Objective: To analyze the historical congress experiences of Prof. Dr. Feridun Nafiz Uzluk as a medical student in 1923 and derive lessons for contemporary medical education. Methods: Descriptive qualitative analysis of Uzluk’s three articles about the Fifth Congress of the Society of Psychiatry and Neurology (Tababet-i Akliye ve Asabiye Cemiyeti) in 1923 published in “Babalık” newspaper. The articles were systematically analyzed using inductive categorization to examine his observations, scientific content approach, and public communication strategies. Results: Uzluk’s writings demonstrated active engagement beyond passive observation, functioning as a science communicator and public educator. His articles revealed emphasis on psychiatry’s humanistic dimensions, patient advocacy, mental hygiene concepts, and educational reform needs. He critically examined the tension between theoretical and practical medical training while advocating for individualized education approaches. Conclusion: This historical analysis reveals the transformative potential of early student engagement with scientific communities. Uzluk’s 1923 congress participation, and his founding in 1946 of the Institute of History of Medicine (Tıp Tarihi Enstitüsü) at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, the forerunner of today’s Department of History of Medicine and Ethics, demonstrate the long-term impacts of such experiences, supporting current medical schools’ student research programs and congress participation initiatives.
Objective: The main objective of our study is to evaluate the canal transportation following widely used rotary files, including EndoArt Touch Gold (ETG), Perfect MTF Plus Gold (PPG), Fanta V-Taper Gold (FVG), and ProTaper Next (PTN). Methods: Sixty acrylic resin blocks with 45° angled, L-shaped canals were included. The canals were shaped with one of four rotary systems. Pre and post-instrumentation stereomicroscope images were superimposed. The difference between the inner and outer surfaces was recorded as the degree of transportation. Results: In the apical region, ETG resulted in significantly more transportation, while in the middle region, FVG represented significantly more transportation compared to other groups. In the coronal third, all groups were similar. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that evaluations conducted in the apical, middle, and coronal regions revealed that PTN and PPG rotary file systems caused less transportation. No statistically significant differences were observed among the other groups.
Objective: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) often presents with pain, fatigue, and restricted mobility, disrupting daily functioning in pediatric patients. Sleep disturbances are recognized as significant contributors to both well-being and disease progression. However, the relationships among sleep patterns, circadian preferences, and physical activity in children with JIA remain insufficiently characterized. This study seeks to clarify these associations by comparing children with JIA to healthy controls.Methods: Eighty-five participants aged 8 to 17 years were included, comprising 39 children diagnosed with JIA and 46 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Sleep patterns were assessed using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and chronotype was assessed using the Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire. The PAQ-C and PAQ-A instruments measured Physical activity levels. Group differences were analyzed, and regression models were applied to identify factors associated with sleep disturbances.Results: Children with JIA had poorer sleep quality, particularly requiring more time to initiate sleep. Chronotype distribution and physical activity levels did not differ significantly between groups. Notably, use of electronic devices for at least 30 minutes before bedtime was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality, whereas a diagnosis of JIA was not an independent predictor after adjustment.Conclusion: Sleep disturbances in children with JIA are influenced more by modifiable lifestyle factors than by the disease itself. Interventions targeting behaviors such as screen time before bedtime may improve sleep quality and should be incorporated into clinical management strategies.
Objective: Various adjunctive approaches are used to manage postoperative complications following oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, including surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Wound healing and postoperative patient comfort may vary according to the adjunctive methods used during perioperative care. This retrospective study evaluated the association of topical ozone therapy with postoperative pain, facial swelling, trismus, and clinical soft-tissue healing after SARME. Methods: The retrospective analysis included the follow-up records of 20 patients (16 female and 4 male) aged 16–24 years who underwent SARME. Ten patients had received postoperative ozone therapy and were classified as the ozone group, whereas the remaining 10 patients were classified as the control group. Swelling was assessed by measuring the distances between specific extraoral reference points, and trismus was evaluated by measuring mouth opening in millimeters. Pain was recorded using the Visual Analog Scale, while wound healing was assessed using the Landry, Turnbull, and Howley scale. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric and exact permutation-based methods, with Holm-Bonferroni adjustment applied where appropriate. Results: On postoperative day 2, no significant between-group differences were observed in pain scores, facial swelling changes, mouth-opening recovery, or clinical wound-healing scores. On postoperative days 4 and 7, topical ozone exposure was associated with lower VAS pain scores, smaller increases in facial swelling, more favorable mouth-opening recovery, and higher clinical wound-healing scores. Conclusion: In this small retrospective cohort, topical ozone exposure was associated with lower postoperative pain scores, smaller increases in facial swelling, more favorable mouth-opening recovery, and higher clinical wound-healing scores on postoperative days 4 and 7. These associations require confirmation in adequately powered prospective randomized studies.
