Automatic text summarization is a computational technique that condenses the content of a text while preserving its important information. It plays a crucial role in managing overloaded information and saving time by providing concise summaries. Automatic summarization improves information retrieval, supports decision-making, enhances accessibility, enables scalability, and facilitates content organization. Indian language text summarization is particularly important due to the linguistic diversity in India. It promotes accessibility, information dissemination, local news summarization, education, and cultural preservation. Recent research in Indian language text summarization has focused on languages like Hindi, Telugu, Punjabi, Malayalam, and Sanskrit, proposing various methods that achieve high ROUGE scores. Continued research in this area will contribute to its effectiveness and advancement, benefiting a wider audience in India.
Frequent bacterial infections and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance pose increasing threats to the public and thus require the development of new antibacterial agents and strategies. Carbon dots (CDs) have been well demonstrated to be promising and potent antimicrobial nanomaterials and serve as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, great efforts have been made by many researchers to develop new carbon dot-based antimicrobial agents to combat microbial infections. This article gives an insight into understanding Carbon dots and their role as antimicrobial agents.
While English forms a major language in dissemination of knowledge, research papers and articles, it is being more and more observed and understood with experiments conducted over the globe that learning, expression, scientific output in one's mother tongue is easy and effective, more so for students and researchers from many non-English speaking Nations. We discuss in this article, the constraints and bottlenecks expressed by non-English speaking researchers globally in the study and communication of Science. We also discuss the studies that have been conducted globally to highlight importance of Science communication in mother tongue.
In the words of John McCarthy who was known as the father of artificial intelligence, he wrote while defining artificial intelligence was “The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs.” AI is not the current genre; much of its theoretical and technological underpinning was developed over the past 80 years when the scientists such as Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy did considerable work in this field.The current decade has gone through with n numbers of advancement in science and technology.It is no doubt real time digital dashboard of the earth.When we talk about, quantum computing and artificial intelligence have disrupted quickly, but even though not being taken seriously. This paper dwells on all the possible aspects where AI can stand in good stead for the rural development.
With advent of Modern Science and technology there is tremendous thrust on electronic materials development to support the progress of semiconductors, IC chips manufacturing to provide the fundamental fabrics of electronic industries. There is an effort for automation and ICT applications in every domain of Science, Technology, Management thus thrusting more on electronics and wastes generation associated with the system. In this context a brief overview will be lead for importance on Printed Circuit Board recycling which is one of the most fundamental blocks of any electronic devices.
The heart is a very important part of the human body, any study related to it is always beneficial to mankind.Analysis of Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first step to diagnose any cardiovascular disease. This paper addresses the critical aspects of health sciences education concerning data privacy concerns and the need for a low computational framework in ECG signal modelling. The research aims to enhance the accuracy and flexibility of ECG signal representation for applications in health sciences education, biomedical research, and clinical practice. The parametric spline approach, utilizing cubic splines, is proposed to construct smooth and continuous curves through a set of control points. The results demonstrate the superior accuracy of the parametric spline approach compared to existing methods, making it a valuable tool for visualizing and analyzing ECG signals in various medical applications.This facilitates the analysis of the wide variety of medical conditions mathematically without the need for actual data.It also opens up possibilities for generalizing the approach to other medical signals, benefiting biomedical research purposes.
Mahatma Gandhi considered himself as a man of science although his views on science are sporadically mentioned in his vast literature. The people who wrote on Gandhi mainly analyse his position as a politician or a spiritual person and often neglect his wisdom about science. His critique of machine in his book Hind Swaraj led his critics to label him antiscience person. It is necessary to understand that his critique of machines is embedded in his broader critique of modern civilization. Gandhi tries to posit science in socio-economic and political context. Gandhi is not mesmerized by the material progress dawned by science on humanity rather he analyses the long term threats posed by this unbridled material progress to the survival of mankind.
In palynological analysis pollen and spore are studied and analysis involves the examination of the morphology and anatomical characteristics of their outer shells known as exine. "The application of this information has played a pivotal role in addressing various challenges within the field of plant systematics and evolutionary studies. Thus, the size and shape of pollen grains including apertural diversity are some of the most reliable supports for classifying plants. The flora of Patna contains a lot of diversified plants like Sal, Toona ciliata, Kendu, Salai, Terminalia tomentosa, Bahera, Arjun, Paisar, Mahua, from semi evergreen to scrub jungles, xerotic to aquatic and succulant.The objective of this Research work was to examine the pollen vegetation of the Patna District, Bihar, India. During the research work field survey and laboratory method were applied then the list of plants were prepared. Anthers were collected the specimen were pressed in paper folders, Habit -Habitat and other details of the plants were recorded. Detailed information was entered in pollen packets. The results demonstrated a broad spectrum of pollen diversity in terms of their structure and morphology.
An alternative and green method of pest control in agriculture is biopesticides. It is highly effective to control a wide variety of insects, plant pathogens, weeds, etc. that largely affect the yield of agricultural productions. Biopesticide has become a popular approach to overcome the adverse effects of chemical pesticides, especially on the environment and human health. In spite of having several beneficial aspects, biopesticides occupy only 1% of the total plant protection products all over the world, though their development and applications have been increasing gradually for the last two decades. The following sections discuss the various types of biopesticides that have been used thus far, their benefits and drawbacks, and their future prospects.
