Copyright: © Byungse Suh et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Byungse Suh et al (2017). Experience with telavancin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endocarditis. Int J Pharm Sci & Scient Res. 3:4, 56-58.
Background: Microorganisms resistance has grown due to frequent and misuse of antimicrobial agents both in humans and animals resulting in global public health and economic threats.We evaluated the prescribing practices of ceftriaxone at inpatients, FelegeHiwot Referral Hospital in Ethiopia. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the prescribing practices of ceftriaxone in 127 in patients who received ceftriaxone between April 1, 2015 and June 30, 2015.Ceftriaxone use evaluation was based on standards set by World health organization.The criteria used in this evaluation were indication for use; the dose, frequency, duration, contraindication and interaction.The presence of a single error in either of the individual criteria was considered as inappropriate use. Results:The overall evaluation of use of ceftriaxone was inappropriate in 88 cases (70.0%) which seems higher than other hospitals in Ethiopia.Inappropriate use of ceftriaxone by diagnosis were, acute abdomen 23 (79.3%), pneumonia 19 (67.9%), sepsis 12 (75.0%),trauma 8 (80.0%), obstructed labor 7 (53.9%),elective surgical cases 6 (75.0%), meningitis 4 (44.4%),lower urinary tract infection 3 (100.0%),upper urinary tract infection 1 (50.0%), and others 5 (55.6%).The inappropriate use of ceftriaxone by the different units of inpatients were surgery 41cases (74.5%), internal medicine 19 cases (65.5%), gynecology and obstetrics 20 (74.1%), and pediatrics 8 (50%).Most of the durations of prescribing showed a high rate of inappropriateness which accounts 60 cases (47.2%) of the total inappropriateness followed by frequency 11 (8.7%), interaction 9 (7.1%), indication 6 (4.7%) and contraindication 2 (1.6%) respectively.Conclusions: Inappropriate prescribing of ceftriaxone was higher compared to other hospitals in Ethiopia.Antimicrobial stewardship in general and prudent prescribing of ceftriaxone in particular is needed to improve its useful life.This research can be extrapolated to other antimicrobials and health facilities for appropriate interventions.
Because computational chemistry for proteins or metalloproteins, docking of ligands into proteins, and small molecules as ligands may be require heavy calculations, low-precision but fast computational methods may be useful actually.Herein we introduce our preliminary results of semiempirical PM7 calculations for chiral Schiff base 3d-4f binuclear metal complexes containing many electrons.Computational simulation of docking of ligands into proteins was used in drug design and discovery in silico commonly.Moreover, metal complexes as well as organic ligands were also treated in new study on protein surface mimetics 1 besides purely biochemical protein-protein interactions. 2Recently, not only docking programs such as GOLD 3 , the PM6 semi-empirical method was applied to modeling proteins for enhancing docking accuracy 4 .Of course, proteins are large systems composed of many atoms.However, even ligands may be many electron systems when a ligand contains heavy metal atoms such as third transition metals or lanthanide metals.Indeed, we have reported on fluorescence, UV-vis and CD spectral changes by docking of chiral Schiff base 3d (zinc(II)) or the related 3d-4f complexes into lysozyme or HSA proteins experimentally 5 .Furthermore, in the course work of organic/inorganic hybrid materials, we have begun to prepare artificial metalloproteins by using various proteins and metal complexes.Here we show results of calculation of the analogous 3d-4f complexes 6,7 not by precise TD-DFT methods but by semiempirical molecular orbital method Sparkle/PM7 8 and ORCA 9 in a MOPAC2012 package mainly to obtain optimized structures (Fig. 1) towards protein-ligand interaction and simulated UVvis spectra theoretically (Fig. 2).As for Nd(III)-Cu(II) complex, differences of coordination bond distances between crystal structures and calculations were less than 0.0746 and 0.0286 nm for Cu(II) and Nd(III) coordination environments, respectively.The corresponding values are 0.0027 and 0.0594 nm for La(III)-Ni(II) complex, 0.00050 and 0.0489 nm for La(III)-Cu(II) complex, and 0.0053 and 0.0486 nm for Nd(III)-Ni(II) complex, respectively.Thus acceptable results in structures could be also obtained in considerably shorter time than TD-DFT regardless of so many 4f-electron systems.
