Telehealth is done through the use of Information and Communication Technologies for the act of attending the health of patients remotely. Teleneuropsychology is an area in which the greatest developments have taken place through the implementation of remote psychological evaluations via online video conferencing platforms. To conduct evaluations, a variety of neuropsychological tests are used. To this effect, a new set of tests have been created, such as the Computerized Neuropsychological Screening Battery. The objective of this article is to describe the development, the functioning, and the application of a computerized screening battery created in the Neuropsychology and Psychophysiology Lab of the Faculty of Psychology at UNAM, which can be applied through tele neuropsychology and helps to evaluate the cognitive functions of the population aged 3 to85 years. The battery includes the evaluation of different cognitive domains, administering it takes about15 minutes. Scoring is done automatically and is given through an execution traffic signal for each cognitive domain. The results point to or not to a more extensive, thorough post evaluation. This Battery has norms obtained with a sample of 620 children and 2083 adults, the norms were established by age and schooling years. The recollected results from the online application and the norms do not show any significant differences, the way in which it is applied does not affect the results of the battery and can be useful when it is not possible to realize a face-to-face evaluation.
Perceived loneliness is a phenomenon that has been increasing worldwide and its effects tends to emphasize in adulthood. Previous studies have indicated its impact in physical and psychological health; in the last years it has been pointed out the negative outcomes on cognition, specifically executive functioning. According to this review, in adulthood there are some difficulties in theory of mind, empathy and executive functioning which is related to dysfunction in the temporoparietal junction, the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex, among others. This is associated to a decline in the performance in sociocognitive tasks such as Faux Pas test or those of moral judgment. As a result of this review, it is important to have more information about this phenomenon to develop accurate programs that provide a better quality of life.
Executive functions (EF) enable to engage successfully goal -directed behaviors, while Social Cognition (SC) are the processes that subserve diverse and flexible social behaviors. Both are altered in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ADHD, being of great importance for the diagnosis and intervention, particularly at school age. The present study aims to analyze the subtests that compose a computerized neuropsychological battery named: "Evaluation of Executive Functions and Social Cognition in School -Age Children (EFECS)" and to describe its psychometric properties in two groups of children, one of typical development (n= 138) and another with ADHD (n= 96). Acceptable internal consistency levels were obtained, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients from .70 to .85. Through factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory), evidence was provided that the items loaded and adjusted in the theoretically expected factors for each construct, in addition to that the FE tasks discriminated in 73.9% and the CS in 53.9% the belonging of a child with ADHD to his clinical group. The analyzes showed good psychometric properties of EFECS battery, so it can serve as a tool for the assessment and diagnosis in different clinical populations.
Acquired brain injury is one of the leading causes of death in the world's adult population. Even though science has advanced enough to guarantee the survival of many of these patients, a large percentage have cognitive sequelae, so much so that neuropsychology was born to detect these alterations and, thus, develop cognitive training programs. Even so, the consequences have been neglected on a psychological level. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to verify whether adult patients with acquired brain damage (n = 29) differed from a control group (n = 49) on certain psychological variables such as impulsivity, alexithymia, empathy, expression and anger trait, and emotional decoding. Second, we tried to analyze whether the relationships between the aforementioned variables differed in each of group. The results revealed that the group of patients showed greater impulsivity and alexithymia traits, but less perspective taking and ability to decode emotions, compared to the control group. Regarding the second objective, in both groups, greater impulsivity implied greater features of alexithymia and anger; in turn, greater alexithymia was also positively related to anger. Therefore, our results reinforce the need to implement psychotherapeutic intervention programs along with cognitive training. Likewise, we highlight the importance of these programs in analyzing the psychological evolution of patients, given their impact on the success of neuropsychological interventions.
Introduction: The assessment of visual perception in people with brain injury usually focuses on the identification of negative disorders (the most paradigmatic example being agnosias). This overlooks the fact that positive disorders (such as hallucinations or visual illusions) may also coexist. Case report: A 60 -year -old man who consulted to the emergency ward of a general hospital for severe headache. Cerebral MRI angiography showed a right occipito-temporal ischaemic lesion. Five months after the stroke, he attended a neuropsychology outpatient clinic. During the visit he reported that he was experiencing abnormal visual phenomena. Specifically, he describes visual illusions in the form of polyopia (vision of multiple replicas of a present object) and palinopsia (permanence of stimuli in the absence of stimuli). Conclusion: Patients with occipito-temporal lesions may present visual perceptual disturbances in the form of visual illusions.
