The effects of temperature, genetic background, and age on the reproductive phenotype and Wolbachia titer of Wolbachia-infected thelytokous line of Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura were investigated by analyzing the parameters of reproductive phenotype（male proportion and intersex proportion）, fitness（numbers of parasitized host eggs and emergence proportion）, and Wolbachia titer as influenced by temperature（22 ℃ and 29 ℃）, female age, and genetic background（ZW line and XF line）. The results showed that the male proportion and intersex proportion at 29 ℃ were significantly higher than those at 22 ℃. However, the Wolbachia titer and the number of daily parasitized host eggs deposited by maternal females at 29 ℃ were significantly lower than those at 22 ℃. The male proportion of ZW line was significantly higher than that of XF line, but the number of daily parasitized host eggs of ZW line was significantly lower than that of XF line. The male proportion and intersex proportion of offspring increased significantly with the age of maternal females, but the number of daily parasitized host eggs and emergence proportion of offspring decreased significantly with the age of maternal females. The results highlight the significant effects of temperature and age on the reproductive phenotype of Wolbachia-infected thelytokous line of Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura with different genetic background. The research is expected to help the improvement of the mass-rearing procedure and field application of thelytokous Trichogramma in biological control programs.
Episyrphus balteatus（De Geer） is one of the most common predatory natural enemies in agricultural ecosystems. It has dual ecological service functions of pollination and biological control and plays an important role in improving crop yield and protecting biodiversity. However, the proper aphid species for artificial rearing of the predator is still unclear. Our study on the relationship between three aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, Myzus persicae Sulzer, and Megoura japonica Matsumura and fitness of E. balteatus showed that the developmental durations of larva（5.9 d） and pupa（6.0 d） with M. japonica were significantly shorter than those with the other preys,and the larval survival rate（80.0%） was the largest; the highest pupation rate（88.4%） and pupal emergence rate（100.0%） were attained with the prey A. craccivora, the lowest pupation rate（47.6%） and pupal emergence rate（49.6%） were recorded with M. persicae; With A. craccivora, M. persicae and M. japonica, the average generation period（T） of the predator was 30.26 d, 32.41 d and 32.34 d, respectively; the intrinsic rate of increases（r） was 0.1581, 0.0953 and 0.1424, respectively; and the finite rate of increase（λ） was 1.1713, 1.1002 and 1.1531,respectively. Flight ability tests showed that prey species had a significant effect on the flight velocity of adults, the highest velocity（0.29 m/s） was recorded with the prey M. japonica, in contrast to the lowest velocity（0.23 m/s） with M. persicae. This study indicates that M. japonica is a suitable aphid species for artificial rearing of E. balteatus,which is of theoretical and practical significance for large-scale rearing and utilization of the biocontrol and pollination ecological service functions of E. balteatus.
双尾新小绥螨 Neoseiulus bicaudus 是一种重要的捕食性天敌.为明确双尾新小绥螨对花蓟马Franklinilla intonsa的捕食控害作用以及寄主花粉对其取食花蓟马的影响.本研究通过室内测定不同螨态双尾新小绥螨对不同密度花蓟马若虫的捕食量;在棉花新鲜花粉影响下捕食螨对花蓟马 1龄若虫捕食能力,进而在棉田花期时测定捕食螨对花蓟马的实际控制效果.结果表明,双尾新小绥螨各螨态对花蓟马若虫的捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而升高,对 1龄若虫捕食量显著高于 2龄若虫,其捕食量最高可达 6.1头/日.加入花粉后,双尾新小绥螨成螨对花蓟马的捕食量随着花粉数量的增加而降低,足量的花粉处理使其捕食量显著低于不加花粉处理,其捕食功能反应类型也由Holling-Ⅱ型变为Holling-Ⅲ型.将捕食螨以 1:1的益害比释放至棉田中对花蓟马的防治效果相对最好.综上,双尾新小绥螨对花蓟马 1龄若虫有较好的捕食能力,可用于花蓟马的生物防治.
