Sokolivsky (Inguletsky) quarry is located in the South-Western (Sokolivsky) suburb of Kropyvnytsky. The quarry exposes typical porphyry granites of the Kropyvnytsky (Kirovohrad) type. The granites are biotite, in some areas garnet-biotite, light gray in the lower ledges and pink in the upper ones. Granites are characterized by wide variations in the content of biotite and garnet, which is likely due to the layered structure of the stratum, which was transformed into granites as a result of ultrametamorphism, but was not homogenized due to incomplete (partial) melting. As a result of studying the anatomy of accessory zircon crystals by optical microscopy, heterogeneous relict zircon nuclei of substrate rocks were found in the middle of the crystals, which indicates a crustal source of the ancestral granite melts that formed the Kropyvnytsky massif. The age of the granites of the massif was determined by the U-Pb isotope method using monazite. It was found that the heterogeneous biotite-microcline-plagioclase granite (sample 18/23) was formed 2043 +/- 30 Ma and the gray-pink biotite-difeldspar (sample 19/23) - 2031 +/- 2.5 Ma. The difference in the time of formation by almost 10 million years is most likely due to the long (more than 10 million years) existence of the granite melt and different times of crystallization of monazite, caused by differences in the chemical composition of the melt, in particular the activity of calcium and phosphorus in different parts of the magmatic center.
We conducted a geochronological and petrological study of felsic igneous rocks associated with the formation of the Soroky and Berestova greenstone structures in the Azov Domain of the Ukrainian Shield. According to U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating, granitoid intrusions in the Soroky and Berestova greenstone structures formed at 3003±31 Ma and 2931±84 Ma, respectively. In contrast, trondhjemite found as fragments in the tectonic zone was dated at 3224±37 Ma. These ages define the interval of greenstone belt formation in the Azov Domain, spanning from 3220 to 3000 Ma. Geochemical data indicate that metarhyolites, which form the greenstone structures, along with tonalites and granodiorites that intrude them, resulted from the partial melting of juvenile crustal rocks, characterized by short crustal residence times. Trondhjemite found in the tectonic zone was generated by melting of a protolith with an extended crustal residence time. The obtained data indicate a significant role of the melting of older continental crust in the origin of greenstone belts in the Azov Domain of the Ukrainian Shield.
Based on studies of the fluid phase of inclusions in minerals of rocks of different genetic types from the Earth's lith osphere, the relationship (connection) of individual parameters: pressure - temperature, pressure - density and temperature - density - in the creation of fluid pressure, in particular ultrahigh, in the rock environment during magmatic, metamorphic and hydrothermal mineral formation is shown. Using the example & iukcy; of studying ultrahigh fluid pressures during the crystallization of quartz crystals of the "Marmarosh diamonds" type, it is proven that ul trahigh fluid pressure is associated with the internal chemical transformation of the initial water oil fluid with the accumulation of a high density gas phase (& Scy;& Ncy;4) as the main barogenic factor of ultrahigh fluid pressures. For indi vidual gold ore objects of the Ukrainian Shield, high fluid pressure in vein quartz were caused by the oxidation of graphite of host rocks to & Scy;& Ocy;(2) with its subsequent active participation in the formation of vein gold mineralization. This is evidenced by the closeness of the isotopic composition of carbon & Scy;& Ocy;(2) of fluid inclusions in quartz and an thraxolite veins and in graphite and carbonate of host rocks. According to the results of determinations of fluid pressure of mineralogenesis among different types of lithosphere rocks, it follows that fluid pressures of mineral ogenesis in the rock environment, including ultrahigh ones, are the product of mineral, chemical and other trans formations in the rock fluid system against the background of geodynamic and geochemical processes at a specific object. According to geological data, fluid pressure of crystallization of minerals of basaltoid magmas during their penetration into the rock and water (oceanic) environment, as well as the magnitude of the pressures of inclusions of water salt solutions in quartz from Volyn pegmatites, are commensurate with the depth of mineral crystalliza tion. The ultrahigh fluid crystallization pressure of the Carpathian "Marmarosh diamonds" appears to be inde pendent of depth., although some individual values may be commensurate with lithostatic pressure. There is not enough reason to judge the commensurability of fluid pressure from fluid inclusions in minerals of metamorphic rocks with the probable depth of their crystallization.