Temporal discounting is a construct associated with decision -making processes, in which the outcome of the choice can be affected when considering its consequences by the variation of the "waiting time". Thus, "temporal discounting" refers to a decision mediated by a reward that "loses value" over time, despite being "beneficial". This type of decision -making has been studied from different perspectives in both animal models and humans. The responses to these decisions have been categorized as being related to self-control when the "larger" reward is chosen and, in turn, delayed in time or, on the other hand, to impulsivity, when a "smaller" but immediate reward is chosen. Dopamine and serotonin have been implicated as neurotransmitters modulating these types of decisions; also, linking to the activation of circuits specifically involving the prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, amygdala, and subthalamic nuclei. This theoretical -reflexive manuscript aimed to address temporal discounting, their cognitive influences, and neural bases, as well as their variations in case of brain damage.
This article has been proposed as a theoretical -analytical review that sought to determine the implications of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the functioning of the central nervous system. For this purpose, a systematic search was carried out that covered the conceptualization and characteristics of ECT, as well as studies that support its efficacy and describe the populations in which it is indicated and its adverse effects. ECT is a medical procedure based on the induction of brain electrical stimulation to generate favorable neurochemical changes in certain psychiatric pathologies that, due to their severity or patient conditions, do not respond to pharmacological effects. This procedure, although it is usually effective and safe, may generate certain side effects or implications for the treated person, which will depend on the response or reaction of the organism and other individual conditions; in this regard, transient cognitive deficits and adverse organic reactions associated with the anesthetic have been described in the literature.
This research sought to characterize the functioning of learning processes under the influence of artistic expressions in elementary school children. The research was developed with a quantitative approach and a comparative-correlational design, with sample selection by a non-probabilistic model. Sixty participants were included, equally distributed in two groups; a group of children who practice artistic expressions and another group called "control", with children who dont practice artistic expressions. The instruments used for data collection evaluated phonological processes, reading, writing, logical-mathematical skills, recognition of spatially inverted letters and numbers, visual organization, and problem-solving ability. The logical-mathematical function based on an oral arithmetic capacity stood out, which represented a greater fluency in the older children and with more time practicing artistic expressions. In addition, immersion in artistic activities is directly associated with higher word recognition attainment with increasing age, thus tending to minimize reading errors. Likewise, as children grow older, they achieve superior performance in art-influenced learning processes, leading them to integrate knowledge of the educational environment related to their artistic interests, thus providing skills that favor strategies regarding the challenges of the teaching-learning process.
Awake craniotomy (AC) requires a multidisciplinary management due to trans operative awareness, which benefits the tumor resection and neurologic preservation, but it also implies risks for the patient cooperation during the procedure. This article describes the benefits and complications in patients operated under AC. Besides, it approaches the documented challenges for both the professional team and patients, who have an active role during surgery. In this regard, the criteria for selection and psychological and neuropsychological preparation before and during surgery are set out. It suggests considerations to achieve a successful procedure and to avoid possible long- term psychological sequelae, as a resource for the protocol of this type of procedures based on our experience.
Congenital heart diseases are considered to be an anomaly which alter the irrigation and the adequate exchange of oxygenation to the main veins and arteries. They can have neurodevelopmental consequences that could translate into psychomotor retardation, learning deficits, academic difficulties, and social integration problems. Cognitive empowerment based on the mechanics and robotics principles of LEGO (R) Education is proposed to improve cognitive disorders. In this study, the objective was to measure the effect of an intervention program, based on the use of assembly and robotic programming with LEGO (R) Education, upon basic frontal functions as a first approach to a proposed model in congenital heart disease patients who have undergone cardiovascular surgery. This was a case-series study, in which a girl and two boys with congenital heart disease with RACHS 2 and 3, completed the treatment. BANFE-2 subscales and the neuropsychological questionnaire of frontal damage were applied before and after the treatment; as well as a scale to measure the level of performance per intervention, through all the eight sessions. The BANFE-2 scale showed changes in the means of frontal functions, from mild-moderate damage and normal to high normal, mainly in working memory and verbal fluency. In this first approach, LEGO (R) Education method proved to be a useful tool for the neuropsychological empowerment of these patients.
