Cerebral palsy (CP) is associated with heterogeneous functional limitations that influence children’s participation and quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to examine the predictive contributions of functional capacity classification systems, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS), to multidimensional QOL outcomes in children with CP. This cross-sectional study included 125 children with CP aged 4-12 years. Caregivers completed the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children (CP QOL-Child). Functional classifications were determined through structured online observation and caregiver interviews. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the effects of functional capacity classifications on seven QOL domains. MACS emerged as the most consistent predictor, significantly contributing to six QOL domains: social well-being and acceptance (p = 0.006), participation and physical health (p <0.001), emotional well-being (p <0.001), access to services (p = 0.007), pain and impact of disability (p <0.001), and family health (p <0.001). GMFCS showed a domain-specific effect, predicting emotional well-being only (p<0.001). EDACS demonstrated limited predictive value, contributing significantly to functioning (p = 0.001) and participation and physical health (p = 0.003). Explained variance ranged from 12% to 44%, with emotional well-being showing the strongest model. Manual ability classification plays a central role in shaping QOL in children with CP. Rehabilitation should prioritize upper-extremity function alongside participation and family-centered approaches.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nursing students’ comfort zone orientation and their attitudes toward brain drain and to determine whether academic achievement plays a mediating role in this relationship. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional descriptive design with 275 nursing students who were reached through an online survey via snowball sampling between December 25, 2024, and March 15, 2025. Data were collected using a Descriptive Information Form, the Attitude Scale Towards Brain Drain in Nursing Students and the Comfort Zone Orientation Scale. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, hierarchical multiple regression, and bootstrap mediation analysis with 5000 resamples (p<0.05). The mean brain drain attitude score was 48.25±14.23 and the mean comfort zone orientation score was 29.75±8.52. A significant positive relationship was identified between brain drain attitude and comfort zone orientation (r=0.587; p<0.001). Hierarchical regression results showed that comfort zone orientation remained a significant predictor of brain drain attitude after controlling for demographic variables and grade point average (β=0.287; p<0.001), and the final model explained 39.1% of the variance. Mediation analysis indicated a partial mediating role of grade point average, with an indirect effect of 0.175 explaining 29.8% of the total effect (bootstrap 95% CI: 0.113–0.237). Overall, nursing students’ attitudes toward brain drain were associated not only with external conditions but also with comfort zone orientation and academic achievement. These findings indicate that strengthening career adaptation and psychological resilience within nursing education and providing individualized academic support mechanisms may help develop strategies aimed at reducing brain drain tendencies.
This study was conducted to examine the perspectives of the families of children attending a special education vocational school regarding physical education and sports classes. In this study, a holistic case study design, a qualitative research method, was employed. The participants in the study were the families of students with special needs who are enrolled at the Special Education Vocational School in the city center of Muş. Content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained through a semi-structured interview form. The results identified three main themes: curriculum, developmental integrity, and sports as a profession, comprising a total of seven subthemes: demand for expansion, physical fitness, distributing classes across different days, individuality, being part of life, social acceptance, and a guarantee for the future. In line with this theme and its subthemes, some participants reported that physical education and sports classes in the curriculum are insufficient and should be distributed over the entire week. All participants noted that physical education and sports classes contribute to students’ health, personal development, and socialization; that they want their children to choose sports as a career; that these classes help keep children away from bad habits; and that they have a unifying effect on society. It has been observed that parents hold differing views on whether the number of physical education and sports class hours in the curriculum is sufficient. In conclusion, parents expressed a shared view that physical education and sports classes provide numerous benefits to students with special needs and should be distributed throughout the entire week. It was found that some parents were willing for their children to pursue sports as a profession.