Synthesis in a fluid with supercritical parameters is a universal method for high temperature growth under high pressure of various substances. By the method of fluid synthesis at a pressure of up to 200 MPa and a temperature of 500700 degrees C, carbon powder was obtained from carbon black and activated carbon by the reverse Boudoir reaction, which was identified as cubic graphite. This experiment continues previous developments on the topic of fluid synthesis of carbon modifications. The equipment on which the experiments were conducted allows to create in a short time the specified conditions in a wide range of pressure, temperature and time values. The schematic diagram of such equipment is presented in many works published by us earlier. It was experimentally found that in the case of the formation of carbon structures from the starting material (soot or activated carbon) at the PT parameters specified in the experiments, the cubic graphite structure dominates. The induction of the latter from soot occurred at higher values of P, T, while for activated carbon the main parameter of synthesis is its duration at lower values of P, T. The new results expand the picture of the formation of the cubic graphite phase depending on the thermodynamic parameters of the experiment and fit into the framework of the previously proposed new model of the formation of carbon phases. It is shown that pressure; temperature and time significantly affect the formation of cubic graphite. In particular, pressure is the main factor in a significant increase in the yield of powder during synthesis. Temperature and time also increase the yield of cubic graphite, but have their own optimum. To work out the optimal modes for obtaining cubic graphite of a perfect structure, we can use the results we obtained of the influence of various starting substances during its synthesis.
The Carpathian region is very poor in rare earth minerals. Until now, only Ce and Y phosphates were known in ancient rocks of the Marmarosh massif. The discovery of silicate from the epidote supergroup in the spilitized Mesozoic (J(3)-K-1) basalts of the Chyvchyn suite was the first in the Ukrainian Carpathians. A characteristic feature of the basalts according to X-ray fluorescence analysis is the content of REE and Co above the Clark content and an increased content of other rare elements - Ba, Sr, Zr, Cr, Rb. According to the results of microprobe chemical analyses, the mineral was identified as allanite-(Ce) with a deficiency of REE and Fe, which are compensated by Ca and Al, respectively. Allanite in paragenesis with quartz (chalcedony), titanite magnetite, calcite and chlorite forms reniform aggregates up to 100 mu m in size, confined to the contact zone of the effusive with the xenolith of the terrigenous-carbonate rock, near the calcite vein. Microscopic brownish-brown individuals of allanite (10-20 mu m) in aggregates are anisotropic, weakly pleochroic. The average composition of the mineral according to eight measurements corresponds to the formula Ca1.48REE0.46Al2.26Fe0.74Si3.07O12(OH). The mineral was formed as a result of the interaction of basaltic magma (probably alkaline specialization) with terrigenous-carbonate rock under conditions of greenschist metamorphism, closer to epidote-amphibolite (300-500 degrees C). It was assumed that the reniformshape of the aggregates is inherited from organogenic residues in limestones. The liquation hypothesis, which is based on the formation of separated spherical drops of silicate-carbonate melt as a result of the interaction of basaltic lava with limestone, seems more likely. Allanite in paragenesis with other minerals is the result of crystallization of this melt. The liquation hypothesis of the formation of reniform aggregates is consistent with visual facts, in particular with the shape and distribution of aggregates, similar mineral composition, zonal structure, etc. The discovery of allanite among the basalts of the Chyvchyn suite enriched in rare elements opens up the prospect of searching for other minerals with these elements.
