In order to evaluate the stability,high-yielding ability and discrimination of rice varieties in Liaoning Province,the data from 14 rice varieties and 6 test sites in the regional test of rice varieties in Liaoning Province in 2019 were analyzed by AMMI model.The results showed that highly significant variations was observed among environments,GEI(genotype and environment interactions)and genotypes,accounting for17.0％,49.72％and 14.19％of total variance,respectively.Two principal component in AMMI model could explain 75.6％of the interaction effect,and the interaction effect between genotype and environment could be effectively analyzed.The varieties Yuangeng-2(g4),Meifengdao-245(g2),Fuhedao-258(g5)belonged to high and stable yield variety.In terms of discrimination,Kaiyuan Demonstration and Multiplication Farm(e1)showed the strongest discrimination.
Genghe-205 was selected and bred by genealogy in Gongzhuling Songliao Institute of Agricultural Sciences with Tong-211 as female parent and Zhonghe-1 as male parent.It was approved by Jilin Province in 2023.In Jilin Province,the average yield was 9 619.70 kg/hm2 in two years of provincial regional test,which was 9.7％higher than that of the control(CK)variety Jiyugeng,and the percentage of increase in different regions was 100％.The breeding process,breeding innovation,characteristics and key cultivation techniques of Genghe-205 were summarized.
The effects of different side deep slow-release special fertilizer applications on rice growth and yield were studied.The experimental results showed that the treatment of Gurun and Hongsifang side deep slow-release special fertilizer could shorten the time of rice reaching full ear stage by 1 day,and the maturity stage was 1 day earlier than the other three treatments.At the harvest stage,the number of grains per spike and the seed setting rate were the highest when the special fertilizer was applied.Compared with the other 4 treatments,the treatment with Dongnong side deep slow-release special fertilizer had the highest yield,reaching 650.5 kg/667 m2,the number of grains per spike was 96.4 grains per spike,and the setting rate was 96.2％.
In order to explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice blast control of Yangeng series rice varieties(lines)and the effect of rice blast on rice quality.25 newly bred rice varieties(lines)of Yangeng series and Yanfeng-47 were used for field tests.All varieties were transplanted at two levels of normal nitrogen application(180 kg/hm2)and 20％nitrogen reduction(144 kg/hm2)respectively to investigate the occurrence of rice panicle neck blast;The rice quality of Yanfeng-47 was determined by collecting the diseased panicles of Yanfeng-47,which were not diseased under two nitrogen levels,and the diseased panicles whose disease index no less than grade 5 at the normal nitrogen application level.The results showed that 20％reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application could reduce the occurrence of rice blast,and there was no significant difference in rice yield,processing quality,appearance quality and nutritional quality;The occurrence of rice blast can reduce the processing and appearance quality of rice such as brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate,as well as the nutritional quality such as protein content,amylose content,fatty acid content and taste value of rice.It can be seen that rice blast can affect rice quality,and 20％nitrogen reduction can reduce the occurrence of rice blast,thus improving rice quality without affecting rice yield.
In order to test the efficacy and safety of 40％pyristol pentazolol SC(Yingrun)and other agents against rice sheath blight,field trials were conducted.The results showed that:40％pyristol pentazolol SC(Yingrun)and other agents had a good control effect on rice grain wilt,and the effect was similar to that of local conventional agents,with no significant difference in control effect,and no adverse effect on rice safety after application.
Xindao-571 is an early-maturing japonica rice variety bred by hybrid pedigree method with Xinkedao-31 as female parent and Yanfeng-47 as male parent in Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The variety has excellent characteristics such as high quality,high yield,stable yield and disease resistance,and was approved by the Henan Provincial Crop Variety Certification Committee in 2022.The breeding process,characteristics and cultivation techniques of Xindao-571 were summarized in order to provide reference for its widespread application.
The pot seedling transplanting technique of rice seedlings can realize the precise and orderly transplanting of strong seedlings without planting injury,which has many advantages.Under the condition of large-scale rice and crab cultivation in Liaoning coastal rice area,the application of rice pot seedling transplanting technology to achieve high yield cultivation requires the deep integration of agricultural machinery technology and agronomic technology,and the work of seedling cultivation,transplanting and field water and fertilizer management should be focused on maximizing the yield and optimizing the quality of rice.Four key technologies for high-yield cultivation of rice pot seedling under the condition of large-scale rice and crab cultivation were described,namely,standardized seedling cultivation technology,precise transplanting technology,precise fertilization technology and scientific water management technology,so as to facilitate the popularization and application of transplanting technology of rice pot seedling.