The objective of this study was to examine the levels of sportsmanship and sport commitment among students enrolled in sports management programmes and to determine whether these variables differed according to demographic characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, professional status, and participation in a sports branch. Understanding these variables is important for evaluating the ethical values and long-term engagement tendencies of future sport managers. A relational survey model and causal-comparative design were employed. Data were collected through face-to-face administration of the Sportsmanship Scale and the Sports Commitment Scale. The sample consisted of sports management students studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences at Istanbul Gelisim University. The normality of data distribution was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, which indicated non-normal distribution (p<.05). Therefore, non-parametric tests were applied. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine group differences, and Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the variables. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in sportsmanship and sport commitment levels according to gender (p>.05). However, a statistically significant positive relationship was found between sportsmanship and sport commitment (r =.563, p<.05). In conclusion, higher sportsmanship levels are associated with stronger sport commitment among sports management students.
The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of dynamic taping, kinesio taping, and placebo taping applied to the upper extremity on scapular dyskinesis and sport-specific performance in adolescent male basketball players. A total of 45 active male basketball players aged 13–18 years were included and randomly assigned to dynamic taping (n=15), kinesio taping (n=15), or placebo groups (n=15). Scapular dyskinesis assessment, the Upper Extremity Y Balance Test, the medicine ball throw test, and the lay-up test were performed before taping and repeated immediately after the intervention. In the kinesio taping group, significant improvements were observed in medicine ball throw performance, lay-up performance, and most directions of the Upper Extremity Y Balance Test (p= .001–.023). Scapular dyskinesis scores also showed significant improvement (p=.003). In the dynamic taping group, significant enhancements were detected in overhead throwing distance, lay-up performance, and scapular dyskinesis parameters (p<.05), with particularly pronounced effects in lay-up performance and correction of scapular dyskinesis. In contrast, no significant changes were found in most performance and clinical parameters in the placebo group (p>.05). Between-group comparisons revealed significant differences in lay-up performance and scapular dyskinesis changes (p<.05). In conclusion, both dynamic and kinesio taping appear to provide immediate benefits in scapular control and sport-specific performance in adolescent basketball players, with dynamic taping demonstrating a more pronounced effect on performance outcomes.
Purpose: This article examines the specific training challenges and methods for male 1500-meter runners at the pre-elite level. Success in middle-distance running requires a balance between aerobic capacity, speed endurance, racing strategy, and a profound understanding of the physiological, biomechanical, and psychological factors that influence performance. Studies emphasize the importance of incorporating high-intensity running, endurance training, and proper recovery into training regimens. Despite advancements in sports science, a consensus on optimal training protocols for this event remains elusive. Method: To address these challenges, the study employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to explore the relationships between 1500-meter performance and specific training variables. The research involved 16 pre-elite male athletes from a national team, analyzing their training data and performance metrics. The statistical values are evaluated by the Bartlett test at a significant level of p < 0.05 and KMO index = 0.786. Results: Strong correlations between 1500-meter performance and specific training distances. The first principal component showed a significant link to 1500m performance (r = 0.949), as well as to training distances of 1000 meters (r = 0.925), 1200 meters (r = 0.832), and 500 meters (r = 0.716). The importance of tailored training programs that address the unique needs of each athlete. Conclusion: This study highlights the complexities of training pre-elite male 1500-meter runners and emphasizes the value of individualized, systematic approaches. By identifying key correlations between training methods and performance, the research provides valuable insights for optimizing training protocols and enhancing athletic outcomes in middle-distance running.
This study aimed to compare the perceived stress, aggression, and anger levels of physically disabled athletes according to age, gender, perceived income level, years of athletic experience, and type of sport (individual or team), and to examine the relationships among these variables. The study employed a relational screening model and was conducted with 149 physically disabled athletes aged 18 years and older who were actively involved in sports in private clubs across Turkey. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Sports Aggression and Anger Scale (SAAS). The results showed that anger and SAAS scores differed significantly according to type of sport, while aggression levels differed significantly by age group, gender, perceived income level, and years of athletic experience (p<0.05). No significant group differences were found in perceived stress levels across demographic variables. A low-level positive relationship was observed between anger and aggression (r = 0.315, p<0.001), and strong positive relationships between anger and SAAS score (r = 0.790, p<0.001) as well as between aggression and SAAS score (r = 0.831, p<0.001). Perceived stress was not significantly correlated with aggression or anger (p>0.05). These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and sport-related factors in understanding aggression and anger among physically disabled athletes, while suggesting that perceived stress may remain stable across different athlete characteristics.