This research aimed to determine the influence of sports practice on the performance of executive functions and, in turn, to inquire whether the individual and/or group performance of sports establishes differences in the development of these cognitive skills and the possible associated relationships to training times. To do this, a quantitative, comparative-correlational design methodology was established. The sample consisted of 100 participants between 18 and 25 years of age of both genders, divided into three groups, one for individual sports, another for athletes with group activity, and a control group with people without participation in sports activities. For example, greater performance was found in planning functions, working memory, inhibitory control and attention subtypes by those who practiced some type of sport, independent of the execution modality; Despite the fact that, for some cognitive functions, participating in a group sport generated higher scores in the proposed tasks and, in others, the advantage was presented by the members of individual sports. Likewise, it was established that there is a relationship between weekly training time and the performance of executive activity; This allowed to corroborate the influence of sports activity on underlying cognitive functioning on the frontal lobes.
Neuropsychology is developing and migrating to other areas such as the judicial, where the forensic neuropsychologist helps the judge to make fair and impartial decisions, however, the phenomenon of the simulation of neurocognitive deficits with the purpose of obtaining secondary gains is born as a problem. This article aims to address this phenomenon through a bibliographic systematization, establishing a theoretical-comprehensive framework of the phenomenon, as well as identifying the main tools for its detection. Thus, sections are outlined that form a common thread that show as a result that the detection of the simulation of neurocognitive deficits is a complex, multidimensional task and that it should have a holistic approach, therefore, it is necessary to continue researching in this regard. to perfect its results identification methods.
espanolEl consumo temprano de marihuana afecta la maduracion de habilidades cognitivas complejas que ocurre durante la adolescencia y adultez temprana; sin embargo, los estudios acerca del efecto del consumo sobre las habilidades de cognicion social no son concluyentes. En el presente estudio se analizo el desempeno en tareas de razonamiento social y funciones ejecutivas de 18 adultos jovenes hombres con consumo de marihuana (edad: 18.94 anos, DE = 3.4) y que fueron comparados con un grupo sin consumo de sustancias (edad: 19.22 anos; DE = 2.5). Los hombres jovenes con consumo de marihuana puntuaron significativamente mas bajo que el grupo sin consumo en las cuatro subpruebas de razonamiento social (juicio: p = .007, absurdos: p = .001, causas: p = .034 y consecuencias: p = .01) y en tres de las cinco tareas de funcionamiento ejecutivo utilizadas (aciertos en clasificacion de cartas: p = .01, clasificacion semantica: p = .03, errores en metamemoria: p = .047). El tiempo de consumo (p = .008) y el nivel de dependencia (p = .004) correlacionaron negativamente con la puntuacion en la subprueba de identificacion de causas sociales y con los puntajes de clasificacion semantica. El consumo de marihuana durante la adolescencia afecta la capacidad de emitir juicios, detectar causas y consecuencias con un contenido social; el tiempo de consumo y el nivel de dependencia muestran un mayor efecto negativo sobre estas habilidades de cognicion social. EnglishEarly marihuana consumption impact on the development of complex cognitive abilities, that occurs during adolescence. However, studies about drug consumption and social reasoning are not conclusive. In the present study we analyzed the performance on social reasoning and executive functions tasks in 18 male adolescents who used cannabis (age: 18.94, SD = 3.4). Their executions were compared with the ones of the group of non-consumers (age: 19.22; SD = 2.5). Adolescents that used marihuana performed significantly lower than non-users on all social cognition subtests (judgment: p = .007, absurds: p = .001, causes: p = .034 and consequences: p = .01) and on three of the five executive functions tasks (card sorting test: p = .01, semantic classification: p = .03, metamemory: p = .047). Time of consumption (p = .008) and level of dependence (p = .004) negatively correlate with absurd recognition and semantic classification subtests. Cannabis consumption significantly affect the capacity to elaborate judgements, and to detect causes and consequences with a social content; time of marihuana consumption and the level of dependence show the bigger negative effect on social cognition abilities.