To develop a control technology for the western flower thrip by the combined application of Beauveria bassiana and food lures, we evaluated the effects of food lure on the germination rate of B. bassiana conidia. In the greenhouse, the effect of distance between food lure and fungi inoculation device on the germination of B. bassiana conidia, the lures’ capacity to capture thrips and the infection of thrips outside the device were examined. The results showed that with increasing distance between the conidia and the food lure, the germination rate increased significantly. There was no significant difference in conidia germination rate when the food lure was 20 cm away from the conidia in comparison with the control. In the greenhouse, when the lure was placed in the device, the germination rate of conidia was 23.4%, significantly lower than the control（56.3%） and those when the lure was placed at a distance of 0 cm（42.9%）, 10 cm（43.9%） and 20 cm（46.5%） from the device, respectively. When the lure was placed in a distance of 0 cm from the inoculation device, the thrip capture was the highest; and when lure was placed into device, the thrip capture was the lowest. When the lure was placed at a distance of 10 cm from the inoculation device, the number of conidia carried by thrips on plants around the device was the highest,significantly higher than other treatments. Meanwhile, the number of conidia carried by the thrips onto plants around the devices increased with time. The combined application of B. bassiana and food lures can establish an “attract-infect-transmit” system, which helps the development of new management technology for the western flower thrip.
To determine the sequence structure and spatiotemporal expression patterns of AKT, MAPK and RPS6KB genes in the insulin signaling pathway of Propylea japonica, the full-length genes of AKT, MAPK and RPS6KB were acquired from P. japonica genome. Protein sequence structure analysis showed that the genes encode 522, 332,and 375 amino acids, respectively. Expression profiles of the genes in different developmental stages（1, 3, 5, 7 days after eclosion） and tissues（head, thorax, abdomen, intestine） of P. japonica female adults were investigated through the method of real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that AKT, MAPK and RPS6KB were significantly up-regulated in the 7-d old females and reached the highest level. AKT was highly expressed in the head in the 1-d and 3-d old females, and highly expressed in the intestine and thorax in the 5-d and 7-d old females, respectively.The expression level of MAPK gene in the head was significantly higher than that in the thorax, abdomen and intestine in the 1-d, 3-d, 5-d and 7-d old females. Expression level of RPS6KB gene was the highest in abdomen in the1-d, 3-d, 5-d and 7-d old females, and significantly higher than that in head, thorax and intestine. Taken together,the expression levels of AKT, MAPK and RPS6KB genes differ in different developmental stages and tissues of P.japonica, which serves as a foundation for further study on the role of insulin signaling pathway in reproductive development of P. japonica..
梢枯病是浙江省武义县寿仙谷铁皮石斛种植基地一种常见的真菌病害,严重影响铁皮石斛的产量与品质,而鉴定枯梢病的病原菌是有效防治该病害的前提条件.本文通过对铁皮石斛染病组织培养、病原菌分离纯化,柯赫法则验证、形态学观察与基因序列比对分析(Alta1、EF-1α、RPB2、ATP、His 3)等,明确了引起浙产铁皮石斛梢枯病的病原菌为链格孢菌 Alternaria alternata.淀粉酶产色链霉菌 Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628代谢产物对链格孢菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,IC50为 0.461%(体积浓度).田间试验结果表明,在 7和 14 d的校正防效分别为 68.35%和 65.97%,均显著高于阳性对照 50%多菌灵.本研究明确了铁皮石斛梢枯病病原菌的分类地位,并获得能够有效抑制该病原菌的微生物抑菌物质淀粉酶产色链霉菌代谢产物,为后续浙产铁皮石斛梢枯病的防治提供了实践依据.
为探明牛角花齿蓟马 Odontothrips loti 对寄主植物花及其挥发物的嗅觉行为反应,选取紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa、黄花草木樨Melilotus officinalis、红豆草Onobrychis viciaefolia和红三叶Trifolium pratense 4种豆科牧草,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了蓟马对上述 4种寄主植物的行为选择趋性,并采用动态顶空吸附法采集植物挥发物,气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)鉴定化合物组分及含量分析.结果表明,与空气对照比较,牛角花齿蓟马对紫花苜蓿表现显著偏好选择,选择反应率为 70.6%,对其他 3 种寄主的行为反应差异不显著.两项选择中,与红豆草、红三叶比较,牛角花齿蓟马显著趋向选择紫花苜蓿,选择反应率分别为 78.3%和 68.7%,其余各组合处理间均无显著差异.花释放的挥发物中,4种牧草共鉴定出 40种化合物,分别是烷烃 1种,醇类 9种,酮类 2种,醛类 5种,酯类 9种,萜烯类 13种,酚类 1种.因子分析显示,用主成分分析法提取的因子 1,2,3分别解释了总方差概率的 56.65%,24.47%和 15.63%,对 3个因子挥发物组分的贡献大小依次是紫花苜蓿、黄花草木樨、红豆草和红三叶.由此推测部分关键寄主挥发物苯甲醛、β-石竹烯、α-蒎烯、月桂烯、棕榈酸甲酯和百里酚等在牛角花齿蓟马与寄主化学通讯过程中发挥重要作用.研究结果为进一步开发植物源引诱剂进行牛角花齿蓟马的绿色防控提供了依据.
