The paper examines semantic memory and concept representations at the behavioural level using semi-structured interview. It has been found that participants made sense of concrete and abstract concepts experientially, emotionally, and contextually. Therefore, abstract concepts are more subjective and context-sensitive, while concrete ones are more autonomous and sensory. The results have an implication that semantic knowledge is not a fixed but dynamic system and is continually re-constituted through experience, emotion, and language.
Travel agency video presentations on social media function as multimodal media products that combine structural elements to ensure the understanding of pragmatic meaning and achieve communicative effect. Drawing on media linguistics and pragmatic theories, the study employs multimodal discourse analysis to examine structural elements of such presentations and to show how multimodal pragmatics shapes a cultivated, semantically synergistic, and targeted media product.
This paper examines the role of food and cooking in expressing emotions in Laura Esquivel's "Like water for chocolate". Drawing on the theory of conceptual metaphor and metonymy, it argues that culinary discourse may be viewed as construing emotional meaning through recurring patterns rooted in bodily experience. Magical realism reinforces these patterns by depicting emotions as physically transmitted through food. Cooking thus becomes an alternative means of communication, which enables characters to express feelings and face social restrictions.
Because of their reliance on conceptual integration, humour and metaphor may be perceived as partially overlapping dynamic cognitive processes, in that they are based on incongruities between input spaces and lead to the emergence of new meanings. The paper demonstrates the operation of humour and metaphor in tandem on the example of selected multimodal press advertisements in English. The presented study shows the workings of domain boundaries when the two phenomena are employed concurrently.
This paper examines Vietnamese serial verb constructions as a macro-event structure. Using attested prose data, it applies a controlled omission test to distinguish anchoring from optional verbs. It proposes a two-level constraint system that combines cognitive constraints on event integration with functional constraints on clause organization. The analysis predicts when serial verbs form mono-clausal serial verb constructions and when they shift toward coordination or multi-event interpretations. The findings clarify the principles that govern Vietnamese serialization and macro-event coherence.
The purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, to explain the difference between the pair of cognates: Polish brzoza and English birch; and secondly, to reveal the reason why these cognates cannot be brought back to identical proto-forms. It is suggested that the English birch developed from a collective formation, which underwent the process of singularization. The front vowel in the original collective suffix caused i-mutation and palatalization of the voiceless velar plosive. Consequently, Polish brzoza and English birch cannot be considered exact cognates. The study also has several implications for the method of contrasting cognates.
This study examines the linguistic and visual portrayal of the United Nations in selected online cartoons depicting various global conflicts and wars. Drawing on Barthes's semiotic framework and Forceville's theory of visual metaphor, the study analyzes how multimodal signs, symbolic representations, and metaphorical imagery contribute to the framing of the United Nations within wartime narratives. The findings reveal that the United Nations has been portrayed as largely ineffective and passive during various worldwide conflicts. Almost all depictions of the organization portray it as a fragile role in the selected visual narratives.
This study investigates the cognitive mechanisms underpinning multimodal misinformation in anti-vaccine tweets. Multimodal misinformation is understood as misleading content communicated through the interaction of verbal and visual modes in social media messages. The study focuses on metaphor and metonymy as key resources in the construction of verbo-pictorial meaning in online communication. The findings indicate that metonymy plays a central role in shaping multimodal representations of vaccination, while metaphor is of secondary importance.
The article proposes a corpus-based methodology built on the notion of "emotional conceptual proximates". The framework is applied to SEHNSUCHT in German culture and LONGING in North American culture, alongside the non-ambivalent emotion concepts HATE and LOVE vs. HASS (HAß) and LIEBE. The study distinguishes between "ambivalent emotion concept" and "ambivalence of emotion concept", identifies the main types of ambivalent emotion concepts in the two cultures, and compares their conceptual structures by mean valence values to reveal cross-cultural differences.
The paper elaborates an integrated methodology of studying the ways in which a speaker's emotional state can be represented with the help of phraseological means. The analysis of eight feature films has established that in spoken discourse the choice of phraseological units for conveying one's emotions and feelings depends on several main factors: their type, the conceptual foundation of their images, their emotional modus, their use in (non)conventional forms, communicative strategies of their modifications, and illocutionary shifts determining their pragmatic efficiency in interpersonal interaction.