espanolLas mujeres con trasplante renal (TR) suelen cursar un embarazo de alto riesgo, pues son mas susceptibles a presentar complicaciones medicas. Aunado a este hecho pueden presentar alteraciones en su estado emocional y psicologico durante y despues del embarazo, lo que impactaria directamente en el estilo de crianza y desarrollo posterior del nino. Se desconoce como son los estilos de crianza en los hijos de las mujeres con TR y el posible impacto en su funcionamiento cognoscitivo. El presente trabajo tuvo dos objetivos: 1) determinar si existian diferencias en los estilos de crianza y las funciones cognoscitivas de los hijos de mujeres con trasplante renal en comparacion con los hijos de mujeres sanas y 2) identificar la asociacion entre las variables asociadas al riesgo en el embarazo y los estilos de crianza con las funciones cognoscitivas. Para ello fueron reclutados de diversos centros de trasplantes 23 ninos (9 casos y 14 controles) de 7-15 anos con sus respectivas madres a quienes se evaluo mediante el WISC-IV y el cuestionario CRPBI. Las madres fueron evaluadas con el cuestionario BRIEF, el cuestionario PCRI-M y el BDI-II. Se realizo un diseno transversal con alcance correlacional. No se encontraron diferencias entre el grupo caso y control en los estilos de crianza ni en las funciones cognoscitivas. Sin embargo, si se encontro asociacion entre los estilos de crianza y las funciones cognoscitivas. Un estilo en el que predomine la comunicacion y la disciplina se asocia con mejores resultados cognoscitivos y conductuales EnglishPregnancy in Kidney Transplant (KT) recipients is usually considered of high risk. KT recipients are susceptible to have obstetric complications. Studies report that KT recipients are at higher risk of experiencing distress during and after pregnancy, situation that may have an impact in parenting styles and child’s development. Characteristics of parenting styles in KT recipients’ offspring and its possible impact in cognitive functions remain unknown. The aims of the study were: 1) to determine if there are differences in parenting styles and cognitive functions among KT recipients’ offspring and healthy women’s offspring, and 2) to identify associations between high risk pregnancy variables, parenting styles and cognitive functions. Twenty-three children (9 cases and 14 controls) aged 8-15 years and their mothers were assessed with the (WISC-V) and the CRPBI. Mothers were asked to complete BRIEF, PCRI-M, BDI-II and a socioeconomic status instrument. A transversal correlational design was performed. No differences were found between case and control group in parenting styles or cognitive functions. However, an association between parenting styles and cognitive functions was found. Being raised with communication and discipline is associated with increased cognitive results.
espanolEl VIH/SIDA es una enfermedad neurotropica que afecta al sistema nervioso central y dependiendo de la fase clinica de la enfermedad genera deterioro neurologico, psiquiatrico y neuropsicologico en grado variable. Se describe el caso de un paciente que presento un cuadro de deterioro cognitivo severo (demencia SIDA) con posterior mejoria de signos y sintomas, y establecimiento posterior de secuelas neuropsicologicas despues de un ano de su diagnostico. Se comparo una evaluacion neuropsicologica en etapa de deterioro cognitivo severo con otra de seguimiento, realizada un ano despues de iniciar el tratamiento antirretroviral. Se presentan las caracteristicas clinicas del paciente utilizando el estudio de caso como herramienta metodologica y sobre la base de un procedimiento clinico y psicometrico. EnglishHIV/AIDS is a neurotropic disease that affects the central nervous system and depending on the clinical phase of the disease generates neurological, psychiatric and neuropsychological impairment to varying degrees. The case of a patient who presented severe cognitive impairment (AIDS dementia) is described with subsequent remission of signs and symptoms, and establishment of neuropsychological sequelae after one year of diagnosis. A neuropsychological evaluation in stage of severe cognitive impairment was compared with another follow-up one year after initiating antiretroviral treatment. The clinical characteristics of the patient are presented using the case study as a methodological tool and based on a clinical and psychometric procedure.