Objective: This study aimed to examine and compare treatment adherence, self-stigma and perceived social stigma of seeking psychological help, perceived social support, and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among fasting and non-fasting psychiatric outpatients during Ramadan. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 180 patients aged 18–78 years with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) diagnoses of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, attending a university psychiatry clinic in March 2025, were included. Participants were grouped as fasting (n = 92) or non-fasting (n = 88) by self-report. Sociodemographic data and validated scales for self- and social stigma, perceived social support, medication adherence (MMAS-8), and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help were administered. Appropriate univariate tests, Pearson and partial correlations, and hierarchical multiple linear regression (2-tailed, p < 0.05) were used. Results: Fasting status was associated only with education level. Compared with non-fasting patients, fasting patients had significantly lower perceived social support (p = 0.001) and higher perceived social stigma (p = 0.017). Differences in help-seeking attitudes (p = 0.058) and treatment adherence (p = 0.059) were in the expected direction but did not reach statistical significance. Social stigma correlated negatively with adherence and positively with self-stigma, whereas social support correlated positively with help-seeking attitudes. In hierarchical regression, fasting status and higher perceived social support independently predicted more positive help-seeking attitudes (final model R² = 0.13). Conclusion: Fasting psychiatric patients during Ramadan reported lower perceived social support and higher social stigma; although they tended toward more positive help-seeking attitudes and lower adherence, these differences were not statistically significant. These findings underscore the need for stigma-focused, support-enhancing, culturally sensitive interventions.
Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteogenic tumor that may occasionally mimic malignant bone lesions on oncologic imaging. We report a diagnostically challenging case of a 59-year-old male with primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in whom staging 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated intense uptake in the proximal femur, initially raising suspicion for skeletal metastasis. The patient had mild intermittent thigh pain with nocturnal exacerbation and rapid relief after nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Further evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a small cortical-based lesion with surrounding sclerosis and bone marrow edema, while computed tomography revealed a central lucent nidus with reactive cortical sclerosis, findings consistent with osteoid osteoma. CT-guided biopsy confirmed the diagnosis histopathologically. The patient was managed conservatively with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and no systemic oncologic treatment was initiated for the femoral lesion. This case emphasizes that not all FDG-avid bone lesions in patients with known malignancy represent metastasis. Correlation of PET/CT findings with clinical features, MRI, CT, and histopathological confirmation when needed is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.
Anterior placement of the splenic vein is an extremely rare vascular anomaly, with only a few cases reported in the literature. This report describes a 34-year-old male with persistent mild hyperamylasemia in whom contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed situs inversus totalis and an unusual anterior course of the splenic vein. The vein originated from the splenic hilum and coursed anterior to the pancreas before joining the portal vein, without evidence of thrombosis, pancreatitis, or ductal obstruction. The patient remained clinically stable under conservative management. This case represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported association of an anteriorly placed splenic vein with situs inversus totalis. The coexistence of these findings supports a possible shared embryological mechanism involving abnormal pancreatic rotation and laterality disturbance. Recognition of this rare vascular configuration is important for accurate radiological interpretation and for preventing potential complications during surgical or interventional procedures.