Thermomagnetic analysis (TMA) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) methods were employed to investigate syn thetic samples of synthetic magnetite and maghemite samples prepared from various precursors (lepidocrocite starch mixtures, from magnetic film and synthetic hematite), as well as natural iron ores before and after grinding in different media. The results obtained for synthetic standards confirm that maghemite is a thermally unstable compound with an inversion temperature to hematite near 400 degrees C, which does not allow determining the Curie temperature (T-& Scy;). It was established that higher inversion temperatures and T-& Scy; values exceeding the Curie point of magnetite indicate the formation of cation deficient (maghemitized) magnetite phases with varying oxidation degrees or doped maghemite. The study demonstrates the capability of these methods to identify maghemite in ferruginous quartzites after short-term dry and wet grinding (ranging from neutral to acidic media). A sharp decrease in magnetization near 400 degrees C is attributed to maghemite inversion, while the effect at 350 degrees C is associated with the surface oxidation of magnetite. These finding can be applied to evaluate ore quality and optimize mineral processing.
The Iskrene granites are unique fine-grained rocks located at the contact zone between the Korsun-Novomyrhorod Pluton and its host rocks. Their petrogenesis has long been a subject of debate, with hypotheses ranging from a late-stage intrusive phase of the Korsun-Novomyrhorod Pluton to xenoliths of older complexes or hybrid formations. The lack of consensus necessitates a detailed study using modern analytical methods. The study aims to constrain the genesis of the Iskrene granites by comparing their geochemical signatures and biotite chemistry with those of the surrounding rapakivi granites of the Korsun-Novomyrhorod Pluton. Petrographic analysis was combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace element determination and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) to establish the chemical composition of biotites. Petrographic analysis reveals that Iskrene granites are fine-grained rocks with a characteristic taxitic structure formed by mica clusters (0.5-2 cm). The groundmass consists of K-feldspar (40-50 %), plagioclase (15-20 %), quartz (20-25 %), and biotite (5-7 %). The presence of aplitic, poikilitic, and micrographic textures indicates rapid eutectic crystallization. A comparative study of biotite chemistry shows that Iskrene biotites are extremely peraluminous (Al2O3 = 20.68 %) and have a lower iron-to-magnesium ratio (f = 0.83) than rapakivi biotites (f = 0.91), plotting in the siderophyllite and S-type granite fields. Geochemically, Iskrene granites are depleted in Sr, Ba, Zr, Ti and REE compared to rapakivi granites. The total REE content is 204 ppm with a significantly deep negative europium anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.19). These geochemical signatures, along with reduced La/YbN ratios, indicate inheritance from a high-alumina crustal protolith. The Iskrene granites originated from the anatexis of peraluminous crustal rocks triggered by the heat and fluid influx from the Korsun-Novomyrhorod Pluton’s rapakivi magma. The taxitic structure and biotite chemistry confirm their restite nature, representing products of incomplete melting. Unlike the "dry" rapakivi melt, the Iskrene magma was fluid-saturated, leading to intensive autometasomatic muscovitization and chloritization. The Iskrene granites are hybrid formations where the crustal melt underwent "geochemical dilution" by the rapakivi-forming magma while retaining the signature of the host rocks.