espanolLa esclerosis multiple (EM) es una enfermedad inflamatoria cronica que cursa con la desmielinizacion y la neurodegeneracion a nivel del sistema nervioso central. Existen tres tipos de EM en funcion de la progresion de la enfermedad, pero la mayor parte de los pacientes tienden a presentar deficits cognitivos. Por lo tanto, resulta imprescindible el desarrollo de programas de entrenamiento cognitivos dirigidos a la mejora de estos deficits y, en definitiva, a la mejora de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. En este sentido, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue la puesta en marcha de un programa de entrenamiento cognitivo dirigido a un paciente con esclerosis multiple progresiva primaria (EMPP) a lo largo de un ano. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que algunos de los deficits cognitivos que presento inicialmente el paciente mejoraron tras varios meses de intervencion. En este sentido, el paciente presento notables mejoras en el control inhibitorio y la flexibilidad cognitiva. No obstante, los deficits en la velocidad de procesamiento se mantuvieron constantes a lo largo de toda la intervencion. Asimismo, aparecieron otros deficits a lo largo de la intervencion que remitieron tras la adecuacion de los objetivos de intervencion. Por todo ello, nuestro estudio reforzo la importancia de la puesta en marcha de los programas de rehabilitacion cognitiva dirigidos a pacientes con enfermedades desmielinizantes para paliar las secuelas cognitivas derivadas de las mismas. Ademas, es importante que estos programas de entrenamiento cognitivo sean revisados periodicamente para adecuar los objetivos del tratamiento. EnglishMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves demyelination and neurodegeneration at the level of the central nervous system. Despite the different characteristics of each of the three types of MS, most patients with this disease present significant cognitive deficits. Therefore, it is essential to develop cognitive training programs to improve these deficits and, ultimately, increase the quality of life of these patients. Thus, the main objective of this study was to implement a one-year cognitive training program with a patient with progressive primary multiple sclerosis (PPMS). The results showed that some of the cognitive deficits the patient initially presented improved after several months of intervention. In this regard, the patient presented noteworthy improvements in inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. However, deficits in processing speed remained constant throughout the intervention. Likewise, other deficits appeared during the intervention that remitted after adapting the intervention objectives to the patient’s needs. Therefore, our study reinforces the importance of implementing cognitive rehabilitation programs for patients with demyelinating diseases to alleviate the cognitive sequelae they produce. In addition, it is important to evaluate these cognitive training programs periodically in order to adapt the objectives and improve the patient's functionality.
espanolObjetivos: el Comite de Practica Inter Organizacional (IOPC) convoco a un grupo de trabajo para brindar una guia rapida sobre teleneuropsicologia (TeleNP) en respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodos: un panel colaborativo de expertos de las principales organizaciones profesionales de USA desarrollo una guia provisional para la practica de neuropsicologia clinica durante la pandemia. Dicho panel incluyo la Academia Americana de Neuropsicologia Clinica/Junta Americana de Neuropsicologia Clinica, la Academia Nacional de Neuropsicologia, la Division 40 de la Asociacion Americana de Psicologia, la Junta Americana de Neuropsicologia Profesional y la Asociacion Americana de Servicios de Psicologia. El grupo hizo una revision de la literatura disponible, recopilo las regulaciones federales, regionales y estatales, informacion de las aseguradoras y encuesto a los profesionales para identificar las mejores practicas para la TeleNP. Resultados: la literatura indica que la TeleNP puede ofrecer evaluaciones confiables y validas. Sin embargo, los clinicos deben tener en cuenta sus limitaciones, desarrollar nuevos procedimientos de consentimiento informado, reportar las modificaciones que realicen a los procedimientos estandarizados y establecer limitaciones a las conclusiones diagnosticas y recomendaciones. Limitaciones especificas afectan las evaluaciones de TeleNP en poblacion adulta mayor, ninos pequenos, personas con acceso limitado a la tecnologia y personas de contextos culturales y/o linguisticos diversos. La TeleNP puede no ser recomendada o derechamente inviable dependiendo de las caracteristicas especificas del paciente, las circunstancias y el motivo de derivacion. Se ofrecen consideraciones para la facturacion de los servicios de TeleNP con la observacion de que cada clinico verifique los procedimientos de manera independiente. Adicionalmente, se proporciona orientacion sobre aspectos tecnicos y consejos para los procedimientos de TeleNP. Conclusiones: este documento ofrece una guia provisional con enlaces a recursos y pautas establecidas para la telepsicologia. Las recomendaciones especificas se extienden para la practica de la TeleNP. Estas recomendaciones pueden ser revisadas conforme evolucionen las circunstancias mediante actualizaciones publicadas continuamente en OPC.online. EnglishObjective: The Inter Organizational Practice Committee (IOPC) convened a workgroup to provide rapid guidance about teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A collaborative panel of experts from major professional organizations developed provisional guidance for neuropsychological practice during the pandemic. The stakeholders included the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology/American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology, the National Academy of Neuropsychology, Division 40 of the American Psychological Association, the American Board of Professional Neuropsychology, and the American Psychological Association Services, Inc. The group reviewed literature, collated federal, regional and state regulations and information from insurers, and surveyed practitioners to identify best practices. Results: Literature indicates that TeleNP may offer reliable and valid assessments, but clinicians need to consider limitations, develop new informed consent procedures, report modifications of standard procedures, and state limitations to diagnostic conclusions and recommendations. Specific limitations affect TeleNP assessments of older adults, younger children, individuals with limited access to technology, and individuals with other individual, cultural, and/or linguistic differences. TeleNP may be contraindicated or infeasible given specific patient characteristics, circumstances, and referral questions. Considerations for billing TeleNP services are offered with reservations that clinicians must verify procedures independently. Guidance about technical issues and “tips” for TeleNP procedures are provided. Conclusion: This document provides provisional guidance with links to resources and established guidelines for telepsychology. Specific recommendations extend these practices to TeleNP. These recommendations may be revised as circumstances evolve, with updates posted continuously at OPC.online.
