Semarang City Government is striving to build extensive pedestrian paths to enhance urban connectivity and support sustainable mobility. However, existing studies on walkability often overlook how inclusive design is perceived by diverse user groups, particularly in rapidly growing tropical cities. This study aims to examine public perceptions of inclusive pedestrian design using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire supported by go-along interviews, and to identify key factors influencing walkable environments in Semarang, Indonesia. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining go-along interviews and structured perception assessments with 254 respondents across 24 urban roads. This approach enables an in-depth understanding of user experiences while also capturing measurable evaluations of pedestrian infrastructure. The analysis focuses on critical dimensions of inclusive design, including accessibility, safety, comfort, connectivity, and environmental quality. Based on these dimensions, the findings indicate that, while pedestrian pathways are generally perceived as meeting basic user needs, several aspects require improvement, particularly in the continuity of guiding blocks, path elevation, and integration of green infrastructure. The study highlights that user perception is central to the success of pedestrian facilities, influencing usability, acceptance, and engagement. It contributes by integrating experiential and evaluative approaches to assess inclusive walkability and align design standards with user needs. Keywords: inclusive design, pedestrian path, urban, walkability
Damage and suboptimal management of irrigation systems pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity and national food security. Although Government Regulation No. 20 of 2006 concerning Irrigation regulates irrigation infrastructure as a means of supporting agricultural productivity and food security, the integration of irrigation governance within the framework of Law No. 18 of 2012 concerning Food remains implicitly regulated, raising normative issues regarding regulatory coherence and the legal relationship between irrigation infrastructure and food security in achieving SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). Using normative legal research methods combined with legal and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the role of irrigation infrastructure in supporting food security under Law No. 18 of 2012 and the function of irrigation infrastructure under Government Regulation No. 20 of 2006 in relation to food security objectives. The findings indicate that irrigation infrastructure is a crucial supporting element in the legal framework for food security under Law No. 18 of 2012, which supports agricultural productivity and food availability. In addition, the relationship between Government Regulation Number 20 of 2006 and Law Number 18 of 2012 shows the functional relationship between irrigation governance and food security in supporting sustainable development and SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger). Keywords: Food, Food Security, Irrigation Infrastructure
Every existing traditional settlement contains culture-specific identity or elements that can be tangible and intangible, one of which, if integrated, is the formation of cultural landscape. According to 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development, it is essential for every state or community to safeguard their cultural heritage in achieving sustainable settlement and community while embracing modernity. This study aims to explore and unravel the key biocultural characteristics of vernacular landscape within a rural, traditional Malay settlement on Batam Island. Theoretical framework based on Nature based Solutions (NbS) and cultural landscape principles are constructed as the basis for this study. Adopting an exploratory research design, qualitative fieldwork methods were employed for real-time data collection with Kampung Melayu in Batam, Indonesia selected as the case study. Findings highlight the undocumented local ecological practices and hidden roles of certain landscape elements shaped by Batam Malay community. Direct observation of twenty dwellings’ current landscape identified six typological variants useful to implement NbS into modern landscape planning through Malay practices. Ultimately, this study provides substantial insights that not only conceptualize the vernacular landscape architecture of Batam Malay dwellings, but also expand the role of NbS in heritage preservation, in this context, preserving the Malay cultural landscape. Keywords: Batam; cultural preservation; Malay landscape; nature-based solutions; traditional settlement
This study examines how mosque architecture in tropical contexts functions as a spatial medium for expressing religious moderation (wasatiyyah) through the integration of environmental adaptation, cultural symbolism, and social inclusivity. Using a qualitative comparative approach, the research analyzes two contrasting cases in Surakarta, Indonesia: the Masjid Agung Keraton Surakarta as a representation of traditional architecture, and the Masjid Sheikh Zayed Surakarta as a contemporary model. An analytical framework combining tropical passive design strategies and indicators of religious moderation, namely inclusivity, balance, and adaptability is employed to examine how architectural elements construct socially integrative religious spaces. The findings reveal two complementary models of moderation: (1) contextual–local moderation, characterized by cultural continuity, cosmological integration, and gradual acculturation; and (2) global– integrative moderation, characterized by monumental expression, global–local synthesis, and symbolic diplomacy. The study further demonstrates that sustainability and religious moderation are intrinsically interconnected, whereenvironmental strategies such as ventilation, shading, and spatial openness simultaneously enhance thermal performance and social interaction. Theoretically, this research contributes by positioning mosque architecture as a mediating interface that integrates environmental performance, cultural identity, and socio-religious values. These findings offer new insights into how built environments can embody moderation and support social sustainability in plural societies. Keywords: religious moderation (wasatiyyah), sustainable tropical architecture, mosque architecture, inclusivity, cultural integration, Indonesia.
The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified showrooming behavior, where customers evaluate products in-store but purchase them online. For Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with limited physical resources, this poses a significant threat. Furthermore, there is a lack of practical research addressing this challenge specifically through the strategic lens of retail interior design. This study aims to identify strategic interior design elements that effectively strengthen brand perception, awareness, and customer engagement to mitigate the showrooming phenomenon. Employing a qualitative multiple-case study methodology, data were triangulated through observations and interviews with customers, practitioners, and academics associated with three local brands in Bandung (Niion, Humblezing, and Visval). The analysis identified five primary spatial elements: consistent visual identity, storytelling through interior elements, flexible display and layout, multisensory experiences, and seamless offline-online integration. These findings not only provide empirical evidence that strengthens the theoretical framework of Westermann et al. (2023) and deepens the research of Raja et al. (2023), but also complement the studies by Wang and Wang (2022) and Frasquet and Ieva (2024), which have not thoroughly highlighted the spatial aspects. Thus, the primary novelty of this research lies in bridging the gap between retail interior design studies and the current showrooming challenge in Indonesia by producing a strategic framework that MSMEs can apply to transform physical retail into a medium for brand experience and recognition. Keywords: brand awareness; brand perception; customer engagement; interior element; showrooming