Purpose and Background: This study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice towards folic acid consumption among pregnant female population of Karachi, Pakistan.The daily requirement of folic acid should be increased in pregnancy to prevent pregnancy complications specifically neural tube defects, anencephaly and other birth defects Methodology: A cross sectional population based study was conducted on two hundred healthy pregnant women through a close ended questionnaire for assessing their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding consumption of folic acid in pregnancy.All the results were analyzed through SPSS.Result: Out of 200 questionnaires, 170 were returned duly filled.It showed that 54% of the women had knowledge about the importance of folic acid in pregnancy whereas only 29% knew about the complications of folic acid deficiency in the developing fetus.The results revealed adequate consumption in 18% of the population, 42% insufficient consumption while 40% didn't consumed any source of folic acid.Dietary intake of folic acid was carried out only by 50% of the selected women.42.9% women had wrong practice of consuming folic acid during pregnancy.There seems to be no significant association between the age and knowledge of participants as well as education and practice regarding folic acid consumption. Conclusión:The results clearly stated that educating women about folic acid consumption during pregnancy will help in prevention of pregnancy complications and fetal abnormalities.
Corresponding Author: Sharif Mohammad Shaheen, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Sobahanbag Daffodil Tower (DT)-054/2, Mirpur Road Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Tel. +8848111639, E-mail: sharif.ph@diu.edu.bd, smshaheen2001@yahoo.com Citation: Sharif Mohammad Shaheen et al. (2017), Hypoglycemic, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract of Sida Rhombifolia L. Leaves on Experimental Mice. Int J Pharm Sci & Scient Res. 3:7, 83-88. DOI: 10.25141/2471-6782-2017-7.0082 Copyright: ©2017 Sharif Mohammad Shaheen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
*Corresponding Author: Linda Yulianti, Departemen of Dermatovenereology Faculty of Medicine Tarumanagara University Jakarta Indonesia. E-mail: lindajuliantiwijayadi@gmail.com Citation: Linda Yulianti, et al (2017). In Silico Molecular Modeling and Docking Studies of Aquaporin-3 with Centella asiatica Active Compound.. Int J Pharm Sci & Scient Res. 3:6, 71-73 Copyright: © Linda Yulianti, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Quenching of lanthanides luminescence of a novel long live Tb(III)Ethyl 1-allyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate (EADHOC) as a ligand to form a complex with molar ratio 1:3 in solution has been studied in ethanol in presence of organophosphorus pesticides both Di-chlorvos (P1) and paraoxon-Ethyl (P2). The intensity of luminescence of Tb(III) –(EADHOC) decrease as the concentration of pesticides increase. The quenching effect was observed with both pesticides. Direct methods of determination of pesticides under investigated have been developed by using luminescence of Tb(III) –(EADHOC) probe in a solution. The linear range for determination of the selected pesticides P1(Di-chlorovos) and P2(Paraoxon-Ethyl) is 7 and 1 μM. the detection limits were 1.9 and 9.8 μM for P1(Dichlorovos) and P2 (Paraoxon-Ethyl) respectively. The Thermodynamic parameters and binding constant (K) of OPs with Tb(III) – (EADHOC) were evaluated. Including the value of enthalpy (∆H ) and entropy( ∆S ) changes for Probe interaction with pesticides. As the natural water sample in this study don't contain the above mentioned OPs over the limit detected by the methods, a recovery study was carried out after the addition of the adequate amount of organophosphorus pesticides under investigation.
Polyphenolic compounds like Gallic acid, ethyl gallate, quercetin, kempferol, proanthrocyanidin, EPGA, resveratrol have been familiar as neutraceuticals for possessing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Arjun Tree (Terminalia Arjuna) is a very ancient plant which contains many reported polyphenolic compounds having antifungal, cardioprotective, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflam -matory, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, cytotoxic, anti-oxidant properties. Here we reported methanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna, which neutralized 50% (IC50) of free radicals at a concentration of 3.29 μg/ml, while the standard neutralizes 50% (IC50) of free radical at a concentration of 1.92 μg/ml. The total phenolic content was 449.8 μg/ml of dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentration was 206.91μg/ml, expressed as quercetin equivalents. In the brine shrimp lethality test, LC50 obtained from the line slope were 0.419 and 12.5, which is greater than that of 0.781 μg/ml for standard vincristine sulphate, aqueous fraction.