espanolLa rehabilitacion neuropsicologica es una terapia que busca mejorar la independencia y autonomia en pacientes que presentan dificultades cognitivas. El objetivo de la investigacion fue determinar la eficacia de un programa de rehabilitacion neuropsicologica en una paciente con diagnostico de trastorno neurocognitivo leve, tipo ejecutivo, asociado a trastorno limite de la personalidad, mediante el fortalecimiento de la atencion y de los procesos ejecutivos implicados en la memoria, bajo los principios de sustitucion y restitucion. Los instrumentos para establecer linea base y para medir el efecto del tratamiento fueron la escala de trastornos de la memoria y la escala de criterios del trastorno limite de la personalidad (TLP) basados en el DSM-V; estos instrumentos se le aplicaron a la paciente y tambien a su informador para comparar los datos. Los resultados arrojaron una mejoria estadistica en las puntuaciones de la escala de trastornos de la memoria y de la escala de criterios para el TLP-DSM-V; pasando de tener una puntuacion en memoria de 36 en linea base a 16 despues de la intervencion, tambien paso de tener 3 criterios para impulsividad a 1 criterio despues de la intervencion. Finalmente se establece la eficacia de la rehabilitacion neuropsicologica en los pacientes con TLP, no solo se evidencia mejoria en los sintomas cognitivos asociados a las dificultades en la memoria, sino que tambien se muestra disminucion en los sintomas psiquiatricos asociados con el control de los impulsos. EnglishNeuropsychological rehabilitation is a therapy that seeks to improve independence and autonomy in patients with cognitive difficulties. The objective of the investigation was to determine the efficacy of a neuropsychological rehabilitation program in a patient diagnosed with a mild neurocognitive disorder, executive type, associated with borderline disorder personality, by strengthening attention and executive processes involved in memory, under the principles of substitution and restitution. The instruments to establish a baseline and to measure the effect of treatment were the memory disorders scale and the DSM-V-based borderline personality disorder (BPD) criteria scale; these instruments were applied to the patient and also to her informant to compare the data. The results showed a statistical improvement in the scores of the memory disorders scale and the criteria scale for the BPD-DSM-V; going from having a memory score of 36 at baseline to 16 after the intervention, it also went from having three criteria for impulsivity to one criterion after the intervention. Finally, the efficacy of neuropsychological rehabilitation in patients with BPD is established, not only is there an improvement in the cognitive symptoms associated with memory difficulties, but also a decrease in the psychiatric symptoms associated with impulse control.
