As a"bridge energy"to assist China's energy system's transition,natural gas serves as a"fundamental,flexible,and integrated"component of the country's energy system.In addition to being a key component in the low-carbon transformation of fossil fuels,hydrogen energy is also a key means of addressing the issues of new energy consumption and peak shaving.Natural gas and hydrogen energy have similar chain characteristics,as well as similar storage and transportation properties.They also share some application domains.So,they have favorable growth conditions to create a"natural gas + hydrogen energy"comprehensive industry chain.The primary roles that hydrogen energy and natural gas play in the new energy system provide the foundation for this article's exploration and evaluation of the necessity and feasibility of the"natural gas + hydrogen energy"coupling to create an entire industry chain.The analysis in this article focuses on the direction of development of the entire industry chain in terms of upstream preparation,midstream storage and transportation,and downstream utilization.Finally,specific operational recommendations are presented from the viewpoints of policy support,demonstration application,and technical research.
In recent years,improper plastics management has produced major environmental issues.As the world comes to an agreement on plastic pollution prevention,significant worldwide petrochemical and chemical businesses have devoted themselves to the plastic recycling industry.Studying and learning from their plastic recycling development strategies is of great significance to the sustainable development of the plastics business of Chinese chemical companies.This paper examines BASF,ExxonMobil,SABIC,and SK's plastic recycling development plans and pathways,and makes four recommendations:strengthening the responsibility mechanism and actively participating in the development of a plastic circular economy;improving goal orientation and defining clear recycling targets;advancing technological research with emphasis on the driving role of recycling technology;and increasing open cooperation and building a whole life industrial recycling chain of plastics.
A finance company functions as a type of"internal bank"that is commonly used by state-owned central enterprises to manage finance.An efficient financial platform of an enterprise's industrial chain,it helps to increase capital efficiency,lower financing costs,expand business,and guarantee capital security through a variety of activities such as fund settlement,fund collection,credit,and bill discounting.It does,however,have certain shortcomings.This paper seeks to clarify the finance companies'existing problems while outlining their current state of development.The problems include contradictions between the emphasis on business stability and significant financial risks,the original efficiency model and more stringent regulations,and the effectiveness of financial services and insufficient information support.This paper also examines the business development direction of the finance companies and makes suggestions based on the typical practices of the finance companies of CNPC and China Power International Development Limited.The suggestions include:strengthening the risk supervision system to guarantee that companies are run legally;closely adhering to national policy guidelines,emphasizing primary responsibilities and businesses while developing creatively;quickening the pace of digital transformation and upgrading,and raising the standard of technology in financial services.
A new,large-scale,long-term energy storage technology that has emerged quickly in China in recent years is compressed gas energy storage.Two popular working media for compressed gas energy storage are CO2 and air.After analyzing the basic technological pathways of compressed gas energy storage,this papers concentrates on adiabatic compressed gas energy storage,evaluates its system structure and performance,and focuses on the influencing elements of cycle efficiency.It also chooses an object that is representative of different systems and examines their investment costs and LCOE.Lastly,it talks about the growth trend of compressed gas energy storage and concludes that the development paths of compressed air(CO2)energy storage and liquid air(CO2)energy storage are distinct.According to the paper,the technology of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage has reached a mature state,with the efficiency of 100 MW or more having gradually surpassed that of pumped storage.And its unit investment cost and whole-life LCOE have started to surpass that of pumped storage of the same scale.The paper therefore suggests bolstering policy support and upgrading industrial supporting infrastructure,in order to quickly establish industrial advantages.On the other hand,the paper notes that although having significant development potential,compressed CO2 and liquid air(CO2)energy storage technologies are currently in their infancy due to high investment and LCOE costs.So,in order to promote the creation of demonstration projects,the paper recommends improving industry,academic,and research integration,putting policies in place that support grid connection and power pricing,and taking immediate action to improve technology maturity.