Rare-metal granites of the Ukrainian Shield are equivalent to chamber pegmatites in terms of depth of formation. Therefore, these granite massifs are considered unpromising targets for rare-metal pegmatite exploration. A necessary condition for the formation of ore-bearing rare-metal intrusions (apogranitic formations) is the development of an acidic stage during their evolution, the degree of which can be evaluated using mineralogical pH indicators. Within the Ukrainian Shield, such intrusions are represented by the Perga, Kamyana Mohyla and Leznyky-type granites; however, their economic significance varies due to differences in the level of erosion. In anatectic granites (granites of the Zhytomyr, Kirovohrad and Uman types), which dominate within the Ukrainian Shield, this stage is poorly developed; therefore, these rocks are generally barren. In the Azov region (rare-metal granites of the Kamyana Mohyla type), intrusion zoning is incomplete, and the uppermost, most productive zones have been removed by significant erosion. According to preliminary data, the degree of erosion of the Leznyky-type granites in the Korosten pluton is even greater than that in the Azov region. In contrast, the Perga district exhibits the most complete zoning of altered granites, whereas erosion is relatively minor and varies locally in intensity. A concise formulation of the mineralogical criteria for assessing the ore potential of rare-metal granites and metasomatites is presented below: 1. Quartz from ore-bearing metasomatites of the Perga deposit contains Al, Na, Li, Be, Pb and Zn at concentrations one to two orders of magnitude higher than those in barren metasomatites. 2. Quartz thermoluminescence in the 290-320 degrees C range and the c parameter of its unit cell show a proportional relationship with the degree of mineralization in metasomatites. 3. The concentrations of Al-O--centers and hydrogen-related defects in quartz exhibit a complex relationship with the ore potential of metasomatites in the Perga ore district. 4. Weak thermoluminescence of microcline from the metasomatites of the Perga ore district is a characteristic feature of this mineral and has practical value as an exploration indicator of zones of intense metasomatism. 5. With regard to the applied significance of the Li-Fe isomorphic mica series, the following rule may be formulated: the more chemically complete the Li-Fe isomorphic mica series and the greater its polytypic diversity, the higher the potential for rare-metal mineralization in the metasomatites.
mantle source via low degree partial melting of garnet peridotite or garnet harzburgite. The coupled HFSETi depletion and LILELREE enrichment are diagnostic of ultrapotassic alkaline melts generated in a subductionrelated setting. Their compositions are likely analogous to potassic basalts or shoshonites. It is assumed that dehydration of subducted material triggers partial melting at reduced temperatures. This process releases fluids and melts that facilitate mantle metasomatism and subsequent partial melting of the overlying peridotites. The co occurrence of apatitebearingpotassic gabbroids and pyroxenites at the Holoskiv intrusion with coeval potassic rocks at the Verbka intrusion may indicate a shared genetic origin. These suites likely evolved from similar parent melts through deepseated differentiation. Furthermore, the presence of the Verbka potassic rocks may indicate that Holoskivtype apatite gabbroids are more widely distributed throughout the Bug region than previously recognized.
Numerous data concerning the findings, distribution, and sources of origin of the rare halide mineral of lunar rocks, lawrencite (FeCl2), have been analyzed, which is directly related to its nature in meteorites and diversity of funda mental processes of mineral formation, transformation, and mineral matter exchange between consolidated bodies of the Solar System. It is emphasized that the lawrencite belongs to throughgoing minerals of the Solar System and could have formed at various stages of its evolution: from a condensation of the protoplanetary gas dust nebula to its occurrence in consolidated bodies such as meteorites, the Moon, and Earth. Unlike of a meteorite lawrencite reality of existence of the lunar lawrencite is not in scientific dispute, as lunar rock samples brought back to Earth under sterile conditions. The lunar 66095 sample, known as "Rusty Rock", is especially informative. Three sources of lawrencite origin in the lunar samples are currently considered: meteorite, meteorite lunar, and lunar. According to the meteorite hypothesis, the presence of FeCl2 in the lunar rocks is due to primary meteoritic contamination, resulting from bombardment of a lunar surface by small Solar System bodies. The currently dominant meteorite lunar hypothesis, i.e. impact metamorphic hypothesis involves the processes of intense and multiple meteorite impacts on the lunar surface, thermal mobilization of volatiles from the lunar highlands and their subsequent mig ration into impact rocks, chemical interaction and condensation of Fe, P, S, Cl compounds within the breccia matrix leading to the formation of a mineral association of Fe,Nimetal, schreibersite, troilite and lawrencite. The lunar hypothesis predicts the formation of FeCl2 in lunar fumaroles. It is concluded that there is no contradiction in the existence of different sources of lawrencite, taking into account the complex history of the Moon, in which such processes as fumarolic degassing of surface basalt intrusions, influx of meteoritic material, shock metamorphic transformation of lunar surface rocks due to meteorite impacts, and the influence of cosmic radiation have a fundamental importance.
