BACKGROUND:A common issue with full-arch implant rehabilitations is the inconvenience of prosthesis removal, which must be performed every 6-12 months to ensure proper hygiene. The purpose of this study was to compare the most used technique for full arch prostheses, the screw-retained, with the conometric technique, less discussed in the literature, which could give advantages in terms of removal and reinsertion time. METHODS:The main component used was the implant-prosthetic connection Orbit (Bionica), which allowed for testing both conometric and screw-retained techniques. The first phase of the study (activation phase) focused on testing the activation of the copings in a standardized manner using a prosthetic driver at different torque values, from 10 Ncm to 30 Ncm, and then pulled to observe the force was required for decoupling. The second phase (time phase) compared the techniques to determine whether there were differences based on operators' experience, and secondly, which technique was faster. RESULTS:The activation phase resulted in a 15 Ncm value in which there was no deformation of the coping. The time phase showed that the screw-retained technique is quicker in delivery than the conometric technique (average of 6 min 4 s vs. 13 min 56 s for the all-on-four, average of 8 min 0 s vs. 18 min 37 s for the all-on-six), but on the other hand, the conometric technique is faster in check-ups (average of 9 min 2 s vs. 0 min 30 s for the all-on-four, average of 12 min 41 s vs. 0 min 43 s for the all-on-six). CONCLUSIONS:With the chosen components, it is possible to fabricate a prosthesis in a less operator-dependent manner. Because of the working times required, we hypothesize that the screw-retained technique should be preferred for provisional prosthetic restorations, while the conometric technique for permanent restorations.
BACKGROUND:The use of bioceramic sealers in endodontic treatment has gained traction due to their bioactivity, biocompatibility, and ability to promote mineralization. However, their integration with warm obturation techniques presents challenges, particularly concerning their thermal stability and adhesive properties. This review evaluates the compatibility of bioceramic sealers with warm obturation methods, focusing on the effects of heat on bond strength, physicochemical properties, and clinical outcomes. METHODS:A systematic search of the literature identified 12 relevant studies, with results showing that controlled heat can enhance sealer flow and adaptation but excessive temperatures compromise bond strength and material stability. RESULTS:Clinical studies demonstrate favorable outcomes for warm obturation techniques, provided that thermal thresholds are maintained. Advancements in bioceramic formulations may improve resilience to thermal challenges, highlighting the need for optimized obturation protocols and clear clinical guidelines. CONCLUSIONS:This review underscores the importance of balancing thermal enhancement with material preservation to achieve successful endodontic outcomes.
BACKGROUND:The study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a zinc-L-carnosine mouthwash (Hepilor®) in the treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients treated by radiation and/or chemotherapy. METHODS:The study included 42 patients, randomly allocated to the Test Group (N.=22) or to the Control Group (N.=20), referred to University Hospital of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy. The oral mucositis and its adverse manifestation were evaluated by the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria scales. Hepilor® (4 rinses/day with 10 mL of pure product, for 3 minutes, for 30 days) was administered to the Test Group. To Control Group was prescribed 2 daily rinses with water and sodium bicarbonate, for one minute, for 30 days. Each evaluation was performed at the time of patient enrolment (t0), after 15 days (t1) and 30 days (t2) from the beginning of the treatment. RESULTS:In Test Group, the moderate and severe mucositis (t0: 61%), its related symptoms (t0: 5-59%), and the use of analgesics (t0: 63%) were significantly reduced, both at t1 (28%; 0-14%; 14%; P<0.0001) and at t2 (14%; 0-5%; 0%; P<0.0001). In Control Group, the patients with severe mucositis (t0: 10%) and oral symptoms (t0: 0-56%) notably increased, especially at t2 (35%; 10-75%), as well as analgesic drugs intake (t0: 35%; t2: 75%; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS:These data confirm the clinical efficacy of Hepilor® in the treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients. Together with an adequate oral hygiene, it reduced the severity of oral mucositis and its related symptoms, improving patients' quality of life.