一、油气与新能源发展 ·炼化产业发展研究与技术进展 ·油气田地面发展研究与技术进展 ·油气储运发展研究与技术进展 ·氢能产业发展研究与技术进展 ·光伏产业发展研究与技术进展 ·风力发电产业发展研究与技术进展
Aiming at the economical consumption of large-scale new energy,this paper proposes a hierarchical optimal scheduling model of wind-photovoltaic-thermal-energy storage system considering deep peak shaving of thermal power.The model contains a three-layer hierarchical scheduling scheme.Its upper layer takes the minimum fluctuation of net load as the optimization goal to calculate the peak shaving periods.The middle layer takes the minimum peak shaving cost of the wind-photovoltaic-thermal-energy storage system,considering the total peak shaving cost of thermal power units,energy storage operation cost and the penalty cost for new energy power curtailment,as the optimization objective,and so as to determine the total output of thermal power units,the charge and discharge power of energy storage system and new energy power curtailment rate.The lower layer optimizes the output of each thermal power unit with the goal of the lowest operating cost of thermal power units.Through the simulation calculation on a typical day,different optimal scheduling models are compared and analyzed.The results show that the established model can improve the peak shaving capacity of thermal power units,reduce the total operating cost of the system,and promote the economic consumption of new energy,by utilizing the peak shaving and valley filling ability of energy storage system and optimizing the power abandonment rate of new energy,which verifies the effectiveness of the model.
China has become the world's largest importer of natural gas,and the safety of natural gas imports has become a crucial factor in ensuring the security of China's energy supply,so the safety of import channels is very important.This research selects 12 indicators from three perspectives of import source country security,channel transportation security and import country security,constructs a safety evaluation index system for China's natural gas import channels,and establishes a safety evaluation model using principal component analysis and K-Means clustering analysis to analyze the safety status of China's natural gas import channels.And the following research results are obtained.First,the safety of China's natural gas import channels is influenced more by 9 indexes,including number of LNG terminals,receiving capacity of LNG terminals,annual transportation of pipeline gas,annual LNG transportation,import concentration ratio,number of straits,channel length,natural gas external dependence and stability of import source countries.Second,the security of China's natural gas import channels experienced four states during 2006-2021:relatively safe state(2006-2008),unsafe state(2009-2012),relatively safe state(2013-2016)and safe state(2017-2021).To ensure the safety of China's natural gas import channels,it is necessary to take the following measures:accelerate infrastructure construction and enhance the LNG receiving capacity;increase the construction of comprehensive natural gas transportation capacity and enhance the carrying capacity of import channels;deepen pragmatic diplomacy to optimize the sources of natural gas imports;strengthen military strength and strengthen control efforts;increase investment in technological research and development,and enhance exploration and development efforts.
High pressure,large pipe diameters,and an explosive and combustible transmission medium are the features of long-distance gas pipelines.Leakage has the potential to cause catastrophic losses and casualties.This paper explores relevant research on gas pipeline leakage and diffusion and talks about the advancements in domestic and international research on these topics from the perspectives of theoretical model research,experimental research,and numerical simulation.With the goal of offering a helpful reference for the study on leakage and diffusion of long-distance gas pipelines,the paper concentrates on the research methodologies and findings of leakage and diffusion of surface pipelines and buried pipelines,as well as the issues that are currently facing the research process.Many ground pipeline studies currently focus on the influence of pipeline parameters on leakage,with insufficient attention paid to other factors that may also affect leakage.The majority of research on underground pipeline leakage patterns simply simplifies soil characteristics and concentrates on leakage and diffusion inside a particular soil or in the atmosphere.
One of the greatest challenges that humanity is currently dealing with is the destruction of the environment brought on by greenhouse gas emissions.China's carbon emission accounting is still in its infancy and needs ongoing improvement.This paper takes a refining enterprise as a source of statistical data,and carries out standard scientific carbon emission accounting by mapping the CO2 emissions of general-purpose devices in the refining industry,so as to formulate effective measures to reduce emissions.The findings indicate that there are significant uncertainties in the values of coal-fired flue gas emissions from the thermal power operation sector,the N2O tail gas decomposition rate of the adipic acid unit,and the flare gas flow and composition during the accounting process.As a result,there are significant differences between the accounting values and the theoretical values.The investigation came to the conclusion that practical methods to increase the accuracy of accounting data may be found by comparing with actual production,which will help direct the adoption of appropriate improvement measures in the future.And through accounting work,we can understand the carbon emission position of the refineries,effectively support viable strategies to optimize low-carbon emission reduction,and lay the foundation for promoting their long-term green development.