A lot of data from the world is available to describe irrational use of drugs all around the world. Most of the studies have described the irrational prescribing practices by analyzing prescriptions in comparison with standard provided by World Health Organization WHO. Such irrational practices include not only over prescription, multidrug prescribing, use of unnecessary expensive drugs, overuse of antibiotics and injections but also the behaviors of prescribers in the particular region. To overcome such problems WHO has recommended different prescribing indicators, which could be the first step to be followed in order to promote rational use of drugs. To improve the financial and health status of the public, it is necessary to improve factors influencing drug use. Although more research work is still needed to assess socio cultural factors influencing the impact of drug use patterns, particularly from prescriber’s perspective. A lot of data from the word is already available to assess such practices .there is a need to sort out the problems prevailing in developing countries regarding prescriptions. So it will be helpful in suggesting interventions to solve these problems. Rationalization measures can help to lower costs, which in turn result in prices that are affordable for a larger proportion of the population ISSN 2471-6782
To enhance solubility and dissolution rate of Rivaroxaban by Inclusion complex with kneading method using Hydroxy propyl β cyclodextrin.The prepared Rivaroxaban inclusion complex were characterized in term of solubility and dissolution studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of Rivaroxaban tablets was significantly increased.The dissolution rate of Rivaroxaban tablets was superior with compared to market sample.
This study were to study the impact of storage conditions on DNA quality in different materials, the integrity and quality of stored DNA; as well as determining the best way to store of DNA extracts in some Cowpea plants collected from different sites in Egypt.Ten germplasm representing Vigna radiata and V. unguiculata, procured from local regions by National Gene Bank (NGB), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt.The DNA from each treatment was stored in different buffers for at least a year at LN, -20°C, -80°C and room temperature (RT) without special control of temperature or humidity.In order to simulate and evaluate the long-term storage samples subjected to high temperature over a period of time by extrapolation could correspond to 100 years at 25°C.These experiments were conducted on the samples of ten samples of Vigna at 65°C for one day in hot-plate.The obtained results, the protectant trehalose were the highest value of DNA concentration (43.6±1.1 ng/µL) at room temperature, following by PVA scored 43.5±1.0ng/ µL at RT and TE buffer showed 43.5±0.7 ng/µL at -20°C, for stored DNA.The average mean of PVA and trehalose were 43.5±1.1 ng/ µL more than TE-buffer.For stored tissue, the high mean (43.5±0.8 ng/µL) value of DNA concentration scored with the silica-gel and herbarium specimens, respectively.DNA samples of ten samples under study were also subjected to PCR analysis using SSR to determine whether the DNA was degraded.While no degradation was observed for DNA stored under different conditions, special in dry conditions (≤ 5% humidity).To assess its effects on DNA stability during storage at different conditions under controlled humidity.It was very interesting to note that DNA samples stored in the presence or absence of protectant additives exhibited no detectable degradation, whereas in the absent of, DNA was degraded and appeared as a smear on an agarose gel.