为明确球孢白僵菌在玉米植株中的定殖能力及其对玉米植株生长和抗病性的影响,本研究采用灌根方式构建球孢白僵菌-玉米共生体,对玉米植株叶绿素、氮含量以及株高进行测定,评价球孢白僵菌对玉米的促生作用;通过人工接种玉米大斑病,探究球孢白僵菌定殖对玉米大斑病菌的抗性作用;采用球孢白僵菌菌落计数和荧光定量PCR等方法研究玉米植株受到玉米大斑病菌胁迫时,球孢白僵菌在玉米植株内的定殖扩散规律.结果表明,球孢白僵菌在玉米植株内的定殖率为 68.18%,定殖后能够对植株生长产生积极影响,同时能显著降低玉米大斑病的发病率,接种玉米大斑病第 21 d发病率降低 46.67%.在玉米叶片受到大斑病菌侵染时,能够从根际土壤"招募"球孢白僵菌,使球孢白僵菌在叶片聚集,进而提高对病原微生物的抗性.本研究进一步明确了虫生真菌对植物病害的生防潜力,为虫生真菌在植物组织中定殖研究以及诱导抗性研究提供理论依据.
近年来,在我国桉树上发生了一种严重的外来入侵害虫——桉树叶瘿球角姬小蜂 Ophelimus maskelli(Ashmead)(膜翅目:姬小蜂科Eulophidae),其在桉树叶片上形成密密麻麻的小疱状虫瘿,造成桉树叶片大量脱落.为了利用天敌对该害虫进行生物防治,我们开展了该害虫的天敌调查.通过采集受害桉树叶片进行饲养,获得了一种寄生该害虫的寄生蜂——桉树扁角金绿姬小蜂 Closterocerus chamaeleon(Girault)(膜翅目:姬小蜂科Eulophidae).该寄生蜂为我国新纪录种,本文对其形态特征进行了详细描述,并提供了成虫鉴别特征的彩色照片.桉树扁角金绿姬小蜂原产地是澳大利亚,现在已被引进到世界上许多桉树栽培的国家和地区防治桉树叶瘿球角姬小蜂,防效十分显著.桉树扁角金绿姬小蜂是自然控制该害虫的优势天敌,我国现在发现了这种天敌,将在我国生物防治这种桉树外来入侵害虫上发挥重要作用.
为筛选出适合植保无人机喷施球孢白僵菌制剂防治水稻二化螟的最佳飞行参数,本文利用大疆公司T20 型植保无人机喷施球孢白僵菌制剂,探索不同飞行参数(飞行高度、飞行速度)对球孢白僵菌制剂沉积量(单位面积内球孢白僵菌孢子沉积个数)的影响,对筛选出的最优飞行参数进行田间试验并调查防治效果.飞行高度和飞行速度两个因素分别对单位面积内球孢白僵菌制剂沉积量存在显著影响,其中飞行高度因素对其影响更为显著,但两者之间的交互作用对其影响不显著;当飞行高度为 1.5 m、飞行速度为 3.0 m/s～5.0 m/s时,球孢白僵菌制剂沉积量高于其他处理;当飞行高度为 1.5 m、飞行速度为 5.0 m/s时,田间防治水稻二化螟的防治效果可达到 75.34%.通过本研究,确定了植保无人机喷施球孢白僵菌制剂防治水稻二化螟的最佳飞行参数为飞行高度 1.5 m,飞行速度 5.0 m/s,水稻二化螟的田间防治效果可达75.34%以上.由此可见,利用植保无人机喷施球孢白僵菌制剂防治水稻二化螟的防治效果明显,具有大面积推广应用的价值.
贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis YL2021是一株对多种植物病原菌具有良好防治效果的生防菌,其基因组中含有完整的儿茶酚型嗜铁素合成基因簇,在缺铁条件下能产生具有抑菌作用的嗜铁素.为了提高贝莱斯芽胞杆菌YL2021嗜铁素的产量,采用摇瓶培养发酵,通过Plackett-Burman(PB)试验、中心组合试验(central composite design,CCD)和响应曲面法(response surface methodology,RSM)分析,优化菌株YL2021 高产嗜铁素的发酵培养基成分和培养条件.结果表明,菌株YL2021 高产嗜铁素的最优培养基配方:葡萄糖 19.43 g/L、NH4Cl 1.93 g/L、KH2PO4 9.02 g/L、谷氨酸钠 6.00 g/L、MgSO4 1.75 g/L和CaCl2 0.08 g/L;最优培养条件为:温度 30℃、初始pH值 7.0、接种量 5%、培养时间 36.5 h、转速 200 r/min和装液量 75 mL(250 mL三角瓶中).菌株YL2021在优化条件下嗜铁素产量达到 734.86 μmol/L,较优化前提高了 10.34倍,优化效果明显.本文结果表明,已成功建立了适用于 YL2021 高产嗜铁素的摇瓶发酵体系,为嗜铁素的生防应用提供理论基础和技术支撑.
为研究植物根际细菌HQ1-2在黄瓜根际定殖能力及对根际土壤微生态和枯萎病的影响,本研究采用稀释涂布平板法测定HQ1-2在黄瓜根际定殖密度,采用对峙试验和孢子萌发试验测定其对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制活性,通过盆栽试验评价其对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果和对黄瓜根际土壤微生态的影响,并对其进行鉴定.结果表明,HQ1-2在黄瓜根系和根际土壤具有稳定的定殖能力,处理 12 d时在黄瓜根系和根际土壤分别能保持 104和 106 cfu/g的定殖密度;HQ1-2处理显著增加黄瓜根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量,减少真菌数量,提高根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,增加根际土壤速效氮、磷、钾的含量.在室内试验,HQ1-2对尖孢镰刀菌的菌丝生长、分生孢子形成和孢子萌发均具有显著的抑制作用,在盆栽试验,HQ1-2 显著防治黄瓜枯萎病,其防效达到 84.62%.另外,根据形态特征、生理生化特性和 16S rRNA序列同源性分析,将HQ1-2菌株鉴定为多粘类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa.
为了评价喷雾助剂对除草剂减量施用下的增效调节作用,采用仪器分析和田间试验的方法研究了 7种助剂对烟嘧磺隆的药液特性和除草活性的调节作用.结果表明,7种助剂均能显著降低药液的表面张力、接触角,增加药液铺展直径.杰效利对药液表面张力和接触角的降低作用和药液铺展直径的增加作用好于其他助剂,添加杰效利 0.05%～0.2%后烟嘧磺隆药液的表面张力降低了 41.52%～47.69%,接触角降低了49.87%～66.23%,铺展直径增加了 59.94%～150.13%;渗透者、倍创和迈丝可以显著延长液滴干燥时间,与未添加助剂相比干燥时间分别增加了 3.84%～36.69%、17.20%～23.57%、3.02%～18.01%;田间试验结果表明,渗透者和迈丝对烟嘧磺隆的增效作用好于其他助剂,能够降低烟嘧磺隆使用量达 25%～40%,可以作为烟嘧磺隆的有效助剂选择使用.
