In order to study the behavior of a single pile under combined axial and lateral loading, a series of model tests were run to investigate the effects of lateral loading on axial pile top displacements and the influence of axial loads on the lateral pile top deflections and bending moment, and the response of a single pile was analysed using three dimensional finite element analysis with nonlinear soil behavior (Drucker Prager model) and pile soil contact elements representing slippage and pile soil separation. Both tests and simulating analysis show that the effects of axial loading on the lateral bearing characteristics of pile is small and the influence of lateral loads on the axial pile is remarkable.
The advesives up (unsaturatea polyester) and ep(epoxy) Composotions. Called as estercrete -p and epcrete - p respectively for repairing and streghtening of concrete were presented in this paper. The charc- terization of the adhesives was done dy test of bonded concrete and CF reinforced concrete with adheseies. The experiment results show that both of them had much beutter cohesive performance for concrete and strengthe- ning materials such as carbon fiber. The Bending strength for concrete bonding was over 7MPa with ester crete - p and 8Mpa with Epcrete - p. So that both of adhesives system can be used in repairing and stregthening of Concrete widely. Carbonfibre.
In a S-compactness space, we giwe a sufficient condition that S_2-space become S_3 *-space or S_3 *- space become S_4 * -space. Mian results : If X is a S-cmpactness space, and X has finite semi-open set interrec- tion property then(1)If X is a S_2-space, then X is a S_3 *-space; (2)If X is a S_2-space, then X is a S_4 *- space; (3) If X is a S_3 * -space, then X is a S_4 * -space.
BGA/CSP packaging theory and its advantages in IC packaging field are discussed from the view- point of IC developing trend together with construction principle of ball mounters.The ball mounting system proposed consists of three engineering processes Printing,Mounting Inspection.It is pointed out that BGA/ CSP packaging takes the leading position in the high-end IC packaging fields,and represents the future de- velopment trend of IC packaging.As a nation who makes every effort to be a large IC maker,China must study further its theory and development.
A nonlinear elastic viscoelastic rheology constitutive model of soil is proposed and successfully used for rectifaction of soft soil. The numerical immitation of building rectifaction by the stress relief is done by finite element method to analyse the transferring and changes of foundation stress horizon and displacement field and the changes of settlement speed rate with time and settlement values of the ground. The result shows the effect of soft soil's rheological characteristics to building rectifaction can't be neglected and the result of rectifaction is better when the rheology of soil is considered.
Regenerative EDC can be used in a sealed and manned space cabin to depureate air by concentra- ting and transfering CO_2.The multi-parameter measuring and controlling system can be used to improve the working stability of the cell group on the base of the manual controlling with EDC and measure and control such process parameters as temperature,humidity,concentration and large scale cell voltage in EDC.Its hard- ware design includes temperature measuring circuits,multi-scale expanding circuits and thyristor control cir- cuits,etc.Its software applies the modified integral algorithm of PID.
How to apply AHP-PCA way to classify eutrophy of cold lakes is illustrated with the Erlongshan Reservoir as an example.The use of a few mathematical methods and standardization and unification of indice systems are presented as well.The results of assessment are much closer to reality.
A new way of wet flue gas desulfurization by failing liquid film on the surface axial finned - tube bundle is presented with the theory behind removal of SO_2 explained. The effects of staggered and aligned ar- ray tubes and gas velocity and gas -liquid rate and gas temperature on desulpHurization efficiency and quanti- ty of water carried by flue gas are investigated through experiments. The experiment results show that the effect of desulpHurization effect is better when the flue gas is at 65℃, 4. 0m/s cross the tube bundle of 10 rows with the relative space of staggered rows S_1/d =2. 6, S_2/d =2.4.
To study the space effect on growth and development of rice and to select beneficial mutations, 10 kinds of dry rice seeds with different heading time were carried on ShenZhou spaceship for space flight. The rice was planted immediately after the space flight to study the changes in biological characters, such as germi- nation rate, tiller number and heading date, and remarkable changes were analyzed by statistics. The results show that space environment can stimuli or inhabit rice tiller according to different genotypes. The changes of heading date indicate the direction of changes must have some relationship with genotype. Five plants were found much higher in M_1 generation and they have many differences in biological characters.
Sludge concentration in a bio-reactor is one of the important parameters for MBR.It influences not only the removal efficiencies of pollutants but also the flux of membrane module.This paper studied the in- creasing rule of sludge concentration during MBR treating domestic sewage.The result showed that MLVSS and MLSS both increased with time at the initial stages,but after 30 days the value of MLVSS was kept at about 6 200 mg/L,whereas MLSS continues to increase.The ratio of MLVSS/MLSS was decreased gradually from 85% to 63%.The paper simultaneity examined the treatment effects of COD、NH_3-N,TN under different mixed liquor suspended solids and drew the conclusions:the increasing of MLSS is in the favor of improving the removal efficiencies of COD and NH_3-N in a certain range.Finally,the relationship between the flow of membrane and the MLSS concentration was studied and the result is that they are linear minus correlation.