Purpose: Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) affects both cognitive and motor functions, often reducing gait speed, altering cadence, and impairing dual-task performance compared to healthy aging. This study aimed to compare dual-task performance, cadence, and gait speed between individuals with AD and healthy older adults. Method: Fifty participants aged 65 and older were recruited from private care centers in Ankara. The AD group included 25 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Dementia who could walk independently. The control group included 25 healthy older adults with independent ambulation. Dual-task performance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test with cognitive and motor tasks. Gait speed was measured via the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), and cadence was evaluated using the Footprint Method. Cognitive status was determined using the Standardized Mini-Mental Test (SMMT). Findings: The mean age of the AD group was 76.44±8.70 years, and the control group was 70.92±5.93 years. Individuals with AD showed significantly lower dual-task performance (p=0.000), slower gait speed (p=0.000), and reduced cadence (p=0.049) compared to healthy older adults. Step length and double step length were also notably shorter in the AD group. Conclusion: Older adults with Alzheimer’s Dementia exhibit marked impairments in motor and dual-task functions compared to their healthy peers. Rehabilitation programs should incorporate motor-cognitive strategies to improve dual-task performance and gait parameters. Individualized, environment-focused interventions are crucial for promoting autonomy and reducing functional decline in AD. In healthy aging, early assessment and preventive strategies are essential for maintaining mobility and independence.
Prolonged sitting and screen exposure are associated with musculoskeletal pain, postural problems, visual fatigue, and reduced cognitive performance in desk workers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an eight-week integrated exercise program including cognitive, circulatory, and therapeutic exercises on pain, posture, computer vision symptoms, and cognitive function. Thirty volunteers (15 women, 15 men; M = 32 ± 8.56 years) from professional occupations participated in a pretest–posttest intervention design. Assessments included the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), New York Posture Rating Chart (NYPRC), Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q), International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and Continuous Concentration Test (CCT). Participants performed the printed and illustrated exercise program every two hours daily for eight weeks, progressing from 8–10 to 15–20 repetitions. Data were analyzed using paired t tests and Wilcoxon tests (p<.05). Post-intervention results indicated significant improvements in posture (NYPRC; p<.01), pain intensity and affective scores (SF-MPQ; p<.01), and quality of life (SF-12 physical and mental components; p<.01). Pain prevalence decreased in the neck, back, shoulder, and knee regions, and cognitive performance (CCT) improved significantly (p<.01). Reductions in computer vision syndrome scores were observed but not significant (p>.05). The eight-week integrated exercise program effectively reduced musculoskeletal pain, enhanced postural alignment and.
Amid rising participation in sports facilities by people with disabilities, this study examined whether interactivity predicts relationship commitment and risk physical reduction and how these constructs—together with customer satisfaction—shape relation continuity intention among adults with disabilities using welfare or public sports facilities in South Korea. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 1–30, 2022 (N=208). Five constructs were measured on 5-point Likert scales; reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed in AMOS 18.0. The structural model demonstrated acceptable fit (χ²=255.962, df=163, CFI=0.975, TLI=0.970, RMSEA=0.052). Interactivity positively predicted relationship commitment (β=0.396, p<0.001) and risk physical reduction (β=0.544, p<0.001). Risk physical reduction increased customer satisfaction (β=0.497, p<0.001), whereas the path from relationship commitment to customer satisfaction was not significant (p=0.320). Relation continuity intention was explained by relationship commitment (β=0.278, p<0.001) and customer satisfaction (β=0.238, p=0.003); the path from risk physical reduction to relation continuity intention was not significant (p=0.125). Overall, five of seven hypotheses were supported, underscoring interactivity and customer satisfaction as key levers for sustaining continued use of sports facilities among people with disabilities.