Jigeng-330 is a high-yield,high-quality,widely suitable and disease-resistant middle-ripe japonica rice variety that was bred by genealagic hybridization of"Jigeng-806/Changbai-16"progeny stable strain as female parent and disease-resistant strain BC2009F20 as male parent in 2013 by Rice Research Institute of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It was approved by Jilin Provincial Crop Variety Certification Committee in 2022.The selection process and characteristics of Jigeng-330 were summarized,and the key cultivation techniques were introduced from the aspects of sowing,transplanting,fertilization,water management,prevention and control of diseases,pests and grasses.
The phenomenon of excessive cadmium in rice still occurs in a certain range in China.The control of cadmium pollution is the key and difficult point in the current and future agricultural product quality safety work.Based on the physicochemical properties and toxicity of cadmium,the source and distribution of cadmium in rice,the control methods of physical cadmium reduction,chemical cadmium reduction and biological cadmium reduction were analyzed,and the relevant countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to provide reference for the prevention and control of cadmium pollution in rice.
A new rice variety Songliao-677 was studied by applying silicon(Si)fertilizer.The results showed that the application of Si fertilizer can make the stems of rice plant hard and strong,and enhance the stress resistance.Applying silicon fertilizer increased the setting rate and improved the yield and quality.The yield of 25 kg/667 m2 silicon fertilizer was the highest,and the yield characteristics and quality were significantly higher than those of other treatments.
The aim of this study was to explore the optimal scheme of rice mechanical dry direct seeding control and slow release base fertilizerand sowing quantity allocation in coastal rice area,and to ensure rice quality while minimizing agricultural cost,reducing labor intensity,improving agricultural production efficiency and ecological benefits,so as to provide theoretical basis for the future development of direct seeding rice in coastal rice area.The effects of controlled release base fertilizer combined with seeding amount on rice quality of mechanical drought seeding in coastal rice area were studied by field comparison experiment.The results showed that the best nutrition quality and taste value of rice were 810 kg/hm2 controlled slow release base fertilizer and 195 kg/hm2 seeding quantity,675 kg/hm2 controlled slow release base fertilizer and 195 kg/hm2 seeding quantity.The best rice cooking quality was 810 kg/hm2 controlled slow release base fertilizer and 195 kg/hm2 sowing quantity,675 kg/hm2 controlled slow release base fertilizer and 105 kg/hm2 sowing quantity.The better processing quality and appearance quality of rice were 540 kg/hm2 controlled slow-release base fertilizer and 195 kg/hm2 seeding quantity.In conclusion,reasonable control and slow release base fertilizer and sowing amount allocation can meet the needs of rice growth and development at various stages,and effectively regulate the population number,which greatly improves the rice quality of dry direct seeding.
The effects of spaceflight mutagenesis on yield and quality of rice were reviewed.The causes of yield and quality differences of rice spaceflight mutagenesis progeny were analyzed from the aspects of gene mutation and genetic background,etc.Strategies to improve yield and quality of rice spaceflight mutagenesis progeny were proposed,and comprehensive studies on yield and quality differences of rice spaceflight mutagenesis progeny were summarized.The prospects for the yield and quality differences of rice space-induced progeny were put forward,which provided the basis for breeding and improvement of rice space-induced progeny.
In this paper,two rice varieties were selected and inoculated by mixing pathogen spores and mycelia suspension with rice grain.After 5 days of inoculation,the number of shoots isolated pathogens accounted for more than 70％of the total isolated rice shoots.The effect of inoculation proved that the mixed inoculation method of rice grain and pathogen was feasible and simple.
To identify suitable agents for pest and disease control under rice-shrimp crop cultivation,the acute toxicity of pesticides used in paddy fields to the Chinese shrimp(Palaemonetes sinensis)was determined.Conducted in accordance with the method of the national standard GB/T 31270.21-2014 Test Guidelines for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticides Part 21:Large Crustacean Biotoxicity Test.Among the 23 pesticides commonly used in Liaoning Province's paddy fields,two pesticides,10％ethermethrin SC and 60％pyraclostrobin WG,making them high-risk pesticides.Nine pesticides are medium-risk,including 50％thiamethoxam SC,5％abamectin EC,24％methomyl SC,10％bromoxynil OD,50％thiamethoxam WG,30％insecticide EC,50％pyrimethanil WG,9％pyraclostrobin CS,and 70％tebuconazole WG.30％thiamethoxam SC,30％thiamethoxam SC,20％clothianidin SC,10％tetrachlorvinphos-methyl SC,20％omethoate WP,8000 IU/mg Bacillus thuringiensis SC,10 billion spores/g Chrysosporium greenish WP,35％tricyclozole SC,20％chlortetracycline WG,2.4％validamycin AS,40％fenoxanil SC and 40％hexanazol SC,these pesticides are low-risk.In rice-shrimp production fields,low-risk pesticide applications are recommended for pest and disease control.