BACKGROUND:Since 1993, the annual Congress of the College of the Italian Dental Professors (CDUO) has been the most important multidisciplinary event involving all Italian dental schools. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the characteristics and fate of the posters' abstracts presented in the editions from 2015 to 2019 under the category "Endodontics." METHODS:Abstracts presented in the category Endodontics from 2015 and 2019 were retrieved from the conference proceedings and reviewed. The following data were extracted: year, title, authors, affiliation, topic and study design. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to determine if each abstract was subsequently published as a full article in an indexed journal. The publication rate was calculated as well as the independent predictors of publication. RESULTS:118 endodontic posters from 19 Italian dental schools were assessed. The University of Turin submitted the most, followed by Catania and Rome La Sapienza. "Mechanical Instrumentation" was the most common topic, and 82% of the studies were in vitro/ex vivo. Of the 118 abstracts, 42 (35.6%) were published in full in indexed journals. Research collaboration and affiliation with the University of Catania significantly increased likelihood of publication. The published articles (N.=39) received a total of 1093 citations. Most appeared in the Journal of Endodontics and the International Endodontic Journal. CONCLUSIONS:Over one-third of the endodontic abstracts presented at CDUO congresses progressed to full publication in indexed journals, generating a notable number of citations. These results highlight the solid quality of Italian endodontic research and its increasing visibility within the international scientific community.
INTRODUCTION:External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent iatrogenic effect of orthodontic tooth movement. Whether endodontically treated teeth (ETT) are more prone to EARR than teeth with vital pulp tissue (VPT) remains uncertain and is clinically relevant for interdisciplinary treatment planning. This review aimed to compare the extent of EARR in ETT versus VPT after orthodontic treatment and to identify factors associated with EARR in ETT. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook was conducted. PubMed was searched for observational human studies assessing orthodontic movement in ETT with contralateral VPT as controls. Eligible studies used micro-CT, CBCT, or panoramic radiographs to measure EARR and adopted prospective or retrospective cohort designs. Extracted data included sample characteristics, tooth type, orthodontic mechanics, imaging methods, and EARR outcomes. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS:Six studies met the inclusion criteria and involved both adolescent and adult patients. Overall, the evidence indicated that orthodontic treatment does not increase EARR in ETT compared with VPT. Four studies reported significantly less EARR in ETT, while two found no significant differences. Three-dimensional imaging generally demonstrated smaller resorption volumes or surface changes in ETT. Extraction-based mechanics tended to correlate with greater EARR in vital teeth, whereas unresolved periapical pathosis in ETT was associated with increased resorption. Findings regarding age, sex, treatment duration, and tooth type were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS:Current evidence suggests that orthodontic movement of ETT is at least as safe - and often less associated with EARR - than movement of teeth with vital pulp. Orthodontic loading should be delayed in ETT presenting with untreated periapical lesions. Further high-quality studies using standardized 3D assessments are needed to guide interdisciplinary protocols.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originating from the oral cavity constitute an accessible and minimally invasive reservoir of multipotent progenitors with broad relevance in regenerative medicine. Within this heterogeneous family, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), gingival MSCs (GMSCs), and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) have been extensively studied. These populations share key MSC characteristics: clonogenicity, self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and a bioactive secretome, while displaying distinct biological signatures that influence their therapeutic applications. This review integrates findings from preclinical and early clinical studies focused on the molecular markers, functional attributes, and regenerative potential of oral MSCs. Attention was given to comparative analyses of their differentiation behaviors, immunomodulatory profiles, and interactions with biomaterials and molecular regulators. DPSCs and SHEDs demonstrate prominent neurogenic and osteogenic potential and release a secretome with neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic properties, supporting their use in disorders of the nervous system. DFSCs and PDLSCs possess strong osteogenic and cementogenic activity, combined with notable immunomodulation, making them suitable for periodontal and bone regeneration. GMSCs exhibit high proliferative efficiency, genomic stability, and robust anti-inflammatory actions, partly mediated by extracellular vesicles. SCAPs, residing in the apical papilla, maintain viability in inflamed environments and are pivotal in regenerative endodontics. Emerging evidence underscores the contribution of scaffolds and non-coding RNAs in enhancing the therapeutic performance of these cells across dento-alveolar, neuroregenerative, and immune-mediated conditions. A refined understanding of the distinctive properties and mechanisms of action of oral MSCs is essential for optimizing translational strategies and advancing toward standardized, predictable regenerative therapies in dentistry and related medical fields.
