Mechanism for shoulder pain and injury in elite badminton playersPurpose: to detect the mechanisms for shoulder pain and injury during forehand overhead stroke using the questionnaire and 2D video analysis.Methods and Materials: Participants were 48 university badminton players (aged 18-22) with national tournament level who had no current shoulder injuries.A questionnaire investigation and a forehand overhead clear test were performed.The angle of arm slot at the moment of hit was calculated from 2D videos analysis using Image J software.Data were compared between badminton players with shoulder problems and those without.Results: There were 6 badminton players reported a history of shoulder injury that all of them were offensive players.11 badminton players (8 offensive players and 3 defensive players) reported present shoulder pain that offensive players showed 7.33 times more likely to sustain present shoulder pain than defensive players (OR = 7.33, 95%CI: 1.55-34.70,p = 0.007; Fisher's Exact test: p = 0.012).Moreover, offensive players with present shoulder pain had significantly greater score of VAS (visual analog scale) than defensive players (74.0 mm ± 14.2 mm vs 44.6 mm ± 24.4 mm, p = 0.04).Significant differences of arm slot angle were found among badminton players with shoulder pain free, history of shoulder injury and present shoulder pain (35.74o ± 4.85 o vs 42.90 o ± 11.89 o vs 37.81 o ± 6.40 o , F = 3.27, p = 0.047).Conclusion: Offensive badminton players are more likely to suffer from shoulder injury and strong intensity of shoulder pain.Greater arm slot angle of hit phase might be the mechanism leading to shoulder problems in badminton players.For improving shoulder re-injury prevention and rehabilitation protocols, our findings should be taken into consideration by physiotherapists, physicians and coaches.
AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of monitoring professional female dancer health with a variety of subjective and objective monitoring methods, including application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to modelling menstrual cycle hormones and delivering swift personalised clinical advice.MethodsFemale dancers from a ballet company completed a published online dance-specific health questionnaire. Over the study period, dancers recorded wellbeing and training metrics, with menstrual cycle tracking and blood tests. For menstrual cycle hormones AI-based techniques modelled hormone variation over a cycle, based on capillary blood samples taken at two time points. At regular, virtual, clinical interviews with each dancer, findings were discussed, and personalised advice given.Results14 female dancers (mean age 25.5 years, SD 3.7) participated in the study. 10 dancers recorded positive scores on the dance health questionnaire, suggesting a low risk of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). 2 dancers were taking hormonal contraception. Apart from 1 dancer, those not on hormonal contraception reported current eumenorrhoeic status. The initiative of monitoring menstrual cycles and application of AI to model menstrual cycle hormones found that subclinical hormone disruption was occurring in 6 of the 10 dancers reporting regular cycles. 4 of the 6 dancers who received personalised advice, showed improved menstrual hormone function, including one dancer who had planned pregnancy.ConclusionsMultimodal monitoring facilitated delivery of prompt personalised clinical medical feedback specific for dance. This strategy enabled the early identification and swift management of emergent clinical issues. These innovations received positive feedback from the dancers.Summary boxesWhat are the new findings?Monitoring female dancers with a variety of interactive methods – dance specific questionnaire, online tracking and blood testing – together with individual clinical discussion, facilitates comprehensive, personalised support for dancer health.The clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to endocrine function provides the finer detail of female hormone network function.This novel approach to monitoring dynamic hormone function enabled the detection of subtle female hormone dysfunction as a result of changes in training and nutrition patterns, which occurred before change in menstruation pattern from menstrual tracking.This multifaceted clinical approach was also effective and helpful in supporting dancers restore full hormone network function through personalised training and nutritional strategies.How might this study impact on clinical practice in the future?Personalised, dance specific health advice based on subjective and objective measures can support sustainable individual dancer health.Clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI) to menstrual cycle hormones can provide a dynamic and complete picture of hormone network function, without the need to do daily blood tests to measure all four key menstrual cycle hormones.This AI approach to modelling hormones enables early detection of subtle, subclinical endocrine dysfunction due to low energy availability in female exercisers. This clinical tool can also facilitate the close clinical monitoring of the restoration of full hormone network function in recovery from low energy availability.Using AI to model female hormones can be an important clinical tool for female athletes, including those athletes where it is difficult to distinguish between perimenopause symptoms and those associated with low energy availability.