Dear Editor, We read with interest the recent article by Badıl Güloğlu et al. [1] evaluating ultrasound-guided 5% dextrose prolotherapy and corticosteroid injection in mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Their study adds important clinical insight into two commonly used injection techniques and demonstrates symptomatic improvement supported by ultrasonographic evaluation, an approach consistent with prior imaging-based CTS work in the literature, including that of Bulut and Yıldırım [2], who highlighted the diagnostic usefulness of ultrasonography in mild–moderate CTS. While these contributions are valuable, the exclusive use of the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain assessment limits interpretation. VAS reflects overall pain intensity but does not distinguish between nociceptive pain and neuropathic sensory disturbances (burning, tingling, dysesthesia, or electric-shock–like sensations), which constitute a primary symptomatic component of CTS rather than nociceptive complaints and therefore may underestimate treatment-related changes in neuropathic symptom domains rather than treatment efficacy itself. This issue becomes even more relevant given the biological differences between the two treatments compared by Badıl Güloğlu et al. [1]. Dextrose prolotherapy is proposed to support perineural repair, whereas corticosteroids primarily reduce local inflammation and swelling. These mechanisms may influence neuropathic and nociceptive components differently. Without structured neuropathic assessment, potential differential effects of intervention on neuropathic symptoms may not be adequately captured. To our knowledge, this is one of the few letters emphasizing the limitation of VAS-only assessment in comparative CTS injection studies. From a clinical standpoint, evidence from our prospective work evaluating local corticosteroid therapy in CTS showed significant improvements in DN4 and LANSS scores,even when reductions in VAS were modest [3]. This finding suggests that neuropathic symptom responses may demonstrate a differential clinical pattern compared with global pain intensity. Incorporating validated neuropathic pain tools into future CTS injection trials would therefore enrich interpretation, clarify treatment-specific sensory effects, and support more individualized management strategies.We congratulate the authors for their valuable contribution and hope this methodological perspective encourages broader adoption of comprehensive sensory assessment in CTS research. Yours sincerely,
Objective: Thyroid nodules are frequently encountered in clinical practice, and risk stratification systems such as the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) have been developed to standardize management. This study aimed to evaluate whether the presence of an ACR TI-RADS score in ultrasound reports influences the concordance of biopsy requests with guideline recommendations. Methods: This retrospective study included 498 patients referred for thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy during the study period. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether an ACR TI-RADS score was present in the ultrasound report (Group A, n = 91) or not (Group B, n = 407). For reports without a score, TI-RADS categories were retrospectively assigned based on descriptive findings. Biopsy requests were classified as concordant or discordant according to the ACR TI-RADS size thresholds, with additional consideration of documented nodule growth or explicit radiologist recommendations. Concordance rates were compared between groups, across TI-RADS categories, and among referring departments. Results: Overall, 267 biopsy requests (53.6%) were concordant with guideline recommendations. Concordance was lower in Group A than in Group B (40.7% vs. 56.5%, p = 0.009). Concordance rates increased significantly across higher TI-RADS categories (p < 0.001). Among patients with reported TI-RADS scores, discordant requests were most frequently observed in TR3 and TR4 nodules. Significant differences were observed among referring departments (p = 0.002). Discordant requests were associated with smaller nodule size (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of a reported ACR TI-RADS score was associated with a higher rate of guideline-discordant biopsy requests and did not improve concordance with ACR TI-RADS size-based biopsy thresholds. These findings suggest that structured risk labeling alone may be insufficient to improve biopsy referral behavior. Further prospective studies incorporating clinical outcomes and explicit management recommendations are warranted.
Dear readers, We are pleased and honored to present the first issue of 2026 of European Journal of Therapeutics (EJT) to our readers. As the official scientific journal of Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, we continue to pursue our mission of supporting high-quality scientific research across all fields of medicine and health sciences with determination. As a result of systematic and dedicated efforts carried out throughout the past year, our journal has significantly increased its national and international visibility and academic impact. Indeed, the continuous increase in the number of submitted and published articles reflects the growing trust and recognition of our journal. EJT is indexed in the Web of Science – Emerging Sources Citation Index under the Medicine, General & Internal category and remains one of the limited number of medical faculty journals from Türkiye included in this index [1]. In addition, the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) of 0.4 for 2024 and its placement in the Q3 quartile in both JIF and Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) rankings reflect the growing scientific influence of our journal [2]. In this issue, we aim to shed light on contemporary scientific approaches through original research from various disciplines. Our commitment to ethical principles, impartial peer-review processes, and an academic quality-oriented approach continues to be among the core values of our journal. We sincerely thank all our authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial board members whose contributions have made this success possible. We believe that by maintaining international publishing standards, we will continue to contribute to scientific knowledge in the coming years. We hope that 2026 will be a year in which scientific collaborations are strengthened, productivity is enhanced, and academic sharing increases. We extend our sincere gratitude to our valued readers and all stakeholders who contribute to our journal. Sincerely,
Objective: The aim of this sudy is to evaluate the effects of topical ozone and in-socket platelet rich fibrin (PRF) applications on postoperative pain, edema, trismus and mucosal blood flow after third molar surgery retrospectively. Methods: The data of 120 people with an impacted third molar tooth in a position of Class II and devision B to Pell Gregory classification having surgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of Gaziantep University, Faculty of Dentistry throughout a two years period were collected. They were offered to have postoperative procedures. Topical ozone and in-socket PRF applications were determined as two alternatives. Besides these two options the ones who did not like to receive any of them were surgically treated in the same manner with the others. All data were recorded independent from their choice and finally divided into three groups-with a randomized distribution within each-due to the after surgery procedures. The groups were determined as the first group having topical ozone (n = 40) ( F= 31, M = 9, mean age = 21.83), the second group having in-socket fibrin (n = 40) (F = 29, M = 11, mean age = ), and the third one having no additive therapy as a control group (n = 40) (F = 28, M = 12 , mean age = +/-). All patients having the routine surgery protocols also were asked to answer a visual analog scale to score the postoperative pain. Evaluations included; the edema by lineer measurements on face, trismus by maximal mouth opening, mucosal blood flow by Laser Doppler Flowmeter, both preoperatively, and on days three and seven postoperatively. Also wound healing was evaluated by LTH score. Results: On both postoperative in-socket PRF and topical ozone groups the clinical values were statistically better than the control group (p<0.050). While the ozone applied group exhibited better results in terms of pain and trismus on early period of healing period, the in-socket PRF applied group exhibited significant advantage on wound healing, edema and blood flow (p<0.050). Conclusion: Topical ozone and in-socket PRF procedures are effective in supporting postoperative recovery of third molar surgery. Effects of combined application of these useful techniques may further find place in scientific researches as a new topic.
Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by the gradual decline of cognitive function and impaired cholinergic neurotransmission due to reduced brain acetylcholine levels. AChE and BChE regulate acetylcholine degradation and are important targets in AD. This research investigated the inhibitory effects of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on human cholinesterases, using enzyme kinetics and molecular docking. Methods: We assessed the inhibitory effects of purified human BChE and commercially sourced erythrocyte-derived AChE using a modified Ellman spectrophotometric assay in a 96-well microplate. Kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax, and Ki) were determined by nonlinear regression and the Michaelis-Menten model, with Lineweaver-Burk plots used to analyse inhibition patterns. IC50 values were calculated by nonlinear regression analysis. Molecular docking simulations were performed to predict the binding positions of the indole derivatives and the reference Alzheimer's drugs donepezil and tacrine analogue in the active sites of AChE and BChE. Results: According to docking simulations, both indole derivatives bind to the catalytic gorge of cholinesterases, but with lower predicted affinity than reference inhibitors. Enzyme inhibition assays showed that IBA exhibited weak inhibitory activity against both enzymes, with IC50 values of 15.61 mM for BChE and 54.28 mM for AChE. IPA exhibited stronger inhibition, particularly against BChE, with an IC50 of 2056 & micro;M. Kinetic analysis indicated that IPA displays mixed-type inhibition of BChE (Km = 170.1 & micro;M, Ki = 1774 & micro;M), while its inhibition of AChE is competitive (IC50 = 3773 & micro;M, Km = 268.5 & micro;M, Ki = 6727 & micro;M). Conclusion: These findings suggest that short-chain indole metabolites can interact with cholinesterases, but are not potent inhibitors. Compared to IBA, IPA showed higher activity and distinct inhibition profiles for BChE and AChE. The development of new indole-based cholinesterase inhibitors may prove to be potent modulators of cholinergic enzymes.
Objective: The increasing prevalence of amphetamine/methamphetamine (MA) use is a global problem. Methamphetamine Induced Psychosis (MIP) causes more serious problems, increased burden on health services and has a worse prognosis than methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). In our study, we aimed to measure and compare claudin-5 levels in patients diagnosed with MUD and MIP according to DSM-5 and a healthy control group. Methods: A total of 68 people, including 24 patients diagnosed with MUD, 20 patients diagnosed with MIP and 24 healthy controls, who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included in our study. Addiction Profile Index Short Form (API), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and sociodemographic data form were applied to the whole sample. Serum claudin-5 levels of the participants were measured by the ELISA method. Results: Claudin-5 level did not show a statistically significant difference between the MUD and the control group (p>0.050). Claudin-5 levels were statistically significantly different between the MUD and MIP group (p<0.050) and between the MIP and control group (p<0.001). In the correlation analysis, a moderate negative correlation was found between claudin-5 and recent daily use in the MUD group (r=-0.535, p<0.010). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first study in which the claudin-5 level was evaluated in patients diagnosed with MUD and MIP. Our results may contribute to the development of specific diagnostic markers for MIP, the investigation of treatment options, and the identification of biological markers predisposing to psychosis.