Endodontic irrigation is an indispensable component of successful root canal treatment, serving as a critical adjunct to mechanical instrumentation in achieving disinfection, smear layer removal, and debris dissolution. This comprehensive review delves into the contemporary landscape of endodontic irrigating solutions, meticulously evaluating their efficacy in achieving these objectives while considering their biocompatibility and clinical applicability. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains the cornerstone of irrigation protocols due to its potent antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving properties, yet its inherent cytotoxicity necessitates judicious application. Alternative irrigants, including chlorhexidine (CHX), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and emerging agents like QMix and MTAD, offer varying degrees of efficacy and biocompatibility. This review meticulously examines the mechanisms of action, advantages, and limitations of these solutions, underscoring the significance of understanding their interactions and the imperative for ongoing research to refine irrigation protocols for enhanced clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the review explores the impact of irrigation techniques, delivery systems, and the role of novel technologies in optimizing the effectiveness of irrigating solutions.
INTRODUCTION:Resin-based composites (RBCs) are among the most widely used materials for direct dental restorations due to their aesthetics and conservative preparation requirements. However, their clinical application remains highly technique-sensitive, and long-term outcomes are frequently compromised by complications. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the most common clinical challenges associated with direct composite restorations and assess awareness of these complications among dentists, dental students, and patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted for studies published between January 2010 and August 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty eligible studies were included, encompassing survey-based research, clinical follow-ups, and cross-sectional analyses across diverse populations. Quality assessment revealed methodological heterogeneity, with most studies rated as intermediate quality. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS:The most frequently reported complications included secondary caries, restoration fractures, marginal defects, postoperative hypersensitivity, and food impaction. Factors contributing to these failures were multifactorial, encompassing operator technique, material properties such as polymerization shrinkage and moisture sensitivity, patient-related behaviors including poor oral hygiene and parafunctional habits, and inadequate pre- and postgraduate training. Evidence further indicated that repair, rather than replacement, is often a conservative and effective management strategy. CONCLUSIONS:The success of composite restorations depends not only on material advancements but also on clinician skill, adherence to evidence-based protocols, and patient cooperation. Continuous professional education and preventive measures remain critical for reducing complications and improving restoration longevity.
INTRODUCTION:Laser treatment of venous malformations (VMs), frequently observed in the upper airway, has been recently proposed. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effectiveness of the laser in treating oropharyngeal VMs. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:Five electronic databases were searched: National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE-PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. OpenGrey was also searched to retrieve relevant grey literature. The analysis considered all the articles published from 1900 to 20/02/2023 excluding those still in the publication phase. Reference lists of included studies were manually searched for identification of other potential papers. Data on clinical characteristics of VMs, type and protocols of laser treatments, achieved outcomes and complications were collected and a qualitative analysis was performed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS:Nine studies were selected for data extraction. Nd:YAG laser was used in seven studies and diode laser in two studies. Almost all treated lesions had volume reduction >75%. No major complications had been reported. CONCLUSIONS:Although some clinical factors were not reported in most of the studies, the results showed that the LT could be an effective and minimally invasive therapeutic option in the treatment of VMs. Further clinical controlled trials can shed more light on the role of laser in the treatment of VMs.
BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone remodeling of implant with convergent neck walls positioned at the crestal and subcrestal levels. The remodeling of the bone and soft tissue is influenced by the surgical and restorative techniques and by the materials used. METHODS:The study analyzed 128 patients with 262 implants, comparing subcrestal (Site A) and crestal (Site B) placements. Radiographic evaluations at T0 and T1 (12 months) were used to collect standardized clinical data on oral conditions and implant stability. RESULTS:The success rate with implant osseointegration at 12 months was 100% in both groups. The discrepancy between the two bone remodeling averages, 12 months apart, in implants positioned at level A and implants positioned at level B, is minimal. The average between the mesial and distal bone remodeling for implants positioned at level A is -0.854 mm T1-T0 mesial and -0.512 mm distal and for implants positioned at level B is -0.45 mm T1-T0 mesial and -0.69 mm T1-T0 distal. CONCLUSIONS:The search for possible radiographic differences between the crestal and subcrestal positioning of the convergent neck implants, concludes by observing the lack of a statistically significant result but with important insights into the positioning method at level B. The average bone loss is favorable for crestal positioning (-0.57 mm) compared to subcrestal (-0.683 mm).
BACKGROUND:The aim of the current study is to compare the skeletal stability of single-plate versus double-plate osteosynthesis in anterior mandibular osteotomies. METHODS:A prospective case-control trial was planned, enrolling all the patients who reported to us for the correction of anterior mandibular issues, including patients planned for lower anterior sub-apical osteotomies and genioplasties. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups Group I (single plate fixation) and Group II (two plate fixation) based on the Lot method. The patients in each group were further divided into subgroups, with Subgroup A undergoing subapical setback and Subgroup B undergoing advancement genioplasty. All the patients underwent preoperative clinical and cephalometric evaluation (T1) to assess the magnitude of movement of the anterior mandibular segments. All the patients had an immediate post-operative cephalogram done (T2). They were under follow-up for 6 months to 3 years (T3), and the post-operative skeletal stability was assessed using COGS analysis on a lateral cephalogram between T3 and T2. Intraoperative time and postoperative neurosensory disturbances were the secondary outcomes that were measured. G power analysis was used to calculate the sample size, and statistical analysis used SPSS (version 23.0), employing ANCOVA for non-parametric tests (Quade's approach) with significance set at P<0.05. RESULTS:Twenty-six patients within the age group of 15 to 35 years (14 females, 12 males) were enrolled in the study. Thirteen patients were allocated to each group. Seven patients underwent genioplasty in group I and seven in group II, and six underwent subapical osteotomy in groups I and six in group II, respectively. The mean magnitude of subapical setback was 7 mm, while the magnitude of chin advancement was 8 mm, and this was comparable among the groups. The cephalometric evaluation involved the evaluation of vertical and horizontal distances of points B, Pog, and menton from the true horizontal and true vertical of COGS analysis. These parameters showed no statistically significant differences in the follow-up period (T3-T2) between single-plate and double-plate osteotomy groups for subapical osteotomies and genioplasties between age and sex-matched control groups. However, secondary outcomes, including neurosensory disturbances, intraoperative time, differed significantly (P<0.05) between groups and favored the use of single plate fixation. CONCLUSIONS:This clinical trial suggests that the choice between single-plate and double-plate osteosynthesis does not significantly affect skeletal stability following anterior mandibular osteotomies. However, significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes, indicating potential considerations for surgical approach in orthognathic procedures.
Lip arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are typically present at birth and can lead to progressive tissue destruction and functional and cosmetic issues. Their management is challenging due to the lack of standardized protocols and may involve both surgical and non-surgical approaches. The authors present a case of upper lip AVM with feeders bilaterally from both facial arteries and their superior labial branch arteries. Bilateral Gelfoam embolization of the labial arteries followed by surgical resection was performed. The upper lip was reconstructed using a bilateral advancement flap. The patient's intraoperative and postoperative courses were uneventful, and no recurrence was recorded. The functional and aesthetic results were good and satisfying for the patient at the 1-year follow-up. Upper lip AVMs can be managed through a combination of presurgical embolization and complete surgical resection. The use of a rapidly absorbable embolic material does not compromise the surgical resection procedure and reduces the risk of complications such as necrosis of the upper lip, especially in cases where it is necessary to embolize both upper labial arteries.