The paper explores the accounts of President Trump's 2025 tariff announcement, treated as a worldwide viral event, in the media outlets with differing status: global (American), glocal (Slovak), and local (Ukrainian). The analysis shows that the outlets' headlines, as mini texts, vary in their choice of verbs and dependent units to cover the viral event, while reports on its consequences differ in their rendering of assessment, causal relations, support vs challenges ranging from criticism to countermeasures.
Rooted in cognitive linguistics, the study examines how speakers of three different languages, English, French, and Polish, use vegetable names to metaphorically refer to the intellectual domain. The analysis is based on conventionalised lexical units and identifies certain unique perceptual, sociocultural, and linguistic factors that shaped the analysed figurative senses in each of these languages as well as the cross-linguistic patterns of thought underlying these senses.
The article discusses zoonymic disease names used in eight Middle Armenian medical books (12th – 16th centuries), which, according to dictionary data, were not attested in Classical Armenian. These words were used during medieval period with the meaning of medical terms. The article demonstrates the path of emergence, formation, and development of these disease names in Middle Armenian. It also considers their transmission to contemporary Armenian as medical terms or their replacement with new equivalents.
This article examines the concept of English genitive structures and provides a closer look at possible ambiguities of its semantics. The generally accepted classification of the English genitive into a range of semantic functions raises considerations on their clarity within a minimal context. The article is a corpus analysis of the frequency of the semantic functions of the genitive. Alongside the possessive function, the article aims to determine the frequencies of other semantic functions of genitives, which may be interpreted in multiple ways.
This paper explores the linguistic and cultural significance of the term 'fish' across three languages: Spanish, Arabic, and Japanese. By analysing phraseological units (PhUs), including collocations and proverbs, the study integrates cultural linguistics and phraseology to show how fish-related PhUs reflect broader cultural values and beliefs, as well as the historical, religious, and social contexts. The research draws from a variety of dictionaries and linguistic sources to examine these representations, revealing how the symbolism of fish permeates worldviews in maritime cultures.
Utilizing bibliometric methods with the Dimensions database and VOSviewer, this paper analyzes 3,556 publications to chart the evolution of cognitive typology from 2011 to 2025. We identify leading authors, collaboration networks, and trending topics. Findings indicate a strong focus on motion and space, with a methodological split between experimental and theoretical research. The analysis uncovers a significant gap between the field's aim of achieving linguistic diversity and its actual language sample, outlining priorities for future research to address this and other limitations.
The present paper delves into the remarkably diverse yet highly intricate fabric of palindromicity from a translingual perspective. A seemingly simplistic reversibility pattern underlying the formation of prototypical palindromes yields a multitude of discrete typologies that are constructed upon different criteria and yet exploit homolingual language material in each case. Revisiting the extensive yet fragmented theoretical framework and reexamining the empirical evidence from a number of structurally similar and dissimilar languages allows for creating an integrative typology of word palindromes applicable to the overwhelming majority of world languages, irrespective of their phonemic, graphemic, syllabemic, morphemic, or lexemic idiosyncrasies.
The article focuses on linguistic and cultural elements portrayed in the film KPop Demon Hunters. With the popularity of Korean culture, Korean terms are increasingly entering global languages through borrowing. These expressions not only carry deep cultural meanings but also showcase the importance of Korean cultural products in media globalization. Using several methodological approaches, the article investigates how KPop Demon Hunters employs these expressions not simply as language but as cultural signs that enable audiences to understand, interpret, and transcode their context.
In this paper, the lexical and grammatical patterns of 20 highly- and poorly-rated documentaries of 2023 and 2024 are compared through the Multidimensional Analysis Tagger. Documentaries that are rated highly are those with a narrative discourse style. The poorly-rated ones are more informational and have a higher lexical density. The documentaries with high ratings are also less persuasive and more abstract. Statistical tests, such as ANOVA, support significant lexical and grammatical differences. The results provide an understanding of the role of linguistic choices in influencing the audience and documentary success.
The article proposes a cognitively and lexically grounded perspective on onomastic terminology, i.e. the set of technical terms used to designate and classify types of proper names. Such terms function not only as taxonomic labels but also as cognitive tools that support conceptual structuring and epistemological framing within onomastic and interdisciplinary discourse. The study explores the motivated morphology, semantic transparency, as well as scientization and lexicalization patterns of selected terms across four languages: English, Italian, Polish, and Slovak.