为评价波氏烟盲蝽Nesidiocoris poppiusi Carvalho对害虫的捕食能力和控害潜能,在室内条件下研究了波氏烟盲蝽对烟蚜、烟粉虱和西花蓟马三种常见农田小型害虫的捕食功能反应和搜寻效应.结果表明波氏烟盲蝽雌、雄成虫对所试三种害虫的捕食功能反应均拟合Holling Ⅱ型.雌虫对烟蚜、烟粉虱和西花蓟马有较高的捕食能力,理论日最大捕食量分别为 123.5、133.35和 192.3头.雄虫对三种害虫的捕食能力弱于雌虫,理论日最大捕食量分别为 43.3、19.6和 22.1头.雌虫对烟蚜、烟粉虱和西花蓟马的瞬时攻击率分别为 1.065、1.037和0.810,雄虫分别为1.184、1.129和0.853.雌虫对烟蚜、烟粉虱和西花蓟马的处理时间分别为0.0081 d、0.0075 d和 0.0052 d,均短于雄虫.波氏烟盲蝽对三种猎物的搜寻效应均随猎物密度增加而降低,对烟蚜和烟粉虱的搜寻效应高于西花蓟马,雄虫搜寻效应的下降趋势高于雌虫.本研究为波氏烟盲蝽对以上三种常见农业害虫的防控提供了理论基础和数据支撑.
Kr-h1 基因是研究昆虫变态发育与害虫生物防治的重要靶标分子.本研究解析了昆虫 Kr-h1 基因结构、保守结构域、二级结构与三级结构,开展了多序列比对、表达模式分析与系统发育树重构.结果表明,Kr-h1 基因外显子数量较为保守,多为 2个,而内含子长度变异较大.Kr-h1 蛋白一般含 8个锌指结构,二维与三维结构显示锌指结构保障了蛋白的稳定性.基于全长序列的系统发育分析显示,昆虫Kr-h1 为直系同源,亲缘关系与物种进化相吻合,基于锌指结构的系统发育则显示Kr-h1 不同模块进化中的差异.菜粉蝶转录组数据显示,该基因表达模式与变态密切相关.本研究丰富了昆虫Kr-h1 基因的知识,以期为菜粉蝶、西花蓟马等昆虫变态发育研究与生物防治提供新策略.
贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis Ba-0321是从健康烟株根际土壤中分离获得的一株具有较强抑菌活性的根际促生细菌,具有较好的生防潜力和应用前景.本研究采用菌丝生长速率法测定菌株Ba-0321无菌滤液对烟草尖孢镰刀菌 Fusarium oxysporum 和疫霉菌 Phytophthora nicotianae 的抑制效果,采用二代illumina与三代Nanopore 相结合的测序技术,对菌株Ba-0321进行全基因组测序,并对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因功能注释及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测等.结果表明,菌株Ba-0321无菌滤液对尖孢镰刀菌和疫霉菌均具有抑制效果,其中含有 10%无菌滤液的培养基对两种病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率较高,分别达 57.38%和 34.30%.全基因组测序结果表明,菌株Ba-0321基因组大小为 4099109 bp,共有编码基因 3897个,基因组测序数据提交至NCBI获得 GenBank登录号为CP101904.在GO、COG和KEGG Pathway数据库中有大量编码酶类、萜类化合物、聚酮化合物代谢途径和参与防御机制相关基因被注释.利用anti-SMASH 预测到 13 个次级代谢产物合成基因簇,编码 Surfactin、Fengycin、difficidin、Bacillaene、Bacillibactin、Macrolactin H、Bacilysin等多种抑菌活性物质.通过PCR扩增和序列测定分析,证实了Ba-0321菌株基因组中确实存在抑菌物质合成基因簇及防御机制相关基因.酶活测定结果表明,该菌株具有蛋白酶、几丁质酶和纤维素酶等抗性酶活性.本研究在基因组层面上解析了菌株Ba-0321的抑菌机制,为挖掘抑菌相关基因资源提供了分子基础,对该菌株的后续相关研究及应用具有重要意义.
大豆食心虫作为重要害虫在我国大豆主产区造成巨大经济损失.白僵菌和赤眼蜂是大豆食心虫的两种重要生物防治手段,如何将二者相结合实现大豆食心虫的可持续防控还未见报道.本研究从大豆食心虫幼虫僵虫分离、鉴定并筛选到 3 株高毒力球孢白僵菌菌株,对大豆食心虫老熟幼虫致死中时间(LT50)分别为 6.21 d,6.39 d和 6.87 d.筛选到对螟黄赤眼蜂羽化和寄生害虫卵无明显影响的球孢白僵菌孢子高吸附性助剂 0.1%(w/v)淀粉溶液,实现单头蜂带菌量 3.56×104 个孢子.两年田间试验表明,较单一使用螟黄赤眼蜂,螟黄赤眼蜂携带球孢白僵菌对大豆食心虫防治效果分别提高了 11.80%和 8.31%,分别达到了 70.44%和 64.75%,从而实现了在不明显增加防治成本的基础上,提高防治效率,实现协同增效.
