The Study of Wind Energy Conversion Systems is a complex area in which many different components like Wind Turbines, Generators, Power Electronic Converters, Controllers for Maximum Power Point Tracking, Load and Filters etc has to be implemented. The cost of implementing all these systems and to install it and monitor the power generation capacity is a tedious and cost intensive task. Moreover the wind itself is prone to changes based on location, season, altitude etc. The researchers are forced to adopt various mechanisms to incorporate all these variations so that they can find the most optimized solution for final implementation of Wind Energy Conversion System, considering all these factors. This paper discusses about the various tools and techniques adopted by the electrical engineering researchers in the field of wind energy power generation.
Aluminium metal matrix composite (Al MMC) is most promising sector due to its extra ordinary properties of great strength to weight ratio, low specific gravity, improved corrosion resistance, optimum wear resistance and low thermal expansion. Aluminium matrix composite is mainly used in automobile and aviation and now a day's used in construction site for making aluminium frames. Al MMC has two phases, one phase is parent aluminium phase makes impregnate structure network called matrix and second phase is reinforcement implanted in Aluminium matrix to meet the product requirement. Reinforcement usually is hard and stiff ceramic materials (Al2O3, SiC, B4C) and heavy metals (W, Mo, Ti, Pb) which distributed the load of Al matrix and enhanced the mechanical and tribological properties of metal matrix composite materials. Characteristics of Aluminium metal composite can be tailored based on nature and weight proportion of reinforcement.
The recognition and discovery of handwriting has become an important subject in modern times. Human handwriting can be easily hidden in a variety of ways including free handwriting, image tracking and transfer, making real manuscript recognition still a challenging task but recognition of English words lacks simplicity and accuracy. Although it's diagnostic method is well reported, good deception can outperform existing tools. Existing recognition systems have led to many research activities in automated detection and recognition tasks using computer techniques, feature extraction, class comparisons, performance testing and pattern recognition. To simplify, simplify English writing, simplicity and efficiency, we are developing a handwriting acquisition and recognition system based on CNN's in-depth learning model.
Both Farey sequence and continued fractions are recently developing fields of number theory. Their inter relationships are studied in this paper. Farey sequence is analyzed through continued fractions as Farey sequence consist of fractals from 0 to 1. It is considered as sum of rational numbers. An attempt has been made to write the mediant inserted in Farey sequence of order as a matrix whose diagonal elements are unity. For the matrix representation only the new inserted elements have been considered.
Let G be a simple (p, q) graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). BG(3)(G) is a graph with vertex set V(G) boolean OR E(G) and two vertices are adjacent if and only if they correspond to a vertex and an edge incident to it in G or two non-adjacent edges of G. In this paper, we study the concept of neighborhood connected domination and eccentric domination in Boolean graph BG(3)(G)
Let G be a simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). The Total Graph T(G, L(G), NIC) of G is a graph with vertex set V(G) boolean OR E(G) where two points are adjacent if and only if they are adjacent points of G or they are adjacent lines of G or one is a point of G and another is a line of G incident with it. For simplicity, this graph is denote by T(G). In this paper, we have studied some bounds for domination number of Total graph of a graph. Also, we have found the exact value the domination number of T(G) for some graphs G.
In this paper, multiplicity of Diophantine triples regarding (2j, 3) -polygonal numbers consequent from polygonal numbers baptized as decagonal, dodecagonal, tetra decagonal and octa decagonal numbers in which the product of two quantities added with distinct polynomials results a square are displayed.
In this article, minimal and maximal mu(I) -open sets in generalized intuitionistic topological spaces were introduced. Also, some of their basic properties are investigated. In addition, the new structure of minimal and maximal mu(I) -open sets were classified by type-I, type-II and type- III. Regarding these sets, some minimal and maximal mu(I)- -continuous functions in generalized intuitionistic topological spaces were introduced and studied in detail.