In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on aphid population occurrence and rice yield in Yangeng-series varieties(lines)in Liaohe rice area,to explore the control effect of reduced nitrogen application on rice Macrosiphum avenae,and to compare the yield relationship of japonica rice under different nitrogen fertilizer levels.The results showed that the aphid population increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level,and 25％nitrogen reduction could effectively reduce the aphid population and its harm.At the same time,nitrogen application rate can significantly affect rice yield components and yield value,while 25％nitrogen reduction has no significant effect on rice yield reduction.Comprehensive evaluation of the damage degree of nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and aphid showed that the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 135 kg/hm2,the average aphid population of each japonica rice variety(lines)was reduced by 46.33％compared with the conventional fertilizer field,and the average theoretical rice yield of each japonica rice variety(lines)was stable at 718.12 kg/667 m2,taking into account pest control,Stable rice yield and optimized ecological benefits.
Yungeng48 is a new japonica rice variety with good quality,which was bred by the Institute of Food Crops of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences with high yield intermediate material Yungeng14/Yungengyou3 as maternal parent and good quality intermediate material Yungengyou3//Yungengyou4/Yungengyou12 as paternal parent after 11 generations system selection.The rice quality,high yield,disease resistance,cold resistance and other characteristics were identified simultaneously from the selection of individual plant of F3 generation.Therefor Yungeng48 has comprehensive excellent characters such as good quality,high yield,multiple resistance and wide adaptability.The variety was approved by Yunnan Province in 2021 and is suitable for planting in rice areas with an altitude of 1 450～1 850 m in Yunnan Province and similar rice areas in neighboring provinces.
为进一步明确麦长管蚜在盘锦地区的发生与环境因子之间的关系,以及在2 类稻田的发生危害情况.在系统调查麦长管蚜种群动态的基础上,利用多元回归法,得到麦长管蚜与环境因子间的数学模型,以及 2 类稻田上的发生分布情况.结果表明:盘锦地区 2 类稻田上发生危害的均为麦长管蚜;麦长管蚜在 2 类稻田的发生时间动态一致;在水稻穗上部分布比例约为 80%,全株蚜量(y)与穗上部蚜量(x)之间的关系,常规田:y=1.25x+2.55,稻蟹田:y=1.19x+1.41;常规田麦长管蚜的发生与当地近7日平均温度存在显著的相关性.
为了探索滨海稻区水稻旱直播最佳施肥方案,保证产量同时尽量降低农业成本、降低劳动强度、提高农业生产效率、生态效益,为直播稻未来在滨海稻区发展提供理论依据.采用田间对比试验方法,研究缓释肥与速效氮肥配施对滨海稻区水稻旱直播产量的影响.结果表明,实际产量750 kg/hm2的缓释肥(基肥)与65 kg/hm2的速效氮肥(蘖肥)配施的处理7或750 kg/hm2的缓释肥(基肥)与33 kgAim2的速效氮肥(穗肥)配施的处理8较好.处理7产量比处理8增加1.09％.合理的缓释肥与速效氮肥配施能够满足水稻各时期生长发育对肥的需要,大大提高了水稻旱直播产量.
缓/控释肥是一种能根据作物养分需求缓慢释放养分的肥料.它对水稻的增产和提高稻米品质有不可忽视的作用,是对传统化肥长期施用后存在的一系列问题给出的新的解决思路和方法.本试验针对沈阳地区化肥施用现状,利用普通复合肥(28-11-11)为对照(CK)与不同缓/控释肥处理进行对比,并对不同处理间的株高、实粒数、秕粒数、千粒重、单位面积产量以及单位面积经济收入等数据进行了分析和比较.从数据的初步分析可知,水稻缓/控释肥处理相比于对照(CK)能够在水稻多项农艺性状以及单位面积产量、经济收益上有促进作用.并希望借此对沈阳地区水稻的高产、高效,可持续发展提供一定的理论支持和指导.
水稻钵盘旱育机插秧绿色高效生产新技术是水稻机械化生产的升级换代新技术,该技术比传统平盘(软盘)育秧机插技术更先进,播量精确均匀,育秧效率高,育成的秧苗整齐健壮,移栽不伤根,分蘖早而多,穗层整齐、成穗率高,产出的稻米品质优,节本增效.从鲁东南稻区生产实际出发,主要从机插水稻品种的选择、育秧土及秧床准备、播种摆盘、育秧管理、大田准备、插秧、大田管理等方面总结介绍了该项水稻生产新技术.