Natural granular limestone prepared by eroding,calcining,grinding,can be used to remove fluo ride and fluoroborate.The removal of fluoride and fluoroborate by activated granular limestone was analyzed by SEM,XPS and ICPQ.The improvement of removing efficiency is due to the change of crystal lattice,and in- crease in activated positions and specific surface.Test results show that granular limestone prepared by Al_2~(3+) salt solution increases fluoride removing efficiency from 21.1% to 27.5%.When the activated granular lime- stone was used to treat wastewater in which the concentration of BF_4~-,F~- is 800～1000mg/L,600～700 mg/L respectively,the concentration fo BF~-,F~- could be less than 10mg/L in 4～5h.
The analysis of the treatment of slaughter sewage with sludge slime co exist system showed the removal rate of COD Cr , BOD 5 and SS were more than 95%,97% and 95% respectively when the air/wastewater ratio is 12∶1, HRT, 4 h and influent COD Cr concentration, 800～2 200 mg/L (loading rate 8～9kgCOD/m 3·d), and the sludge slime co exist system can remarkably hasten the transfer of mass in both macroscopic and microscopic, senses by increasing aeration and accelerating mass contact and restricting water radius of multiphase fluid in the process, and the effective transfer of mass keeps the system in a better state and the removal of pollutant at a higher efficiency.
Microorganism community can degrade refractory compounds in the way of making good use of substrate, co-metabolism, transforming intermediary degradative products. However, the activity of the microorganism community must be enhanced for high rate of degrading. The normal optimal factors considered are successful acclimation, suitable primary substrate, adequate nutrients, efficient microorganism consortia. the anaerobic, sequencing anaerobic-aerobic and oxygen-limited methanogenic systems is three efficient ecosystems degradating the refractory compounds.
The framework, construction and operating process of a house components circulation and supply system established using the e-commerce theory and method to satisfy the housing industrialization needs are discussed in detail so that a basis has been provided for the construction of a house components circulation and supply system based on e-commerce.
Continuous flow test was conducted in an acidogenic sulfate reducing reactor supplied with sulfate laden wastewater to investigate the stabilization and control of alkalinity during sulfate reduction. When the highest sulfate removal rate was achieved at different experimental stages and was maintained at a stable level, the following issues were discussed: the constitution of total alkalinity and its calculation, the effect of volatile fatty acid (VFA) and pH value on the stability of alkalinity, and the conversion of different kinds of alkalinity. The experimental results showed that alkalinity increased during sulfate reduction, and different form of alkalinity could convert each other to a certain. The constitution of total alkalinity was closely related to pH value. Sulfate removal rate and the value of alkalinity could reach the highest level with pH of 6 0～6 2. Most of the alkalinity in acidogenic sulfate reducing reactor existed in the form of Ac - alkalinity but the cushion capability was controlled under the balance of H 2CO 3/HCO 3 -. 300～500 mg/L alkalinity in influent was necessary for the balance and adjustment of alkalinity in such a reactor.
Mechanical behavior of externally prestressed composite beams with corrugated steel webs is ana- lysed using an all the way through nonlinear analysis program with the nonlinear influence of material taken in- to account.Stress and strain of concrete,reinforcement,tendon are obtained for the whole process from load- ing to failure and the,bending capability of corrugated steel webs is calculated and evaluated.
The Vesic hole expansion theory and Duncan-Chang model were applied, and volumetric strain caused by the compaction stress was determined by the regression curve of void ratio and compaction stress to study the effect on near buildings and installations caused by driven pile and the change of soil compaction displacement. The comparison of paper method with Vesic method through tests makes the principle of soil compaction displacement more clear and paper's analysis results more accurate than the Vesic method, and proves that this method is reasonable in theory and feasible in practice.
Evaluation is essentially an intellectual activity of human, and therefore, it is generally nonlinear. The significant effect of some indicators used for evaluation is an indication of this nonlinearity. For linear e- valuation methods such as weighted average method cannot reflect this kind of significant influence, a more general evaluation model has been established to reflect the significant effect of some dominant indicators and make weighted average method a particular case of it. This model proposed has been applied for evaluating wa- ter quality. In comparison with the weighted average model, this method is more satisfactory and furthermore proves the advantages of the model.
It is significant to study control parameters in wastewater treatment. The conditions for removal of COD and NH_3 - N can be known indirectly using the control parameters. A sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was operated to dispose soybean wastewater. In order to achieve reliable control parameters, the change of oxi- dation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH in treatment process was researched. As a result, two distinct in- flection points were observed in the change curve of ORP throughout each SBR processing cycle. The first in- flection point was ORP concave value, it expresses that a majority of COD has been removed. The second in- flection point was ORP flat roof; it shows the end of treatment process. There are two regions in the change curve of pH. The first region was at the beginning of treatment, the change of pH was acute in this region. The second region was at the end of treatment, the change of pH was calm in this region. These inflection points ware not influenced by different inflow organic loadings and MLSS concentration. So, on-line fuzzy con- trol of organic pollutant removal can be achieved by applying ORP and pH.