Because of their low density and great toughness, aluminium-based alloys have become increasingly popular in modern industry. One of the most common cutting tool failure modes when machining aluminium is when the material being machined clings to the tool cutting edge. As a result, the surface quality of the product suffers. The manufacturing industry's goal with the arrival of the fourth industrial revolution is to manufacture a big number of products in a short amount of time. This study uses MTab FlexTurn Computer Numerical Control (CNC) equipment to optimize machining constraints in the Aluminum Alloy 7075 turning. The effects of speed (500, 1000 and 1500 rpm), feed (0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mm/rev), and cutting depth (0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 mm) on the turning of Aluminum 7075 alloy in a CNC machine are investigated in this experiment. This paper studies the effect of Machining parameters combinations for the material removal rate (MRR) and machining time (MT) for turning procedure on Aluminium Al 7075 alloy. In this study, the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array methodology is coupled with response surface design (RSM) to generate the correlation between the input and the responses and give the optimum cutting conditions.
Intention of this research work is to introduce the notion of Chu and Diaz contraction mapping and to establish a new Iterated Function System known as "Chu and Diaz-IFS " in the complete b-Metric Spaces. Further, the results introduced in this article are an extension of Hutchinson-Barnsley theory in the new setting. As an application, Collage theorem established in the new framework.
The condition of the heart is determined by the electrocardiogram. Unwanted signals are called noise that is presented around hospitals. This distorts the ECG signal during the patient's measurement. Error free diagnosis of electrocardiogram requires filtering of the unwanted signal. Wavelet transform based filter is used for removal of such noise from ECG. Comparison of different types of wavelet has been made for the selection of optimal wavelet. Improved SNR is obtained by Meyer and Symlet wavelet. Selection of appropriate thresholds helps in improvement of result. Comparative analysis of different thresholds is also presented in the paper. The record from the arrhythmia database of the MIT -BIH is used for the testing of the algorithm.
Because of the widespread use of spray-painting in the automotive industry, the automated spray-painting method has recently sparked attention in industry and research. The benefits of automating the spray-painting process include enhanced quality, efficiency, less labour, a cleaner environment, and, most importantly, affordability. The statistical tool Taguchi's DOE method is used in this study to evaluate the performance characteristics of an industrial robot Fanuc 250ib for an automated painting operation. The Taguchi method with L25 orthogonal array is utilized for the creation of the experiment, which takes includes 3 input parameters and 5 different levels for each input parameters. The goal of this research is to explore and optimise the primary controlling factors for enhanced paint coating quality as evaluated by Dry Film Thickness, leads to lower refusal. This is achieved using response surface methodology (RSM) metamodeling to optimized the spray-painting parameters used by Fanuc Paint Robot P-250iB/15. This research work helps to develop the mathematical correlations of input and response parameters to achieve the optimized paint work through Robot.
The impact of machining factors such as spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rate on the surface quality achieved in CNC end milling is explored. In this study, the Taguchi, and response surface method (RSM), techniques were combined to predict optimal machining settings for AL6061 Aluminium alloy with the lowest surface roughness and high material removal rate (MRR) values. The effectiveness of computer numerical control processing parameters which include spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on arithmetic average roughness (Ra) and MRR was investigated using a design of experiment. A stylus was used to measure the average surface roughness values of the samples. Using Taguchi L27 orthogonal array Design of experiment was generated then a second-order response surface regression mathematical model was generated and finally optimized using box-bohen design response optimizer using desirability function. In three steps, the best machining conditions for reducing Ra and MRR were determined. The proposed strategy provides an efficient way for minimising surface roughness and maximising material removal rate, according to experimental data for AL6061 Aluminium alloy.
Because of the exceptional thermal characteristics, phase change materials (PCMs) are served in a variety of solar collector designs to increase the amount of useable heat obtained by collectors while minimising waste heat. Furthermore, the addition of nanoparticles to PCMs to form nanocomposite (NC) PCMs with enhanced thermal characteristics has opened the door to new possibilities for the use of nanoparticle dispersed phase change materials (NPCMs) in solar collectors. This review of the literature focuses on the effect of incorporating various types of nanoparticles into PCMs on the heat transfer behaviour and thermal conductivity (TC) of materials. Based on the findings of the previous investigations, it can be concluded that, despite the fact that silver nanoparticles are vulnerable to oxide formation, silver nanoparticles are an efficient alternative for raising the TC of PCM. Moreover, metal oxide nanoparticles outperforms than other metal-based nanoparticles in terms of raising the thermal conductivity of PCMs when compared from without any additions.