Purpose: This systematic review examines the strategic development of wheelchair basketball in Europe and Türkiye, focusing on athlete pathways, governance structures, and sustainability mechanisms. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched. From 731 records, 16 peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. A qualitative thematic synthesis was conducted, and methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results: European systems demonstrate structured talent identification, formalized coach education, diversified funding models, and integrated sports science support. Reverse integration and gender-inclusive policies were associated with higher participation and institutional sustainability. In Türkiye, grassroots growth is evident; however, limitations persist regarding infrastructure, performance monitoring, and long-term funding continuity. Conclusion: Sustainable wheelchair basketball development requires coherent governance, standardized performance monitoring, and institutional partnerships. Adopting adaptable European best practices while accounting for Türkiye’s socio-cultural context can strengthen competitive performance and inclusive participation.
The purpose of this study was to examine how athletes’ social-media addiction and sport-burnout levels influence their emotional commitment to their teams. A total of 220 athletes aged 18–25 participated in the research. Data were collected using the Team Commitment Scale, the Social Media Addiction Scale, and the Sport Burnout Inventory. Independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and LSD post-hoc analyses were conducted. A significant gender difference was found only in the Emotional Gain sub-dimension of team commitment (p<0.05), while no differences were observed in Cognitive Investment, social-media addiction, or burnout (p>0.05). Age group, type of sport, and national-athlete status did not produce significant variations in any variable (p>0.05). Years of sport experience yielded significant differences in total commitment scores (p<0.05), whereas years working with the same coach, number of media platforms used, and daily media time produced significant differences in burnout and social-media addiction (p<0.05). Overall, the findings indicate that although social-media addiction and burnout do not broadly differentiate athletes’ commitment levels, they exert limited yet statistically meaningful effects under specific demographic and behavioral conditions, particularly those related to media engagement and coach athlete dynamics.
The purpose of this study is to examine global research trends, main topics, and the general scope of studies on adapted physical education, sports, and physical activity for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Synonyms related to key terms have been standardized using search operators. A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science database on October 30, 2025, yielding 2,999 records. Only English-language, full-text, original research articles were included, resulting in 255 studies. This study utilized a bibliometric research design and adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The 255 studies published in 35 journals between 1993 and 2025 showed steady growth in scientific output. Publication numbers peaked in 2022, while citations reached their highest level in 2024. The Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities had the most publications, while Research in Developmental Disabilities was the most cited journal. Erasmus MC was identified as the most productive institution, and Spain was the leading country in terms of publication frequency. Furthermore, 92.7% of authors contributed to only one article, indicating limited long-term participation. Frequently used keywords included children, exercise, adults, Down syndrome, health, participation, and disabilities. Motor themes represented key research focuses, including intellectual disability, obesity, older adults, validity, childhood, and being overweight. Despite growing interest, significant gaps remain, highlighting the need for comprehensive policies and thorough evaluations. Overall, the findings provide a useful reference to guide future research and support continuous progress in adapted physical activity and education for individuals with intellectual disabilities. These insights highlight important priorities for future interdisciplinary collaborative work.
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder with varying treatment responses. This study hypothesizes that treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients exhibit distinct structural brain abnormalities compared to treatment-responsive patients and healthy controls. Identifying these differences may provide insight into the neurobiological basis of treatment resistance and guide personalized interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 24 schizophrenia patients and 24 healthy controls. Schizophrenia patients were categorized into treatment responders (≥30% clinical improvement) and treatment-resistant (<30% improvement) based on clinical assessments, including standardized scales and expert evaluation. Among the scales, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), The Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S), The Global Assessment Scale (GAS), The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were used. Brain volumetric data were acquired using MRI and analyzed through the VolBrain platform, focusing on the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, cerebellum, and thalamic nuclei. Treatment-resistant demonstrated significantly reduced brain volumes in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, cerebellum, and thalamic nuclei compared to responders and healthy controls (p<0.05). Additionally, treatment-resistant had higher scores on the PANSS negative symptom scale and the BPRS, indicating more severe clinical symptoms (p<0.05). Responders showed less pronounced volumetric reductions and more favorable clinical profiles. This study reveals that treatment-resistant schizophrenia is associated with marked structural brain abnormalities, particularly in regions critical for cognitive and emotional processing. These findings underscore the potential role of neuroanatomical biomarkers in predicting treatment response and highlight the necessity for targeted therapeutic strategies for treatment-resistant patients.