BACKGROUND:During excavation works for high-speed railway infrastructure in central Italy, at a depth of 430 cm in clayey-gravelly soil, a mandibular bone fragment was discovered together with metal artefacts. The find emerged in the context of geotechnical stabilization works aimed at ensuring ground support for the railway line. METHODS:The mandibular fragment, preserved with erupted teeth, was cleaned and analyzed by radiological tomography using software for morphometric and densitometric evaluation. A subsample was examined at a Nuclear Physics Centre for radioisotopic dating and to assess the individual's physical and nutritional status at the time of death. Comparative archaeological analyses were performed to identify the nature and chronology of the associated metal artefacts. RESULTS:Morphometric assessment confirmed the remains belonged to an adult primate of the Order Eutheria, with traits consistent with a human specimen. Radiological and isotopic studies yielded data on bone density, preservation, and temporal context. The artefacts displayed distinct morphological features attributable to manufactured tools. Archaeological comparison indicated they were most likely the tips of surgical instruments, dating to the Roman period (first century AD). CONCLUSIONS:This multidisciplinary investigation demonstrates the value of combining morphometric, radiological, radioisotopic, and archaeological analyses in reconstructing the biological and cultural significance of osteological finds. The evidence suggests the mandibular fragment belonged to an adult individual, and the associated artefacts can be interpreted as surgical instruments from the Roman era, providing rare insights into ancient medical practices.
BACKGROUND:The term "odontophobia" refers to a phenomenon of extreme fear of dentists and dental treatment in patients, and during dental treatment can make it difficult for dentists to manage their behavior, creating an obstacle to the success of the treatment itself. This study reports a cognitive survey on odontophobia in an Italian pediatric population. METHODS:The survey was structured anonymously, the "Face version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale" (MCDASf) questionnaire was used. In the sample analyzed, 140 participants,75 female and 65 male subjects, were included. The subjects were recruited in two different dental pediatric units. Every cohort was composed of 70 subjects. RESULTS:The total mean score on the questionnaire was 22.43 in cohort 1, and 23.46 in cohort 2. Dental extraction emerged as the situation that generated the most concern, with an average score of 4.13 and 3.94. Similarly, local anesthetic injections showed a high degree of anxiety with a mean score of 3.8 and 3.91, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:These findings highlight the need for an empathetic and targeted approach to address dental anxiety in all age groups to ensure positive experiences and promote optimal oral health. Ultimately, this research underscores the importance of addressing dental anxiety from an early age in order to provide as much support as possible to patients and promote a positive and comfortable dental environment.
BACKGROUND:The aim of this paper was to assess the quality of a dental chart to record the oro-functional conditions in a pediatric population, if a systematic and well-structured questionnaire plays a fundamental role in the correct diagnosis and treatment planning process. METHODS:The project was performed by auditing a "guided" dental chart formulated for subjects from 6-to-14 years-old, proposed by the International Medical University in Rome "UniCamillus," in the period between March 2022 to June 2024. The subjects included were visited by five dental expert examiners during a project coordinated by the same University. The form was divided into three parts: 1) a questionnaire for the parents regarding remote and current habits; 2) parental consent; 3) a dental chart, filled out by the examiners. At the end of the project each examiners received an anonymous satisfaction questionnaire regarding the dental chart validation. RESULTS:A total of 1033 charts were examined. Each chart was edited and validated by each examiner. None of the charts was discarded for inconsistencies/inadequacy. According to the examiner's questionnaire, the results reported that they were partially (60%) aware of the topic covered and that almost everyone (80%) was interested in deepening them; all the examiners (100%) easily filled out the chart and understood the language, supporting the validity of the project. CONCLUSIONS:Each expert examiner confirmed the chart validity during the clinical examination, supporting the importance that a complete and standardized method for data collection can be considered essential for a correct diagnosis and therapeutical effective plan, guarantees a proper maintenance of dental records for private/public clinical practice and facilitates data analysis in epidemiological investigations.