Background: This clinical study sought to understand the knee range of motion (KROM) in an amputated stump during repeat voluntary knee extension with or without a 0.5 kg weight in the acute/early phase after amputation can vary between different target knee extension rhythm frequency (KER) levels in the amputated lower leg of a patient with severe diabetic sensory disorder and leg ischemia. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male patient with severe diabetic neuropathy had a right lower leg amputation due to necrosis and ulcer lesion following a burn injury to the first toes and severe ischemic peripheral vascular disease. In a sitting position with the base of the foot of the non-amputated left leg on the ground, he performed repeat knee extension of the resected stump (knee active extension and passive flexion without a target KROM) for 1 min with both self-controlled free KER and different target KERs (30, 40, 50, 60, and 80 contractions per minute [cpm] using a metronome), with or without a 0.5 kg weight placed on the resected stump over 8 consecutive days. The KROM was measured using a goniometer placed between the resected stump and the thigh muscle with a continuous data acquisition system. The mean values achieved for KER, KROM, and angle rate during a 1 min session was determined during each daily session, and consecutively average values over sessions on 8 consecutive days was also evaluated. The achieved mean KER at all target KERs corresponded closely with the target KER. The average KROM was approximately 60 degrees over a range of targets between 30 and 60 cpm, but the value was lower at approximately 50 degrees at 80 cpm. The angle rate increased consistently with the increase from a target of 30 to 60 cpm, but it was reduced at 80 cpm. The mean KROM was inversely related (r=-0.390, P<0.01, n=40) to the mean KER without the weight, but not significantly (r=-0.256, P=ns, n=40) with the 0.5 kg weight. The achieved KER in the self-controlled free trial with or without the 0.5 kg weight might increase with an increase in sessions over 8 days with a range between approximately 30 and 60 cpm. Conclusion: The present case study showed that a higher contraction frequency may limit KROM determined below 60 cpm because of the reduced angle rate in an amputated lower leg. A low and moderate KER below 60 cpm may be appropriate to maintain KROM with a stable angle rate. Furthermore, voluntary KER with free self-controlled rhythm may increase over the course of multiple sessions as familiarity improves with kicking the amputated limb and generating a potential improvement in performance/ability effect with consecutive leg exercise with no use of a prothesis such as in the early/acute phase post-amputation using audible biofeedback.
Physical activity at work is an important indicator of the level of activity. Physiotherapists are one of professionals for the prevention against sedentary lifestyle. Objective: To assess the level of physical activity at work among physiotherapists in Benin and France. Method: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, conducted from July 2017 to July 2018. With physiotherapists who consent to participate to this study we use a pedometer. They wear it at work for five consecutive days. The average number of daily steps at work was determined. Physiotherapist’s level of inactivity was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Epi Info 13.0. X2 of Pearson’s and ANOVA tests. They were used for the comparison of qualitative and quantitative variables respectively. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Among fifty-four physiotherapists evaluated, forty-four (81.5%) were sedentary, with a significant level of sedentary lifestyle in twenty-six cases (48.11%). This limitation of physical activity at the workplace and the level of sedentary lifestyle of the subjects were comparable among Beninese and French physiotherapists and they were not associated with any of the factors studied. Conclusion: The level of physical activity of physiotherapists at work is limited. Raising the awareness of these actors seems essential.
Background: Immobilization using an abduction brace is essential for the relaxation of the rotator cuff and scapular muscles and the prevention of a retear in patients with rotator cuff tear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). However, thus far, the comparison of the scapular muscle activities has not been compared among different postures under an abduction brace in patients after ARCR. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to compare the scapular muscle activities among the supine position, sitting position, and walking under an abduction brace before and after ARCR Study Design: Observational, repeated measures study. Methods: Twelve patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were studied. The mean patient age was 64.7 years. The scapular muscle activations of the ipsilateral limbs were measured using surface electromyography in three postures: supine position, sitting position, and walking. The integrated electromyography relative values of the upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and biceps brachii were compared preoperatively and at two weeks after ARCR. Results: The trapezius, biceps brachii, and middle deltoid in the walking showed significantly higher integrated electromyography relative values than those in the supine position, preoperatively and at two weeks after surgery. The anterior deltoid in the sitting position had significantly higher integrated electromyography relative values than those in the supine position. Conclusions: Postures affected the scapular muscle activities in ARCR patients under an abduction brace. Understanding the influence of posture on the scapular muscle activity after ARCR will help rehabilitation accurately and appropriately.
These two case studies aimed to investigate the effect and acceptance of progressive strength training in patients with muscular dystrophy. Case 1 completed a progressive resistance exercise over 12 weeks. The results showed increases in leg extensor strength, hand strength and balance. Furthermore, the anaerobic test showed an increase in the maximum glycolysis rate. Creatine kinase levels were reduced while maintaining low muscle soreness. Case 2 conducted seven weeks of electronically assisted strength training and electromyostimulation. In the course of the training, an increase in the self-contribution of the performance in the execution of movement was observed in the assisted strength training. Furthermore, an increase in the intensity of external stimuli was observed. The creatine kinase showed a reduction with physiological behavior of muscle soreness. The results demonstrate the acceptance and feasibility of progressive exercise protocols used to increase performance in two cases of muscular dystrophy.
Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common lower extremity injury in track and field athletes. Many risk factors are associated with MTSS, and lower extremity performance may become altered in athletes suffering from prior symptoms, potentially increasing risk of future injury. The purpose of this study was to first examine the effect a prior history of MTSS has on lower-extremity measures, per gender, in collegiate level track and field athletes, and then determine if such measures predict future injury. Fifty-three healthy Division III collegiate track and field athletes (mean age = 19.40 ± 1.13 years) completed an injury history questionnaire along with five preseason lower-extremity functional tests including: ankle dorsiflexion (DF), single-leg anterior reach (SLAR), two timed single-leg balance (SLBAL) tests on a force plate, and single-leg hop for distance (SLH). Performance data were compared across gender and questionnaire data regarding injury history and occurrence of MTSS. Fifteen subjects (28%) reported previous MTSS symptoms within the last 2 years. Chi-square analyses revealed females experienced more diagnoses compared to males (p = .03). Independent t-tests revealed differences between gender on all SLBAL tests, as males performed better on all recorded measures (p < .001 – p = .003). No significant differences were noted in lower-extremity performance tests between subjects with and without prior MTSS injuries. Regression analyses using postseason injury questionnaire data revealed prior MTSS injuries had 17.3 higher odds of experiencing MTSS during the season (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 17.33, 95% CI: 3.5 – 86.4; p = .001).
Purpose: starting from an injury background, we assumed that the biceps brachii’s activations could have an important role in upper limbs injury. In this work we analyzed whether different activations of the biceps brachii impact on the power transfer of the punch and how boxers of different skill levels activate the biceps brachii when deliver a punch according to their skill level and efficacy. Methods: we enrolled, basing on official rankings, 23 skilled (n=6) and unskilled boxers. Subjects were instructed to perform three cross punches directed to a fixed elastic target triggered by the coach whistling, and were monitored through a surface electromyography sensor (EMG) on the biceps brachii to estimate the muscular activation during the performance, and through an accelerometer placed inside the elastic impact target to estimate the impact energy. We analyzed the oscillatory content of the EMG signal in order to assess the muscular activation between skilled and unskilled boxers, and between weak and strong punches. Results: both skilled and unskilled boxers threw strong, medium and weak strikes. Skilled boxers performed better than unskilled boxers (47% vs 25% in the “strong punch” category).The EMG analysis revealed a significant increase of lower and higher frequencies (2-4 Hz and 15-17 Hz) and a decrease on the medium frequencies (7-9 Hz) in the skilled boxers compared to the unskilled boxers in strong punches. Weak punches had a similar activation patterns in the two groups. Conclusions: our results support the hypothesis that skilled boxers adapt their activation pattern of the biceps to better stabilize the punch delivery (and thus increasing the transfer of force).
Objectives: To report the experience of nursing students in assistance based on the Systemati-zation of Nursing Care (SAE), founded by Self-care theory of Dorothea Orem, directed the patient victims of Trauma Spinal Cord (TRM).Methodology: study of the type of experience report.The experience occurred during the practical class of the discipline of Adult Health II given in an emergency hospital, located in Arapiraca-AL.During the care, anamnesis and physical examina-tion, diagnosis, planning, implementation and nursing evaluation were performed.Results: some of the nursing diagnoses were anxiety, attitude towards positive care, impaired physical mobility, self-care deficit for bathing and hygiene, among others.Regarding the nursing interventions, some of them were to accompany the patient, administer medications, monitor respiratory condi-tion, assess musculoskeletal condition, evaluate neurological condition, assist in mobility, among others.From this, the expected results were defined as presenting gas exchange with normalization of CO2 and O2 standards, improvement of respiratory pattern, passive physical mobility, anxiety relief, among others.Final considerations: It was noted that the patient with TSC benefits from developing an individual and targeted care plan.The implementation of the SAE ensures the role of nurses in the care and ensures a practice based on scientific evidence and nursing theories.The performance of academics in the hospital care service promotes the gain of experience and, thus, allows a better performance as a nurse practitioner.