This study aims to examine the physical, psychological, and social difficulties experienced by Olympic-level combat athletes during weight management processes. A qualitative approach was adopted and a phenomenological design was used to explore in depth the lived experiences of athletes in both weight gain and weight loss practices. The study group consisted of 15 athletes (Mean age = 28.93 years) who represented Turkey in combat sports at the Olympic Games and were selected using maximum variation sampling. Data were collected between October and December 2024 through a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using thematic analysis. Main themes such as physical and psychological challenges, dietary strategies, and social support mechanisms were revealed. Findings showed that athletes experienced physiological problems such as dehydration, energy loss, and muscle fatigue during rapid weight loss, as well as psychological problems including stress, anxiety, and burnout. Beyond individual symptoms, the study highlighted the role of resilience, coaching guidance, and social environment as critical factors shaping weight management strategies. Athletes emphasized that professional guidance from coaches, dietitians, and psychologists enabled them to adopt healthier approaches, while insufficient support often led to risky practices. Another important finding was that the long-term health consequences of extreme weight management included chronic fatigue and decreased well-being, whereas gradual and conscious methods contributed positively to health and performance. This research contributes to the literature by presenting first-hand accounts of Olympic-level athletes and underlining the multidimensional nature of weight management. In conclusion, it is recommended that comprehensive support and preventive education be provided at both individual and institutional levels in order to optimize athletic performance while protecting long-term health.
The aim of this research is to examine the anxiety levels of physical education teacher candidates regarding centralized exams and their professional expectations. The recent transition in Turkey from the Public Personnel Selection Examination (PPSE) to the Academy Entrance Exam (AEE) system constitutes the main problem, as it creates both psychological and professional reflections for candidates. Using a quantitative design with a descriptive survey model, the study sample consisted of 179 students from Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Sports Sciences. Data were collected through the Expectations from Teaching Profession Questionnaire (ETPQ) and the Teacher Certification Examination Anxiety Scale (TCEAS). Since the normality assumption was not met, analyses were conducted using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Findings revealed that teacher candidates hold high general expectations toward the profession, yet their hope for achieving these expectations remains comparatively low. Exam anxiety, particularly in the dimensions of exam perception and time management, was found to be high. Moreover, anxiety and professional expectations varied significantly by age, desired employment region, settlement type, academic goals, economic responsibilities, and exam preparation duration. In conclusion, it is determined that teacher candidates experience elevated anxiety due to exam-based uncertainty and pressure, while simultaneously striving to sustain their professional ideals. These results highlight the necessity of providing stronger support mechanisms to reduce exam-related anxiety and developing administrative structures that consider the professional expectations of candidates.
This study was conducted using a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design to examine the effects of a 12-week complex training method on the physical performance of licensed fencing male athletes aged 11-14. The study included 24 fencing athletes (Experimental Group: n=12; Control Group: n=12) from a sports club in Istanbul who volunteered to participate. The experimental group underwent a complex training programme three days a week in addition to their routine fencing training, while the control group continued with their routine training only. The participants' vertical jump, seated medicine ball throw, specific direction change, and reaction time performances were evaluated as pre-test and post-test. The data were analysed using the SPSS software package. Multivariate mixed ANOVA was used in the analysis of the data. According to the findings, the 12-week complex training programme significantly improved the vertical jump and specific direction change performance of fencing athletes (p<0.05). In addition, the experimental group showed more significant improvement than the control group in the reaction time test. In the seated medicine ball throw test, both groups showed similar improvement. The findings support the idea that complex training has a positive effect on the physical performance of fencing athletes (p<0.05). In conclusion, the complex training method contributes to meaningful and positive improvements in performance components such as vertical jump, specific direction change, and reaction time in fencing athletes. Based on these findings, it is recommended that complex training be used as a performance-enhancing method in the fencing discipline.