BACKGROUND:A pyogenic granuloma (PG) represents a swiftly proliferating benign vascular tumor situated in the skin or subcutaneous tissue, commonly observed as a reactive lesion in the orofacial area. This research intended to scrutinize the clinicopathological characteristics of pyogenic granulomas in the oral and maxillofacial region. METHODS:Seventy two participants, comprising 24 men (33%) and 48 women (67%), underwent surgical ablation of pyogenic granuloma in oral and maxillofacial regions utilizing 940nm and 980nm diode lasers. Standard tissue processing procedures were applied to all specimens, with subsequent slicing of paraffin-embedded blocks at a 5µm thickness for H & E staining. A microscopic examination via light microscopy was conducted on all slides to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS:All cases underwent pyogenic granuloma surgical laser ablation, with 53 individuals (74%) aged 30 years or younger, 19 (26%) aged 30 years or more, 52 (72%) have duration less than six months,, and 20 (28%) have a six months or more. CONCLUSIONS:Pyogenic granuloma emerges as a prevalent reactive lesion in the oral and maxillofacial domain. The diode laser demonstrates utility in oral and facial soft tissue surgery owing to its facile application, enhanced coagulation, avoidance of suturing, reduced swelling and pain, and its capacity for esthetically favorable outcomes, encompassing superior de-epithelialization, absence of bleeding, and improved repair. The roles of surgeons and pathologists are pivotal in diagnosing and treating pyogenic granuloma in oral and maxillofacial regions.
BACKGROUND:Gingival recession (GR) is a common issue causing plaque accumulation, root caries, abrasion, cervical wear, and dentin hypersensitivity. Studies show a prevalence of thick and thin gingival biotypes, with no significant association between age, gender, or recession. This study aims to use polynomial regression and exponential growth models to predict recession gain based on clinical data. GR is a common issue causing plaque accumulation, root caries, abrasion, cervical wear, and dentin hypersensitivity. Studies show a prevalence of thick and thin gingival biotypes, with no significant association between age, gender, or recession. This study aims to use polynomial regression and exponential growth models to predict recession gain based on clinical data. METHODS:The study analyzed recession coverage in upper and lower anterior teeth after connective tissue and free gingival grafting procedures from institute database. Data was preprocessed and analyzed using polynomial regression and exponential growth models. Polynomial regression allowed for nonlinear trends in recession gain, while exponential growth models provided insights into cumulative effects of specific factors on recession progression. RESULTS:The polynomial of degree 3 with the lowest MSE of 0.0612 fit best. This shows that cubic polynomials better represent the "Days"-"Gain Width" relationship than linear or higher-degree polynomials. The exponential growth model fitted to "Post Op" data predicts an initial value of 0.7735 and a growth rate of 0.0101. This model proposes that "Post Op" measurements expand exponentially, with predicted parameters reflecting this growth. CONCLUSIONS:Based on clinical data, this study compares polynomial regression and exponential growth models for periodontal recession gain prediction. The findings emphasize the need of proper mathematical models to better understand periodontal diseases and guide dental care prevention and treatment.
INTRODUCTION:During immediate dental implant placement, regenerative materials are often used to fill the peri-implant space following tooth extraction and implant insertion. One such material gaining popularity in contemporary dentistry is platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). This study aims to examine existing scientific literature to determine if PRF effectively promotes the filling of the peri-implant gap and regeneration of soft tissue in single-unit immediate dental implant placement compared to alternative materials. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:The systematic literature review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate, up to November 19, 2024. Selection criteria included studies on humans, written in English, and using PRF for the management of the peri-implant gap in immediate implantation. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS:Seven publications were reviewed: 2 studies compared PRF with blood clots, 2 with collagen and bone substitute, and 3 with bone substitute alone. Implant stability quotient results in slightly favoured PRF over blood clot and collagen with bone substitute, although results were inferior to bone substitutes alone. One study noted significant crestal bone improvement with PRF versus collagen and deproteinized bovine bone (DBB). One study reported higher resorption in the PRF group compared to DBB and beta-tricalcium phosphate at the buccal site. Control groups generally exhibited lower peri-implant pocket depths, though no significant differences were observed between groups across studies and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:PRF effectively promotes regeneration of the peri-implant hard and of soft tissue in single-unit immediate dental implant placement compared to control groups, although no significant differences were observed between alternative materials across studies and follow-up.