The results of uranium lead isotope dating of monazites and optical mineralogical study of zircon crystals from granites of the KropyvnytskyBobrynetsky massif, exposed by the Bobrynets quarry, are presented. The quarry is located on the right bank of the Suhokleya River, southwest of the town of Bobrynets. The quarry exposed mainly porphyry granites, similar to granites common in the Zhyvanivsky quarry. There is a slight variability in the biotite content in the granites. The age of the granites was determined by the TIMS method using multigrain monazite samples. It was found that the age of monazites of strongly cataclased and diafluorinated granite is 2028.5 +/- 2.7 million years. The age of monazite from porphyry granite, calculated from the upper section of concordiadiscordia, is 2035.1 +/- 4.6 Ma (weighted average value according to the isotopic ratio Pb-207/Pb-206 = 2029.7 +/- 2.0 Ma). The obtained numerical age values completely coincide with the uranium lead isotopic dates obtained for monazite from granite other parts of the KropyvnytskyiBobrynetsky massif. Optical microscopy methods revealed relict zircon nuclei of substrate rocks in the middle of zircon crystals, which suggests the formation of granites due to the transformation of older crustal material.
The article analyses the monitoring data of the groundwater chemical composition in nine observation wells on the territory of the St. Sophia Cathedral ensemble, obtained during 2012-2024. The results of the groundwaters chemical composition analysis of the Reserve's territory revealed exceedances of the standard indicators (total mineralization, chlorides, ammonium, sodium and potassium, pH) in the waters of a number of wells. It was found that the water from the wells located in the northern and western parts of the Reserve's territory has either a weakly expressed trend towards an increase in the concentration of groundwater chemical composition components and total mineralization, or no such trend at all, while the water from the wells located in the eastern, southern and central parts of the Reserve's territory has a significant trend towards an increase in the concentration of both individual components and total mineralization. The facts of exceeding the established standards in the waters of a number of wells in the Reserve by various indicators may have natural and technogenic causes, while the trends towards a constant, significant increase in a number of water components and overall mineralization have technogenic causes. It was determined that the groundwater of the reserve territory is divided into two groups by its composition: mixed type (with a slight predominance of hydrocarbonate ions) and calcium chloride. The mechanisms of formation of the chemical composition of groundwater were estimated by the method of analyzing the ratios of concentrations of major cations and anions.
The paper presents Xray data on the synthesis of cubic graphite and other polymorphic modifications of carbon by the reverse Boudoir reaction by the fluid method (FS, patent of Ukraine) using supercritical CO2 as a fluid and arti ficial diamond ASM1/0, carbon black, and metal powders as starting materials. Regardless of the type of starting material, cubic graphite was always formed as a result of the synthesis. It is shown that experiments on the fluid synthesis of carbon phases confirm some analogy with its formation in natural conditions. The new results expand the picture of the phase formation of carbon structures and fit into the framework of the proposed new model. The carbon phase cubic graphite (Gc) under conditions of fluid supercritical synthesis in a CO2 environment is easily formed (more than 50 samples were obtained from experiments with its inclusion) from many carbon compounds as starting materials. Two possible models of the phase structure are considered - as SCF & Scy;24 and C96. In high gas pressure equipment at P less than 1 GPa (less than 104 atmospheres) and T less than 1000 degrees & Scy;, cubic graphite of var ying degrees of perfection was obtained in many experiments. Carbon dioxide CO2 was used as a supercritical fluid at various parameters of pressure, temperature and time. The schematic diagram of the experimental equipment for fluid synthesis is presented in many of our published works. One of the synthesized samples, obtained using magne sium, is a carbon material with cubic graphite and exhibits the largest number of clear lines in Xray patterns of all the starting substances we used: 3.28 & acy;, 3.24 & acy;, 3.16 & acy;, 2.88 & acy;, 2.51 & acy;, 2.46 & acy;, 1.970 & acy;, 1.914 & acy;, 1.635 & acy;, 1.467 & acy;. The carbon phase cubic graphite is a stable modification of carbon.