Membrane separation technique has evolved into one of the most competitive CO2 capture technologies in recent decades.This paper explains the principles of membrane separation,introduces the broad classification of membrane materials used in CO2 capture,and discusses the typical inorganic membrane materials such as zeolite membranes and silica membranes,the organic membrane materials such as polyimide membranes and cellulose acetate membranes,and the hybrid membrane materials such as metal organic framework membranes.It argues that the selection of membrane materials and the modification of membrane structure are still important variables in increasing membrane performance,and it proposes a development path for carbon dioxide separation membranes.According to the paper,it is vital to overcome hybrid membrane preparation issues and increase hybrid membrane applicability under complex industrial environments.
In order to properly carry out different emission reduction initiatives,carbon emission accounting is essential for businesses to understand the quantity and intensity of their carbon emissions.Gas boilers and gas turbines are the primary energy users and emission sources in the extraction and development of heavy oil in oil fields.Natural gas accounts for nearly 80%of their energy usage.For businesses to develop and put into action carbon reduction plans,a precise and quantitative assessment of their carbon emissions is essential.Since there is a lot of uncertainty in the results of the traditional emission factor accounting method,gas turbines with stable operations and stable emission sources were chosen to implement continuous online monitoring of flue gas.Carbon emission accounting and analysis were conducted using both the emission factor method and the actual measurement method.The results demonstrate that the emission factor approach using the actual measured calorific value yields a result approximately 11%lower than the default value.And the real measurement method and the emission factor method based on the actual calorific value measurement differ by an average of around 15%.The real measuring method yields a far lower result than the emission factor computation.This research offers a specific point of reference for the enhancement of the system for accounting for carbon emissions and the choice of accounting techniques in structured emission scenarios.
A potent strategy for achieving"carbon peak"and"carbon neutrality"in Jiangsu Province is to accelerate the development of renewable energy sources like photovoltaic power generation.This study examines Jiangsu Province's resource endowment,development stage,and current issues related to photovoltaic power generation.After adopting a thorough approach to the study of energy,electricity,and related developments,it establishes a multi-regional and multi-dimensional model for estimating the development of photovoltaic power generation in Jiangsu Province.This model is based on an analysis of the resource endowment,development level,and current issues related to solar power generation in the province.This paper also combines several techniques,such as target backtracking and trend extrapolation,to perform scenario analysis on the province's"14th Five-Year Plan"and medium-and long-term photovoltaic power generation development.Additionally,the level of development of photovoltaic power generation in Jiangsu Province is ascertained through scientific computations.Finally,a strategy and associated policy recommendations are made in order to help Jiangsu Province achieve a high solar power generation percentage.
In order to ensure the safety of large-scale CO2 pipeline release process and prevent the surface biological casualties caused by CO2 diffusion,from the perspective of planned and accidental release,PHAST software was used to conduct numerical simulation of the diffusion situation of large-scale CO2 pipeline release.The impact range of CO2 leakage was simulated using the safe concentrations listed in both domestic and international safety standards.Research and analysis were used to determine the effects of various medium phase states,valve openings,weather,and release angles on the diffusion range.It is determined by summarizing the simulation findings that the dangerous concentration range on the ground does not need to be taken into account for planned discharges using vertical risers.And the medium's phase state,the weather,and the discharge angle all affect the lethal concentration range of an unintentional full-scale release.
In the oil and gas sector,the"dual carbon"goal raises the bar for carbon asset management.This paper compares and examines the carbon emission accounting techniques and metrics used by the domestic and international oil and gas industries.Based on the current carbon asset accounting status of China's oil and gas companies,it also examines the accounting practices and issues with carbon sink projects in relation to the present and potential reserves of voluntary emission reductions,green certificates,the green power industry,and CCUS projects in the oil and gas sector.According to this paper,the two primary elements of carbon asset accounting are emissions and verified emission reductions of a specific company.The greenhouse gas emission reports that domestic oil and gas companies submit are often ill-prepared,with some links having unclear targets and the emissions not having been closely checked.These accounting-related problems need to be improved.To support the"double carbon"process of the oil and gas industry,this paper suggests stepping up research on carbon asset accounting for oil and gas companies from areas like policy formation,accounting technique optimization,and the development of emission reduction programs.