The multilayer inverter can be distinguished as two-level inverter (MLI). In MLIs, we usually don?t have two-level voltages but, have multi voltage levels combined to provide a smoother stepped output waveform. The smoothness of the waveform is related to the voltage levels as the voltage level rises, the waveform becomes smoother, but the complexity grows. To give information on the power conversion process and accompanying circuit architectures, the device topologies section starts with standard II-level inverter topologies. There are various types of MLIs which are in the verge of emerging in parallel with technologies that are becoming helpful in making the topology useful in designing the circuitry. To demonstrate the multilayer concept, upgraded and inherited classic ML topologies such as flying capacitor and classical H-bridge topologies are provided. The topologies obtained from neutral point clamped topologies are also thoroughly studied. Incoming topologies are studied in a variety of etc.
Multilevel inverters, which require far minimum dc sources and switches to produce minimal switching, high power and lower harmonic distortion for moderate operating voltage, have been the focus of academics and enterprise. Even so, there are certain drawbacks to multilevel inverters, such as the employment of numerous electronic components, EMI, bulkiness, driver circuit complexity, long reverse recovery periods and voltage balance concerns. This article introduces a unique asymmetrical multi-level inverter (MLI) that uses lesser drivers and switches than standard implementations. The recommended MLI has a simple architecture and is straightforward to extend for a variety of output levels. The suggested MLI system uses four dc sources and twelve switches to produce a 31-level output including an accurate and high-quality near sinusoidal waveform, resulting in a large decrease in driver circuit complexity, volume and price. The proposed architecture includes reduced ON state semiconductor switching devices, which is a novel feature. The MLI's output is evaluated using the total harmonic distortion (THD) factor. To reduce THD, sine pulse width modulation approach has been implemented. The comparative analyses along with MATLAB/Simulink results are presented.
In this paper, Nordhaus-Gaddum type relations on open support independence number of some derived graphs of path related graphs under addition and multiplication are studied.
Wind and solar photovoltaic are two of the most common renewable energy sources used to supply electricity. It is frequently possible to get a better overall supply pattern by combining two or more sources since the supply patterns of various renewable energy sources alternate but with distinct patterns of intermittency. Combining a renewable hybrid system with batteries as a storage system is used to extend the duration of power supply, make the best use of available renewable energy resources, and achieve greater dependability than individual usage. To improve the overall system, the components and subsystems of a standalone power supply system based on renewable sources are linked. The effective characteristics of the various systems, as well as the load demand, influence hybrid system modelling and simulation as well as the hybrid system's generated and stored electricity As a result, in order to understand the behavior of each other, it is required to address the modelling and simulation of wind and solar systems separately.
Presently, natural fibres are often used as reinforcement in polymer composites so as to improve the strength of polymer composites. Natural fibre besides being eco-friendly and abundantly available also reduces the consumption of expensive polymer resin. Excellent tensile strength and young's modulus makes it a worthy reinforcement to polymer composites. Thus, present review deals with the mechanical properties of ramie reinforced polymer composites. Impact strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of ramie composites are discussed. This study also provides an insight to the factors influencing mechanical properties of composites like treatments, fibre loading, polymer matrix and type of reinforcements. It also elucidates the future prospects on ramie fibre reinforced polymer composites.
During the course of present investigation efforts have been made to analyze the role of fuzziness in the context metric-spaces. A nonempty set jointly with a distance function (d) is known as metric-spaces. A fuzzy set can be defined by objects with a scale of membership class. Intention of the manuscript is to look at the advancement of fuzzification in several "metric spaces " and "fixed-point theorems ". Further we discuss diverse generalizations of FMS (fuzzy -metric space) such as IFMS (Intuitionistic-fuzzy metric-space), PMS (Probabilistic metric-space), M-FMS (M-fuzzy metric space), fixed-points theorems in several spaces etc. in concise.