The crystalmorphological and thermobarogeochemical features of quartz of geodes in basalts (Polytsi Quarry) were characterized, and petrographic studies of massive quartz associated with native copper from lava breccias (Rafalivka Quarry) of the continental flood basalts of Western Volyn are presented. The studied effusives belong to the Volyn Series of NeoproterozoicCambrian (Lower Ediacaran) age. The crystal morphology of quartz from the Polytsi Quarry In most crystals the prism is short. Crystal habit varies from hexagonalpyramidal to hexagonalprismatic, particularly shortprismatic, which is typical of quartz crystals formed during the early stages of mineral formation. Mineralthermometric studies revealed groups (clusters) of fluid inclusions, predominantly consisting of gasliquid, substantially gaseous, and substantially liquid inclusions often in planes of healed cracks in the quartz. Fairly high homogenization temperatures were recorded (up to 370 degrees C), generally falling within the temperature range of mesothermal processes (200-300 degrees C, in the sense of W. Lindgren). Solid inclusions are represented by hematite, magnetite, goethite and other iron bearing minerals. Analysis of the obtained data indicates that the quartz forming environment was enriched in Fe2+ and Fea+. This environment developed during the evolution of a single magmatic process, at the transition from melt to hydrothermalmetasomatic fluids that formed veinlet mineralization, particulary with the characteristic paragenesis of quartz and native copper in lava breccias - extremely important for understanding of the processes of native copper mineralization formation in the continental flood basalts of Western Volyn.
We conducted a geochronological and petrological study of felsic igneous rocks associated with the formation of the Soroky and Berestova greenstone structures in the Azov Domain of the Ukrainian Shield. According to UPb LAICPMS dating, granitoid intrusions in the Soroky and Berestova greenstone structures formed at 3003 +/- 31 Ma and 2931 +/- 84 Ma, respectively. In contrast, trondhjemite found as fragments in the tectonic zone was dated at 3224 +/- 37 Ma. These ages define the interval of greenstone belt formation in the Azov Domain, spanning from 3220 to 3000 Ma. Geochemical data indicate that metarhyolites, which form the greenstone structures, along with tonalites and granodiorites that intrude them, resulted from the partial melting of juvenile crustal rocks, characterized by short crustal residence times. Trondhjemite found in the tectonic zone was generated by melting of protolith with an extended crustal residence time. The obtained data indicate a significant role of the melting of older continental crust in the origin of greenstone belts in the Azov Domain of the Ukrainian Shield.