城市燃气企业正面临"双碳"目标驱动、油气体制改革、产业监管趋严与数字科技升级的全新形势,通过数字化转型实现自身的全面降本、提质、增效,已成为应对外部环境变化的必要手段.为进一步探析城市燃气企业数字化转型的内在逻辑与实践方略,以业务及运营视角切入,分析了城市燃气企业数字化转型的现状,剖析了数字化转型的关键问题.研究结果表明,城市燃气企业的数字化转型不是简单的系统叠加与平台构建,而是涉及思维认知、业务管控、组织架构等多个维度的全面变革.建议城市燃气企业在统筹谋划顶层设计的前提下,优先夯实思想、业务、价值、安全与组织维度的转型基础,前瞻推动管网、运行、客服等既有业务单元以多形态网格形式运作,最终全面实现数字化转型.
天然气是低碳清洁能源,大力发展天然气跨国贸易对解决中国能源不足、改善能源结构、实现"碳中和"目标有着重要意义.东盟(东南亚国家联盟)天然气资源丰富,在中国天然气进口贸易中扮演着重要角色.从区域天然气贸易演化视角出发,构建了中国与东盟的区域型天然气贸易网络,通过网络密度、节点强度、中心度、异质性等指标对中国与东盟各成员国在该贸易网络中地位变化情况进行了研究.研究结果表明,中国与东盟国家天然气贸易联系愈发紧密,相互之间的贸易量快速上升.建议中国继续加强与东盟国家天然气贸易合作,完善区域间基础设施布局,大力建设贸易网络内的天然气管道,提升中国在该区域贸易网络中的影响力.
在"双碳"政策的引导驱动下,交通领域作为全球第二大碳排放源,正在经历"减污降碳"的绿色变革,其中重卡行业碳排放占比高达 40%,是交通领域减碳的重中之重.在减碳压力和政策支持下,新能源重卡快速进入市场,挤压了传统化石能源的市场份额,LNG重卡的未来发展空间受到挑战.为了分析LNG重卡在交通领域终端市场的消费竞争力,判断天然气在交通领域市场的未来发展空间,通过考量碳排放产生的隐性碳成本,构建了经济性测算模型及竞争力评价指标体系,对柴油、LNG、纯电动及氢燃料电池 4 种不同燃料类型重卡进行了竞争力分析,研究得出LNG重卡竞争优势明显.随着重卡行业的增长,未来天然气在交通领域的市场空间也将进一步扩大.
在"双碳"背景下,中国正积极推动能源清洁低碳高效利用,加快规划建设新型能源体系.天然气凭借其低碳、灵活、易储的特性,在新型能源系统中发挥不可替代的调节作用,是风光氢等新能源发展的"最佳伙伴".从政策、技术、经济等维度论证了天然气与风光发电融合的可行性,提出了基地侧气电与风光电力打捆外送模式和终端侧气电与风光电力就近利用模式,研判了天然气与风光融合发展前景及空间;从上游制备、中游储运及终端利用全产业链角度分析了天然气与氢能融合模式及发展前景,从政策支持、示范应用及技术攻关角度提出了具体措施.
碳中和背景下,可再生能源产业正逐渐成为全球能源发展的重要领域.哈萨克斯坦自然资源丰富,可再生能源产业发展潜力巨大.在对哈萨克斯坦可再生能源市场详细分析的基础上,对中国企业投资哈萨克斯坦可再生能源的机遇与挑战进行了分析,并提出投资建议.分析发现,哈萨克斯坦可再生能源市场存在电力系统老旧、可再生能源开发技术落后、货币汇率不稳定等问题.对于中国企业来说,进入哈萨克斯坦可再生能源市场虽然有着良好机遇,但也面临投资风险、文化差异等挑战.建议中国企业:投资新项目稳慎决策,强化可再生能源业务投资前期准备;与既有项目合作共赢,开展油气与可再生能源业务融合发展;借国家战略东风拓展领域,加深与当地能源企业合作.
基于自然的解决方案(NbS)作为全球加速气候行动的九大领域之一,近年来被国际主要油气公司和油气行业气候倡议组织(OGCI)广泛提及并进行了针对性研究和前期示范工作.中国油气行业需要利用好NbS解决目前所面对的气候变化、生物多样性丧失等一系列社会和自然挑战.在论述国际油气公司发展NbS的实施策略、主要挑战和解决方案的基础上,分析了中国油气行业发展NbS的异同,提出了中国油气行业发展NbS的战略布局和重要策略.对中国油气行业在拓展碳汇资源、生物多样性保护主流化、推广基于NbS的生态修复技术、加快发展非粮生物质能源、建立NbS成本效益评估和考核机制、拓展NbS项目经济社会价值等方面提出了具体建议.