This study was to screen the morphological, phytochemical attributes and describe the similarity and diversity in terms of RAPD and ISSR profiles of four Jatropha species (J. multifida, J. gossypifolia, J. integrrima and J. curcas). As well, investigate genetic diversity among them for using in conserving at Gene-Banks and genetic improvement. It appeared that show the variation in twenty-three quantitative and qualitative attributes among Jatropha species under Egyptian condition. The results of Pearson correlation among twelve quantitative revealed high significant positive correlations. Negative correlation observed between petiole length and other traits except seed breadth, whereas it was -0.97 when be compared with pod length. In PCA studied, it noted that leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were contributing most to the separation among species. The result showed that all secondary metabolites analyzed were present in all leaves of Jatropha species studied but at different concentrations and it obtained confirm the relatedness of these species and spotlight these important phytochemicals in the species. At molecular study, four RAPD-primers displayed a total of 66 amplified fragments, in which 50 (75.76%) were polymorphic fragments. The number of total amplified fragments scored per primer ranged from 10 (primer OP-D09) to 24 (primer OP-Z03). Thirty-six out of 66 RAPD-PCR fragments were found to be useful as cultivar specific markers. In ISSR analysis, 5 of the ISSR primers generated variable banding patterns. A total of 63 out of 90 ISSR fragments were polymorphic. 36 amplified fragments were considered as cultivar-specific markers. Results of the combination of the banding patterns of both techniques, data exhibited that the most two closely related species were multifida and gossypifolia with the highest similarity index (1.00). On the other hand, the two most distantly related species were curcas and integerrima with no similarity index (0.00). The 9 primers of RAPD and ISSR yielded 113 polymorphic markers that unambiguously discriminated 4 genotypes into three clusters. In conclusion, polymorphisms of both could be used as efficient tools for the detection of similarities and phylogenetic relationships of the studied genotypes, which could be useful in the breeding programs. ISSN 2471-6782 1
Quinolones are known to cause phototoxicity which is not readily predictable.Currently there is no dependable method to quantitate the phototoxic potential of these compounds.We constructed an in vitro model to determine phototoxic potential, using eleven quinolones, murine fibroblast cells (3T3) and UVA light.The quinolones included: naladixic acid (NDX), ciprofloxacin (CPX), fleroxacin (FLX), lomefloxacin (LMX), levofloxacin (LVX), ofloxacin (OFX), amifloxacin (AMX), norfloxacin (NFX), sparfloxacin (SPX), enoxacin (ENX), and Bay y3118.Minocycline (MCN) was used as a non-phototoxic standard.Test cells were exposed to quinolones in varying concentrations, followed by exposure to UV light (5-8 joules/cm 2 ).Drug and UV controls were treated without quinolone and UV exposure, respectively.Cells were incubated overnight; cellular integrity was measured by neutral red (NR) uptake.Cellular damage induced by test compounds compared with controls was measured, and the drug concentration (µg/ml) which caused a 50% decrease was designated as PTD 50 .The PTD 50 values (in parentheses) for quinolones studied were as follows: ENX (2.5), NDX (5), BAY (7.5), SPX (20), NFX (25), LMX (30), LVX (35), OFX (40), CPX (40), FLX (45), MCN (50), and AMX (>50).This fibroblast-NR assay system may be a useful tool to estimate the relative phototoxic potential of quinolones.
Alzheimer's is a degenerative disease due to a marked atrophy of the cortical gyri , this tissue loss results from a combination of cell death and the loss of neuronal synapses and fibers , and a type of dementia that causes problems with Memory, Thinking, Behavior .
DNA vaccination, a recent smart approach that deals with the quality and stable vaccine platform for immunotherapy to manage the severity of the fatal diseases as well as to prevent epidemic diversity of the diseases even cancer.It can be a choice of great interest for its simplicity, safety, stability and potentiality.However it lacks a major disadvantage of delivering genetic material to the immune cells, which must be targeted.Because somatic cells are almost avoid of MHC Class receptor to present antigenic peptides and also the efficiency of exocytosis of antigenic peptides as well as the proper target sequence of the peptides, which were originated from proteasomes.Here recent advances of DNA vaccine were discussed in order to orchestrate its future promising perspectives.
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications of diabetes caused by angiopathy of capillaries in the renal glomeruli.Metformin is an anti-diabetic agent that was shown to have renoprotective effects.Vitamin D was proven to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may ameliorate DN.Aim: To study the effect of each of vitamin D and metformin alone and in combination on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN.Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 6 equal groups: Control untreated group, STZ group, STZ + Metformin group, STZ + Vitamin D group, STZ+ Peanut oil group and STZ + Vitamin D + Metformin group.Kidney weight/ body weight ratio, serum fasting glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb), blood urea, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were determined.A part of the kidney was homogenized for determination of tissue catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).The other part was subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination.Results: Vitamin D and metformin alone and in combination induced significant increase in creatinine clearance, tissue CAT and GPx with significant decrease in serum fasting glucose, kidney weight/body weight ratio, glycosylated Hb, blood urea, serum creatinine, tissue TNF-α and serum C-reactive protein and alleviated the histopathological changes compared to STZ group.This effect was significant in vitamin D/metformin combination group compared to the use of either vitamin D or metformin alone.Conclusion: Vitamin D/metformin combination might represent a beneficial therapeutic modality for treatment of DN.
