Interbank interest rates and Treasury Bill (TB) yields of maturities of three and six months move together, but not 12 months, under a "quantitative and qualitative easing policy." On the other hand, interbank interest rates and TB yields of maturities of 3, 6, and 12 months move together under a "negative interest rate policy." Interbank and TB markets are partially integrated up to the 6-month maturity as a short-term money market under a "quantitative and qualitative easing policy," while interbank and TB markets are integrated up to the 12-month maturity as a short-term money market under a "negative interest rate policy." This indicates that the arbitrage of interbank and TB markets works. Practitioners of the interbank market are limited to financial institutions, but those of TB markets also include non-financial institutions.
Management Information Systems (MIS) is the usage of information systems at the operational, tactical, and strategic levels so that businesses are aided in the achievement of goals. (Oprea, 2007) While the use of MIS is already quite common, its many benefits have lately piqued the interest of researchers. The researcher conducted the study to identify the effectiveness and efficiency resulting from MIS use. Adonie, et al., (2007) suggested that organizational effectiveness and efficiency can be assessed by looking at customer service, financial management, and operations management. For the case of MMI Company, in terms of customer service, employees become more engaged and MIS significantly allowed them to become more productive and efficient at work, overall the employees are satisfied with the current MIS being used by the company. In terms of operations management, the MIS is able to deliver accurate data and information is easily accessed by its users. The employees agree that it reduced the amount of workload they have, it also made their work easier, it saved a lot of their time because everything they need is within the system already. And with regards to financial investment, the MIS as helped make better decisions with regards to their financial since better analysis, and balance sheets are created with the use of the system, it also paved way to create a better understanding with regards to the company’s financial data, the benefits of the MIS outweigh the cost associated with it. Not only did it benefit the employees a lot, but the impact it gave to the financials of the company is substantial.
The main objectives of this study were to examine the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) agricultural exports to the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the tuning of the Agricultural Commodity Frequency Index (ACFI) to non-tariff measures (NTMs), and the coverage ratio of goods to determine the effects of the PRC’s NTMs on Lao PDR’s agricultural exports using a demand export model with a fixed-effect method. The authors found that Lao PDR’s agricultural exports to the PRC increased by an average of 46.91% from 2013 to 2020, covering a total of 51 product codes, comprising six of the most valuable product types (i.e., bananas, corn, tapioca flour, watermelon, sticky rice, and sweet potato) given priority by the PRC. Additionally, from 2013 to 2020, the average ACFI concentration with NTMs was 10.08%, and the average coverage ratio for goods was 14.43%. The results of statistical significance testing at 1% suggest that three factors demonstrated the most significant impact on value: agricultural products facing NTMs in the form of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical barriers to trade (TBTs), treaties with priority conditions regarding SPSs and priorities for agricultural products, and the real gross domestic product (GDP) of the PRC. Furthermore, a PRC GDP increase of 1% resulted in a 3.1235% impact on Lao PDR exports.
The practice of real earnings management (REM) or earnings manipulation through the company's real activities is increasingly widespread. Companies that want to achieve profit targets have switched from accrual-based to REM, especially in the firm family owner, who is an active manager. Our study aims to determine whether family ownership in a company will be a factor in the existence of greater REM practices. The authors collected 2,613 observational data from non-financial companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2013–2018 using a purposive sampling method and then analyzed using panel random effect (RE) regression. The results show that family ownership significantly negatively affects abnormal operating cash flow which means that family firms are more likely to reduce operating cash flow to report higher income than non-family firms. Thus, it can be concluded that family firms in Indonesia are more likely to be involved in REM than non-family firms.