Objective: This study aims to determine the satisfaction of mothers with a short telerehabilitation program for premature infants and to determine the relationship between satisfaction and characteristics of infants and their mothers. Methods: Sixty-two mothers who had previously received telerehabilitation for motor development support were interviewed by telephone. Information was collected on maternal and infant characteristics, willingness to continue telerehabilitation, and whether participants preferred the intervention to be implemented by themselves or by a professional. Mothers scored their satisfaction with telerehabilitation on a 10-point analog scale. Results: The mean (sd) satisfaction score was 9.8 (0.7) out of 10. Satisfaction decreased with longer infant hospitalization and more children, but increased with maternal age. Overall, 61.3% preferred to continue telerehabilitation, and same percentage preferred to carry out intervention themselves. Conclusion: Telerehabilitation can be a satisfactory service delivery model for mothers of premature infants, and this satisfaction may be affected by the characteristics of mothers and infants. It is important that telerehabilitation services are customized to meet the specific needs of each family.
Objective: This study investigated the association between the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in women with natural and surgical menopause, and evaluated whether PNI can independently predict moderate-to-severe VMS. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 84 menopausal women (39 surgical, 45 natural). Demographic and clinical characteristics and VMS were recorded. PNI was calculated using serum albumin and lymphocyte counts. Participants were stratified by menopausal type and VMS severity. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of moderate/severe VMS, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed the discriminative performance of PNI. Results: PNI levels were significantly lower in women with surgical menopause compared to natural menopause (39.6 f 14.6 vs 50.4 f 16.8, p = 0.002). While the prevalence of moderate/severe VMS was similar between groups, symptom severity was higher in surgical menopause. Women with moderate/severe VMS had significantly lower PNI levels than those with mild symptoms (39.8 f 14.9 vs 52.1 f 15.4, p = 0.001). Lower PNI independently predicted moderate/severe VMS (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.97, p = 0.001), with each unit increase associated with a 7% risk reduction. Surgical menopause was also independently associated with greater symptom severity (OR = 2.27, p = 0.035). ROC analysis showed moderate discrimination in the overall cohort (AUC = 0.74) and stronger performance in the surgical menopause subgroup (AUC = 0.86). Conclusion: Lower PNI is independently associated with increased VMS severity. Its predictive value is stronger in surgical menopause, suggesting a more prominent role of immune-nutritional status under abrupt estrogen decline. PNI may serve as a practical biomarker for VMS risk stratification.
Objective: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects long-term glycemic exposure; however, its relationship with renal function in non-diabetic adults has not been clearly defined. This study aimed to investigate the association between HbA1c levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a non-diabetic adult population. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 197 non-diabetic adults attending the internal medicine outpatient clinic of Gaziantep University & Scedil;ahinbey Research and Practice Hospital. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated from serum creatinine, and HbA1c levels were evaluated as both continuous and categorical variables. Associations between HbA1c and eGFR were analyzed using correlation and linear regression analyses with adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and fasting plasma glucose. Results: HbA1c levels were inversely correlated with eGFR (Spearman rho=-0.237, p<0.001). In univariate analysis, each 1% increase in HbA1c was associated with a 9.8 mL/min/1.73 m(2) decrease in eGFR. Although this association was attenuated after adjustment for age, HbA1c remained independently associated with eGFR in the fully adjusted multivariable model (beta=-4.31, p=0.042). Median eGFR values decreased across HbA1c categories, with the lowest values observed in participants with prediabetes. Conclusion: Higher HbA1c levels were independently associated with lower eGFR in non-diabetic adults. These findings suggest that HbA1c may reflect early renal vulnerability even below diagnostic thresholds for diabetes mellitus, warranting further investigation in prospective longitudinal studies.
Objective: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition characterized by progressive pancreatic beta-cell destruction, with high familial clustering rates. Siblings of index cases with T1DM represent a critical population for understanding immunogenetic mechanisms, as they share genetic backgrounds while demonstrating variable disease expression. Islet-specific autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes are pivotal markers for early risk identification in at-risk siblings. This study aimed to characterize and compare immunological signatures between pediatric index cases with T1DM and their unaffected siblings, with particular emphasis on the utility of combined autoantibody and HLA profiling for predicting disease risk in the sibling population. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 230 participants (46 index cases with T1DM and 184 unaffected siblings) recruited from a tertiary pediatric endocrinology clinic. Serum levels of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (antiGAD), anti-islet cell antibodies (anti-ICA), anti-insulin autoantibodies (anti-IAA), insulin, C-peptide, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. HLA-DR and -DQ loci were genotyped using high-resolution sequence-based typing. Results: Index cases with T1DM had significantly higher positivity and titers for antiGAD and anti-ICA (p<0.001), lower C-peptide (0.21 vs. 0.99 ng/mL) and insulin levels (2.87 vs. 4.37 & micro;IU/mL), and elevated HbA1c (11.6% vs. 5.5%) compared to controls. Decision tree analysis identified specific HLA alleles (e.g., DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8) associated with disease status. Conclusion: This study suggests that combined autoantibody profiling and HLA genotyping may be useful for risk stratification in siblings of index cases with T1DM and supports further evaluation of their role in early monitoring strategies.