Chelonus formosanus Sonan is a dominant parasitoid of many lepidopteran pests and has great utilization value for the biological control against pests. Toreveal the effects of different factors on mating rateof C. formosanus， so as to improve efficiency of mass-rearing by increasing the female rate， this study tested the mating rate of C. formosanus as affected by different temperatures， nutrition， sex ratios， dating time， and space size. The results showed that the mating rate increased gradually with temperature. The highest mating rate was 45.0% at 32 ℃. The mating rate was not significantly affected by different nutrition. When the sex ratio was 1♀:1♂， the mating rate was the lowest， only 7.5%， the highest mating rate was 80.0% when the ratio was 1♀:7♂. The mating rate increased with the extension of dating time. The highest rate was 75.0% when the dating time was 5 days. As the volume of the space gradually increased from 348 cm 3 to 1920 cm 3 ， the mating rate decreased gradually， and the lowest was 5.0%. In conclusion， the results selected the optimal combination of factors， and showed that the mating rate of C. formosanus was 97.5% under this condition.
前期研究发现,二化螟为害稻株对褐飞虱具有显著的引诱作用.为了鉴定对褐飞虱寄主选择行为具有显著调控作用的水稻挥发物,本文通过H型嗅觉仪研究了二化螟为害诱导水稻释放的 15 种重要水稻挥发物对褐飞虱寄主选择行为影响.结果显示,β-石竹烯、2-壬酮、大根香叶烯D和(3E)-4,8-二甲基壬-1,3,7-三烯对褐飞虱有显著的引诱作用;水杨酸甲酯、2-十一烷酮和(3E,7E)-4,8,12-三甲基十三-1,3,7,11-四烯对褐飞虱有显著的排斥作用;而 α-蒎烯、2-十三烷酮、十三醛、苯甲酸苯甲酯、异氟尔酮、2-十五烷酮、邻伞花烯烃和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯对褐飞虱行为选择没有显著影响.结果表明,二化螟为害诱导稻株不仅释放对褐飞虱具有引诱作用的化合物,同时也释放对褐飞虱具有排斥作用的化合物,褐飞虱对二化螟为害稻株的偏爱性源于二化螟诱导水稻释放的不同化合物的综合作用.研究鉴定的对褐飞虱寄主选择行为具有显著调控作用的水稻挥发物为研制褐飞虱驱避剂和引诱剂奠定了基础.
副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus parasaissetiae是橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra成虫的重要内寄生蜂.为了明确补充营养对该蜂寿命及繁殖的影响,本研究观察了补充 7种糖源物质时,在有寄主和无寄主条件下该蜂的寿命、卵子发育、产卵量、后代发育历期及出蜂数.结果表明:雌成蜂寿命在不提供寄主时,补充果糖的最长为 16.6 d,其余依次为蔗糖、蜂蜜、葡萄糖、松三糖、海藻糖、寄主蜜露,在提供寄主时取食清水的最长,为 10.0 d,补充寄主蜜露、松三糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖的成蜂寿命均在 9.0 d以上;雄成蜂寿命在不提供寄主时,补充果糖的最长为 16.0 d,补充其余糖类与空白CK和清水相比均延长了雄蜂寿命.补充营养能明显促进副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂卵巢发育及卵子成熟,提供寄主且补充蜂蜜、蔗糖或不提供寄主补充果糖时,24 h后小蜂成熟卵量均显著高于补充清水个体的成熟卵量.补充 20%蔗糖水小蜂的产卵量最高,为 43.7 粒/雌;其次是果糖(39.0 粒/雌)、葡萄糖(37.0 粒/雌)、清水(31.8 粒/雌)、蜂蜜(31.0 粒/雌),空白的产卵量则最少,仅为 12.4粒/雌.补充营养对子代的发育、存活和寄生能力等也具有明显影响.综上,副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的寿命和产卵受成虫期营养的影响明显,可选用浓度为 20%的蜂蜜、果糖或蔗糖等作为该蜂扩繁和释放前的补充营养.