As a result of the long-term exploitation of magnetite quartzite deposits in the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin, where the technological cycle involves the beneficiation of ore raw materials, large-scale anthropogenic changes in the natural geological environment occur. These changes include, among other things, the return to the subsurface of mineral matter of a different quality after processing. The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the qualitative and quantitative changes in the physicochemical characteristics of magnetite quartzites after their extraction, processing, and return to the natural geological environment in the form of enrichment tailings. The content of macrocomponents in the original magnetite quartzites and in the beneficiation tailings was determined using an X-ray multichannel spectrometer SRP-25; the content of trace elements was analyzed by emission spectrometry. The hydrochemical parameters of process water were measured according to current international standards. The hydrogen index (pH) was determined with a portable pH-meter/oximeter/conductometer AZ-86031 (Taiwan); acidity, total hardness (calcium and magnesium content), and chloride concentration were determined by titration; the content of sulfates, nitrogen compounds, phosphates, soluble iron, and zinc was measured by spectrophotometric analysis using a DR 2800 Hach Lange spectrophotometer (USA). The total content of iron and other heavy metals was determined according to the relevant methodology using an atomic absorption spectrometer AA-850 (Japan). The total sodium and potassium content was calculated based on molar ratios. The study has proven significant changes in the structural-textural characteristics, aggregate-phase state, mineral composition, and chemical macro-and microcomponent content of magnetite quartzites after their extraction and beneficiation. Clarke values of chemical element concentrations in the original ore, commercial magnetite concentrate, and enrichment tailings were calculated. A mass balance was calculated for the system: original iron ore - magnetites concentrate - solid phase of beneficiation tailings. It was established that during the long-term storage of enrichment tailings in tailings facilities, as a result of the interaction between liquid and solid phases, geochemical processes occur that are similar to the final stage of weathering of rocks under natural exogenous conditions. In tailings ponds, due to the preliminary artificial dispersion of rocks and the presence of process waters, hypergenic processes occur more intensively than in natural conditions.
The results of long-term monitoring of geochemical parameters of dark gray podzolized soils of Poltava city (2005- 2024) are presented. Samples were selected according to DSTU 4281 : 2004; analyses were performed in the laboratory of the North-Eastern Interregional Center of the State Institution "Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine" according to generally accepted methods. The soil solution reaction range was determined to be pH 5.85-6.84 (aver- age 6.18) and the humus content was 1.75-2.40 % (average 2.23 %). The content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen ranged from 65.6-93.12 mg/kg (average 77.05 mg/kg), nitrate nitrogen - 20.67-25 mg/kg (average 23.43 mg/kg), and ammonium nitrogen - 19.39-24.55 mg/kg (average 21.76 mg/kg). Mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium were determined in the ranges of 130.23-168.92 and 110.48-174.23 mg/kg, respectively (average 147.89 and 128.10 mg/kg). It was found that the humus content is relatively stable for the studied soil type. The low level of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen is combined with an increased content of nitrates, which affects the activation of nitrification processes and the reduction of the ability of soils to retain ammonium forms of nitrogen in the absorption complex. Ammonium nitrogen remains relatively stable, but there is a potential threat of its transition to the nitrate form, which is exacerbated by the peculiarities of the mineralogy of the soils of Poltava, namely a decrease in the content of secondary clay minerals with high sorption capacity. At the same time, the level of potassium corresponds to average values, which is explained by its partial removal in the process of intensive land use. It is advisable to integrate the obtained results into the General Plan of Poltava (taking into account soil degradation zones); functional zoning schemes of the city (allocation of territories with reduced geochemical stability that require phytoremediation measures); agricultural practice (adaptive selection of crops and fertilization systems taking into account the mineralogical characteristics of soils); the city's environmental safety system (diagnosis of risks of groundwater pollution and nitrate migration in areas with low buffer capacity), in particular when determining the functional purpose of territories, regulating engineering loads, and developing programs for the sustainable development of urban landscapes.
A brief history of a meteorite collection of the Geological Department of The National Museum of Natural History at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NMNH NASU) is presented, as well as an updated list of meteorite samples available in it. Compared to the well-known collections, the meteorite collection of the NMNH NASU is limited, but quite diverse. It is represented by all types of meteorites which have scientific value due to samples of carbonaceous meteorites of the CM, CO and CV subgroups, as well as the unique Krymka chondrite. A sufficient attention is given to conservation and study of the carbonaceous chondrites as carrier of primitive material from which the planets of the Solar System, in particular the Earth and its mineral resources, were formed. The Ukrainian Krymka meteorite contains many xenoliths, which have not yet been found in the meteorites form which allows them to be classified as a new type of carbonaceous material. The meteorite collection of the NMNH NASU also contains samples of the well-known iron meteorites Sikhote-Alin and Chinga, which were collected by Ukrainian participants in meteorite expeditions in the 1970s and 1980s. The carbonaceous chondrites Allende, Dar al Gani 078, Felix, Kainsaz, Murchison, Murray, Ornans and Vigarano replenished the meteorite collection in the 1990s by exchange for scientifically equivalent samples. Since 2006, the collection was expanded by three meteorite samples: the Gruz`ke, Velyka Balka and Chelyabinsk chondrites. As of September 1, 2025, the meteorite collection of NMNH NAS of Ukraine contains 93 samples of meteorites.