Objective: This study investigated the capability of several remineralizing agents to enhance the laser fluorescence values of artificially produced enamel caries lesions under in vitro conditions. Methods: Fifty permanent incisors were selected and demineralized to create standardized artificial lesions. Specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10): untreated control, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP (Tooth Mousse (TM))), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus (TM))), the gel supplies bioactive forms of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium gel (CaGP (ROCS mineral gel) and NaF varnish. Laser fluorescence values (DIAGNOdent (R)) were recorded at baseline, after demineralization, and following 2- and 6-week remineralization periods. Statistical analyses included descriptive tests, the Friedman test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.050). Results: Reduction in laser fluorescence values of NaF group was significantly lower than all other study groups (p<0.050). Remineralization at the 2nd week was significantly correlated with baseline (r=0.416; p<0.050) and demineralization (r=0.641; p<0.010). Remineralization at the 6th week was significantly correlated with baseline (r=0.322; p<0.05), demineralization (r=0.561; p<0.010), and application (r=-0.330; p<0.050). Conclusion: CPP-ACP, CPP-ACPF, and CaGP remineralization agents showed higher success in 6th week remineralization compared to NaF. In multivariate analysis, CPP-ACPF and CaGP remineralization agents provide more significant success compared to the others for 6th week remineralization.
Objective: The role of sedation during cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections remains controversial in terms of patient comfort and procedural safety. This study aimed to present the early clinical outcomes of cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections performed under sedation in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 44 patients who underwent cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections under sedation. Pain intensity was assessed before the procedure and at 4 hours after the procedure using the NRS-11, and post-procedural patient satisfaction was evaluated using a Likert scale. Cumulative radiation dose, fluoroscopy time, and intra-procedural complications were analyzed. Mild-to-moderate sedation was targeted, and the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (MOAA/S) was used to assess the level of sedation. Results: At 4 hours post-procedure, a significant decrease in NRS-11 scores was observed compared with pre-procedure scores. Most patients reported high post-procedure satisfaction. No major complications were observed during the study period, and the minor side effects were transient. However, due to the retrospective nature of the study and the absence of a comparison group without sedation, the findings cannot be considered to definitively reflect the effect of sedation. Conclusion: Cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections administered with mild-to-moderate sedation were associated with early pain reduction and high patient satisfaction. However, given the limitations of the present study, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and prospective, controlled studies are required to determine the true contribution of sedation.
Objective: The 97-kDa valosin-containing protein (p97/VCP), which is involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation pathway, regulates a diversity of cellular activities. p97/VCP, which also physically interacts with the 26 proteasome and uses multiubiquitin chains to immediately attach the ubiquitinated substrates. Small p97/VCP-interacting protein (SVIP), was first detected to be one of numerous cofactors controlling the VCP. In rat kidney tissues and Vero cells, SVIP and p97/VCP proteins haven’t been investigated. The aim of present study was to examine the expression of p97/VCP and SVIP in kidney tissues and Vero cells. Also, this study was purposed to conduce to further research on the use of two proteins as kidney cell biomarkers in cases of renal pathologies. Methods: Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to examine the histomorphology of rat kidney tissues. The cellular distribution and expression of SVIP and p97/VCP in rat renal tissue were investigated using the immunohistochemistry method. Also, Vero kidney cell line was used to determine cellular localization and expression of ERAD proteins by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that SVIP and p97/VCP were primarily located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the proximal and distal tubule cells in the rat kidney. Furthermore, the immunoexpression of these proteins was discovered in the epithelial cells of the Henle loop and collecting tubules in the medulla. In the nucleus and cytoplasm of Vero kidney cells in vitro, p97/VCP immunoexpression was detected. SVIP was determined in the cytoplasm of the cells. Also, Vero cells showed intense p97/VCP expression compared to SVIP expression by Western blotting. Conclusions: In conclusion, the current study showed that p97/VCP and SVIP had cellular localization and protein expression in the rat kidney tissue and kidney cell line (Vero). We might advise that additional research is required to ascertain the role of SVIP and p97/VCP in renal tissue.