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate pre-competition anxiety levels in young sport climbers using both objective (HRV) and subjective (STAI) methods, examine their alignment, and assess their relationship with performance. Method: This cross-sectional study, involving 36 adolescent climbers (18 female, 18 male). HRV parameters (LF/HF, VLF, LF, HF) were measured via wearable heart rate monitors, while anxiety levels were assessed using STAI. Performance scores were determined according to the TDF criteria. Findings: Male climbers exhibited significantly higher VLF values than females. Sympathetic activity, as indicated by the LF/HF ratio (2.44 ± 1.19), showed a positive correlation with performance (r = 0.447, p = 0.01). However, no significant relationship was found between STAI scores (state anxiety: 44.53 ± 4.42; trait anxiety: 48.36 ± 4.99) and performance. Additionally, HRV parameters and STAI scores were not significantly correlated. Although the findings reveal the influence of sympathetic dominance on performance, the small and regional sample size limits generalizability. Conclusion: The study highlights that sympathetic activity (LF/HF) is positively associated with performance in young sport climbers, while subjective anxiety measurements alone may be insufficient. The findings underscore the necessity of "measuring" rather than "estimating" anxiety and emphasize that performance is influenced not only by anxiety but also by experience, technical skills, and environmental factors. Furthermore, the higher VLF values in males suggest the importance of integrating gender-based physiological differences into training strategies. These results highlight the importance of objective anxiety measurement, though the study’s limitations, including its cross-sectional design and homogeneous sample, warrant cautious interpretation.
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of post-activation performance enhancement interventions designed with traditional strength training and velocity-based training on agility performance. The study was completed in three experimental sessions with 20 male participants (age;18.10±0.71 years, height;179±6.13 cm, weight:73.25±6.80 kg, training age; 5.0±1.0 1RM;127±16.36). In the first session, anthropometric measurements of the participants were taken, and then 1RM values were determined after familiarization with the T drill agility test and velocity-based training intervention. Participants were then randomly divided into two groups (velocity-based training:10 and traditional strength training:10). In the second session, all participants performed a T drill agility test (considered as control condition). In the third session, participants performed a standardized warm-up (6 minutes) and after 3 minutes each group completed their specific post-activation performance enhancement protocol (velocity-based training: 0.75-1.00 m/s-1 and traditional strength training: 1RM of 40%). Then, after 7 minutes of passive rest, participants performed Tdrill agility tests. Sessions were conducted at 48 hours intervals. The study findings showed that there was no statistically main effect for time (p = 0.095) and group (p = 0.90). On the other hand, although the time x group interaction was not significant (p = 0.105), velocity-based training (p = 0.025) was statistically significant compared to traditional strength training (p = 0.968) in within-group comparisons. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that velocity-based training intervention provided a significant acute improvement in agility performance compared to traditional strength training.
The aim of our study was to compare the interns students who studied at the Departments/Faculties of Nursing, Physiotherapy, Dentistry, and Veterinary and went to clinical practice for at least 1-semester during the pandemic period in terms of fear-of-catching covid-19, quality-of-life and sleep-quality, depression, fatigue, and burnout-levels.This study was carried out on internship students (IG) as registered in four-different departments including Nursing, Dentistry, Physiotherapy, and Veterinary at least four months. In addition, the students registered in the same departments who had never participated in any internship program before were included in the study as control group (CG). 318 last-year internship students and 234 students who did not participate in any internship program, totally 552 students as registered in four-different departments participated in the study. There were statistically significant differences between the all four departments for IG in terms of fear-of-covid-19 (p=0.037), sleep quality (p=0.001), depression (p=0.001), and fatigue (p=0.035). While only quality of life (p=0.022), depression (p=0.040), and burnout (p=0.001) scores significantly differed between gender in IG, no significant differences were observed for dependent variables by gender in CG (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study has revealed that depression and sleep quality level is worse in physiotherapy, nursing, and dentistry interns compared to those of veterinary. We also conclude that the nursing interns were affected more than the nursing students without internship in terms of quality of life and sleep, fatigue, and burnout. Lastly, the results of this study showed that quality of life, depression, and burnout in female interns are worse than male interns.
