals and improved by the demand driving of machine vision application. The model can rapidly detect the probability of the potential objects of interest or threats at every position in the video frames to immediately respond the emerging stimulus of vision.
In a content distribution network based on overlay networks, the peer's upload bandwidth is always constrained. To optimize the system performance, one problem is how to assign the upload capacity to the right neighbors for transferring data blocks. In a system using network coding technology, a strategy which is to select the right neighbors based upon the degrees of them is proposed. The selection probability of each neighbor is determined by its degree. After this strategy is applied, the utilization of network is improved, and the distribution progress is shortened. From the simulation, we found that the performance of content distribution is obviously better than the baseline system on three metrics, including maximum finish time, average finish time and standard deviation.
Web services are the best way to solve cross-platform, cross-language, loosely coupled distributed systems in web environment at present. But because of some non-functional attributes such as authorization, security, transaction, logging, etc. in web services, the adaptation and reuse of web services are decreased. It is difficult to maintain and extend SOA-based applications which are composed of them. In order to solve the above problems, Aspect-Oriented Programming is introduced to web services in this paper, the non-functional attributes are separated and realized as aspectual services and the web services and aspectual services are weaved at SOAP level to construct the final system when the application runs.