espanolLos ninos con trastorno por deficit de atencion con hiperactividad (TDAH) presentan fallas en diversos componentes de las funciones ejecutivas (FE) como en el control inhibitorio y la memoria de trabajo (MT), las cuales ademas pueden predecir alteraciones en la regulacion emocional (RE). Estas alteraciones son comunes en los ninos con TDAH y pueden manifestarse mediante fallas en la conducta social (CS). El presente estudio tiene un diseno de investigacion no experimental, transeccional correlacional-causal. El objetivo fue determinar que componente de las FE media la interaccion entre la RE y la CS en ninos con TDAH. Participaron 234 ninos de ambos sexos entre 6 y 12 anos distribuidos en dos grupos: 138 ninos con desarrollo tipico y 96 ninos con TDAH. Los resultados muestran que la MT fue el componente de las FE que medio de manera significativa la relacion entre la RE y la CS principalmente para el grupo con TDAH en presentacion combinada (β = -.16; IC 95% [-0.30, -0.01], p EnglishChildren with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present failures in various components of the executive functioning (EF) such as inhibitory control and working memory (WM), which can also predict alterations in emotional regulation (ER). These deficits are common in children with ADHD and it can be manifested through failures in social behavior (SB). The present study has a non-experimental, transectional correlational-causal research design. The aim was to determine which component of EF mediates the interaction between ER and SB in children with ADHD. 234 male and female children between 6 and 12 years old participated, divided in two groups: 138 children with typical development and 96 children with ADHD. The results show that WM was the component of EF that significantly mediated the relationship between ER and SB, mainly for the group with ADHD in combined presentation (β = -.16; 95% CI [-0.30, -0.01], p
espanolEsta investigacion se propuso determinar el funcionamiento neuropsicologico de los procesos de memoria y funciones ejecutivas en el lupus eritematoso sistemico (LES). Se planteo como un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de diseno comparativo-correlacional y siguiendo un modelo no probabilistico para la seleccion de la muestra. Participaron 68 personas divididas en dos grupos equitativos, homologos en edad, genero y nivel de escolaridad. Se emplearon escalas para la medicion de la funcionalidad en actividades cotidianas, y test estandarizados para la medicion de los procesos de memoria y funciones ejecutivas. Se encontro que, el LES afecta la memoria verbal para informacion con contexto, tanto en almacenes de corto como de largo plazo, y la memoria visual a largo plazo; los pacientes presentan mayores fenomenos patologicos asociados a intrusiones y perseveraciones, y afecta el reconocimiento de la informacion; tambien altera la regulacion conductual y la velocidad de procesamiento de la informacion, entre otras capacidades cognitivas, destacandose la tendencia al pensamiento concreto. Logro determinarse que el LES dificulta el funcionamiento de estos procesos cognitivos de forma diversa en sus diferentes formas de actividad funcional, siendo susceptible de modificar su influencia al considerarse factores como la edad, el tiempo en que tarda en establecerse el diagnostico y el tiempo en tratamiento. portuguesEsta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o funcionamento neuropsicologico dos processos de memoria e funcoes executivas nos lupus eritematoso sistemico (LES). Para isso, foi proposto um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, design comparativo-correlacional e seguindo um modelo nao probabilistico para a selecao da amostra. Participaram 68 pessoas que foram divididas em dois grupos equitativos, pares em idade, genero e nivel de educacao. Foram usadas escalas para medir a funcionalidade em atividades diarias, bem como testes padronizados para a medicao de processos de memoria e funcoes executivas. Verificou-se que o LES afeta a memoria verbal para informacoes com contexto em armazenes de curto e longo prazo e em memoria visual de longo prazo; os pacientes apresentam mais fenomenos patologicos associados as intrusoes e perseveracoes, e afeta o reconhecimento da informacao; altera tambem a regulacao comportamental e a velocidade do processamento da informacao, entre outras habilidades cognitivas, destacando a tendencia ao pensamento concreto. Assim, determinou-se que o LES dificulta o funcionamento desses processos cognitivos de diferentes formas de atividade funcional, sendo suscetivel de modificar sua influencia quando sao considerados fatores como a idade, o tempo em que tardou para estabelecer-se o diagnostico e o tempo sob tratamento EnglishThis research aimed to determine the neuropsychological functioning of memory and executive functions processes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was proposed as a study with a quantitative approach, comparative-correlational design followed by a non-probabilistic model for sample selection. 68 participants were divided into two equitable groups, peers in age, gender and level of education. Scales were used to measure functionality in daily activities, and standardized tests for the measurement of memory and executive functions processes. It was found that SLE affects verbal memory for information with context in both short and long-term stores and long-term visual memory, patients present greater pathological phenomena associated with intrusions and perseverations and affects the recognition of information; it also alters the behavioral regulation and the speed of information processing, among other cognitive abilities, highlighting the tendency to concrete thinking. It was determined that SLE hinders the functioning of these cognitive processes in different ways and different forms of functional activity, being able to modify their influence by considering factors such as age, time it takes to establish the diagnosis and time in treatment.