The article investigates fluor-apatite from intermediate igneous rocks of the so-called "sobite" association of the Haisyn Complex in the Ros-Tikych Domain of the Ukrainian Shield. The chemical composition of fluor-apatite, the Sr isotopic composition and the mineral inclusions were examined. In terms of chemical composition, apatites closely resemble stoichiometric fluor-apatite. A significant negative Eu anomaly and the REE pattern are characteristic of apatite from high-Al (peraluminous) granites. On average, the LREE content in fluor-apatite from diorite is higher than that from monzonite. In contrast, the latter contains more Cl, V, Mn, Y, as well as MREE and HREE. Apatite contains numerous mineral inclusions: quartz, amphibole, biotite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, monazite, carbonates, magnetite and graphite. According to the amphibole-plagioclase thermobarometer, the crystallisation temperature of inclusions ranges from 735 to 790 degrees C, with a pressure of ca. 2 kbar. Apatite from diorite exhibits a relatively constant Sr isotopic composition of Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.71027 +/- 0.00047, whereas apatite from monzonite shows significant variations in the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio, with an average value of 0.71369 +/- 0.00031. The studied rocks are highly complex, exhibiting features of both peraluminous granitoids and those belonging to the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite association. Fluor-apatites and their inclusions crystallised from the melt, which contained fluid components, primarily water and carbon dioxide. There was a lack of isotopic equilibrium between the melts from which the studied monzonites and diorites crystallized; the diorite melt contained slightly more juvenile components, while the monzonite melt was predominantly a product of the melting of the ancient continental crust.
The article presents the results of studies of fluorine content in the waters of mountain rivers of the Rakhiv district of Transcarpathia (Tysa, Chorna Tysa, Bila Tysa, Lazeshchyna). Fluorine analyses in rocks were performed using the spectrometric method with alizarin complex on a Specol 11 spectrophotometer, and in waters - by the potentiometric method. It was determined that the waters of the rivers are similar in macrocomponent composition - bicarbonate-calcium with low mineralization (119-183 mg/dm(3)), pH 7.12-7.83. A lognormal distribution of fluoride occurrence was found, with the highest value of 0.05-0.08 mg/dm(3). The fluoride content in river waters (minimummaximum/median), mg/dm(3), was determined: Bila Tysa River (0.04-0.07/0.06), Lazeshchyna River (0.06-0.12/0.07), Chorna Tysa River (0.05-0.12/0.08), Tysa River (0.04-0.15/0.09). It was found that the composition of sediments forming the alluvium of mountain rivers (sandstones, limestones, mudstones, siltstones, gneisses) is the main source of fluorine in water. It has been proved that the rocks have the following characteristics (from greater to lesser), %: coarse sandstone (85) - fine sandstone (50) - limestone (6) - siltstone (4) - argillite (3) - clay (0.4), in terms of the percentage of desorption from the total fluorine content. A formula for calculating the percentages of fluorine desorption from sedimentary rocks into solution is proposed. This makes it possible to predict the fluorine content in river waters depending on the sedimentary rocks that are the source of alluvium. On the example of the Lazeshchyna River (slope 40 m/km), a moderate inverse deterministic relationship (R-2 = 0.5) between the flow (proximity to the mouth) and the fluorine content in the waters was found. It is stated that fine sand fractions in the river bends are good at removing fluorine, which is recorded by its increased content in the waters.