Civil society is built on an energy resource. It is very essential for the survival of the modern world and it affects every aspect of life. To form steam from boiling water, nuclear power is a clean and efficient way. The steam generated turns turbines to produce electricity. In nuclear power, the radiation released into the environment is lesser as compared to any other major source of energy. Studies have been done that indicated that major industrial accidents are more destructive than the worst possible accident at a nuclear plant. Nuclear power is one of the few commercially tested sources of energy that is virtually free of greenhouse gas emissions. This automatically makes it of interest to climate change pundits. This article explores nuclear energy as an alternative source of energy and explains the process of nuclear fission, nuclear reactions, nuclear fuel, various nuclear reactor types, operations involved in nuclear reactors, the nuclear fuel cycle, the fueling of nuclear reactors, and fusion power.
Infections and cancers are one of the most serious concerns to humankind, causing a massive amount of impairments and fatalities. Quick detection and treatment of infections and cancers allow for a better knowledge of their pathology. The optimum strategy for detecting pathogens needs to be quick, precise, sensitive, and cost-effective. PCR-mediated methods have additional restrictions including extremely specialized equipment, reagents, well-trained staff, and well-established facilities. There are three novel CRISPR-mediated methods, including SHERLOCK, DETECTR, and CUT-PCR, developed for precise diagnosis. These new techniques can be attached to other diagnostic methods for achieving more precise strategies. SHERLOCK, DETECTR, and CUT-PCR are potential technologies for the quick detection and diagnosis without complicated processing, however, these are still in the early stage. In the review, we briefly introduced these three CRISPR-mediated diagnostic methods.
This comprehensive literature review explores the integration of Darwinian theory, specifically natural selection and evolution, within the context of Generative Pre -trained Transformers (GPT). GPT, an advanced language model, has shown remarkable capabilities in generating human -like text, but its underlying mechanisms can be enhanced by incorporating principles from Darwinian theory. This review examines theoretical frameworks, empirical studies, and methodological approaches used to integrate Darwinian theory into GPT. The findings highlight the potential benefits, challenges, and future research directions in merging these two domains.
Hyperspectral remote sensing technology can provide an alternate approach to the traditional clay mineral identification methods, saving time, money, and energy compared to conventional methods. This technique can provide a significant amount of information that could be extracted from the spectral signatures of the surface materials. Both imaging and non-imaging hyperspectral data are helpful in clay mineral identification, as various clay minerals show unique spectral characteristics. Several improved spectral and spatial Hyperspectral sensors can be used for better interpretation of clay mineral abundance in soil. This popular article provides insight into the techniques and tools used to identify clay minerals using Hyperspectral remote sensing.
Phenolic compounds are mostly abundant plant derived secondary metabolite. These compounds are heterogeneous and approximately 8000 known compounds are available. Irrespective of very low bioavailability polyphenols are doubtlessly considered for numerous biological functions and therefore poor bioavailability/high bioactivity paradox is affirmed. Most of the dietary polyphenols have different type of beneficial biological functions, working as antioxidants, free radical scavengers, and metal chelators; they also evince numerous physiological functions. Phenolic compound consumption is considered decisive for maintaining a good health.
While English has emerged as a major language in dissemination of knowledge, through research papers and articles, it has also been observed and understood with experiments conducted over the globe that learning, expression, scientific output in one's mother tongue happened to be easy and effective, more so for students and researchers from many non-English speaking Nations. This article, discussed the constraints and bottlenecks expressed by non-English speaking researchers globally in the study and communication of Science. In addition, studies were also discussed that have been conducted globally to highlight importance of Science communication in mother tongue.
Frequent bacterial infections and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance pose increasingthreats to the public and thus require the development of new antibacterial agents andstrategies. Carbon dots (CDs) have been well demonstrated to be promising and potent antimicrobialnanomaterials and serve as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, greatefforts have been made by many researchers to develop new carbon dot-based antimicrobial agentsto combat microbial infections. This article gives an insight into understanding Carbon dots and their role as antimicrobial agents.
Conscious effort is being made since the 1980s to make computers usable for more people. Human-computer interaction is a branch of computer science that studies how people interact with computers and how user interface of software systems should be designed. Contemporary user interfaces are developed following user-centered design approach and are graphical and intuitive in nature. People like objects of their interest to be continuously visible on the screen and prefer working on them through incremental and reversible actions which are acknowledged by immediate feedback. Suitably designed user interfaces have played a crucial role in popularizing smartphones, smartwatches and social media in the recent years.
The daily light and dark cycles produce some biological rhythms in almost all living organisms. These rhythms are driven by atiny endogenous circadian time keeping system mainly located in the anterior part of the mammalian hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN receives photic inputs directly froma set of distinct ganglion cells of the retina through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). The light and dark intensities regulate periodic expressions of the circadian oscillators of the SCN including clock genes, pineal and adrenal secretions and thereby maintain circadian rhythms of diverse physiological functions.
Smart phone has changed at a rapid speed since its launch. We all have experienced the change from key pad to touch screen, connecting smart phone to internet and attending online class or doing net banking transactions. Smart phone are being used for shopping online, placing orders from restaurants and also book cinema tickets or get the medicine in emergency. The velocity of change with smart phone still continues and we will experience many changes in future. The reason behind these additional features can be due to nanotechnology. Some changes can be making the smart phone water proof and dust proof .We can swim with smart phones in pocket and rains may not damage the smart phone. In addition to this smart phone may become bendable. All this changes can be due to nanotechnology. In this article we discuss how nanotechnology can contribute to smart phones.
The economic growth is a challenging issue in the North East Region (NER) of India. The present investigation highlights the economic growth in the NER of India. The study estimated economic growth of the region since 1980 to 2019 and compared it between the pre-reform and post-reform periods. The investigation observed that the agricultural and allied activities sector has a lower economic growth compared to the industrial and service sector in the NER of India during the period 1980 to 2019.