Introduction: The high yield sport is an activity where athletes need to improve performance, seeking expected results. Breathing supports, influencing the supply and transport of oxygen; reduction in fatigue, feeling of effort and athlete’s decision. Goals: Increase muscle strength and respiratory capacity, verifying cardiorespiratory repercussions in training. Methodology: The study was conducted at Sport Club do Recife, with 5 male Handball players individuals. Were submitted to respiratory assessment through POWER BREATHE carehealth 2 controlled by the breathlink software, performing 2 sessions 10 minutes long, 2 times a week, for 5 weeks. The charge for first session was 60% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimax) increased by 5%. Results: There has been an increase in Pimax in 80% of athletes, being 75% raised the average volume of air inspired by incursion. All presented beneficial physiological adaptations with the progression of respiratory load imposed and improves the sense of effort by the Borg scale. Conclusion: It was evidenced that the respiratory muscle training is an important tool in the preparation of high performance athletes, due to provide increased inspiratory muscle force, pulmonar volumes and capacities; and, reducing the sensation of dyspnea and muscle fatigue.
Introduction: The type of diet influences the metabolic functions and leads to changes in weight and/or body composition. Researchers have been trying to develop animal models in order to mimic the metabolic states of disorder that occur in humans. Aim: To analyze the metabolic changes after administration of a hyperlipid diet in Swiss mice. Methods: Twenty male Swiss mice weighing 39 – 44g with 120 days old were used. The control group (CG) was maintained on a standard balanced diet (Presence®: 23% protein, 4% fat, 50% carbohydrate and 23% other components), whereas the experimental group (EG) received a special diet with formulation with a high fat content (37.20% encephalon powder, 41.86% crushed feed, 18.60% lard and 2.32% cellulose). The Protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (CEUA) of the Center for Higher Education and Development (CESED), with Protocol No. 2010/4573. The statistic was performed by Student’s t-test. Results: The initial weight of the animals of the GC and GE groups were 383g and 389g, respectively, and the final weight was 385g and 424g, respectively, with a difference of 39g more for the group that received only the hyperlipidic diet. Cholesterol analysis were 57.4 ± 5.38 for GC and 100.2 ± 10.43 for the GE, where p = 0.0013, whereas for triglycerides values observed were of 50.4 ± 16.62 and 91, 91,6 ± 30.6 respectively. Discussion: The hyperlipid diet significantly increased animal weight, plasma triglyceride concentration, and cholesterol. As demonstrated in other studies this diet was also efficient in increasing body adiposity in this study. Conclusion: The hyperlipidic diet elaborated in this study demonstrates as an excellent model for induction of obesity and dyslipidemia in mice.
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease related to modern lifestyle and inactivity, accounting for 90-95% of diagnosed cases. The beginning of continuous physical practices characterized as aof form prevention for people susceptible to this type of illness. Objectives: describe how physical activity can prevent the onset of diabetes mellitus type 2. Methodology: It is an integrative review, which used articles were obtained from the data base: MEDLINE. The descriptors being used: Healthy behaviors, Type 2 diabetes, Exercise and Quality of life, using the logical AND operator. Through employee, descriptors were identified 18 publications, of which 12 were excluded for not suit the theme of the study, editorials and reviews. Being admitted the following inclusion criteria: articles published in Portuguese and English, the years 2010 to 2017. The guiding question was: how physical exercise helps in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Results and Discussion: The items used were published one in each year, respectively: 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 and two in 2015, which showed that physical activities with guidance and regulars contributes positively to the reduction of weight and levels of cholesterol, and is associated with significant improvements in blood pressure, the same way that adds sensitivity to insulin and therefore improves the quality of life related to health. The article 2015 reports the existence dandy cost savings with treatment as prevention reduces spending on medication. Conclusion: It is proven that improvements in lifestyle, along with constant practice of physical exercise and low intensity prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Introduction: Food behavior is determined by interactions between physiological, psychological, genetic and environmental factors, besides being related to the nutritional status of the individual, represented by the sum of the interaction of somatic and functional elements responsible for nutrient absorption and adequacy of the physiological needs. Objective: To evaluate the dietary intake related to the physical performance of athletes, dietitians and marathon runners of Petrolina before and after the nutritional intervention. Methodology: The population was 10 athletes of the Petrolinense Association of Athletics (APA). Food intake was performed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the 24h recall (R24h). Calories, macronutrients and micronutrients were quantified before and after nutritional intervention. The consumption analysis was performed by dietwin. Results and Discussion: The energy consumed by the athletes was lower than the recommendation (p = 0.015); the carbohydrates and lipids consumed also presented inferior to the recommendations. In addition, only the protein did not differentiate between the consumed and the recommendation (p = 0.07). No changes were observed in relation to consumption and recommended (after intervention) at calcium and sodium levels – p> 0.05. There was also no statistical difference between the intake of saturated fat (p = 0.856) and fibers (p = 0.887). The lower consumption of energy and carbohydrates by the athletes according to the physical modality practiced, can affect the yield. The lipid intake lower than the recommendations was related to the concern in reducing the weight and to combat the increase of the subcutaneous fat, altering the corporal composition. Conclusion: It was observed that the evaluation and intervention is important so that the athlete’s menus is adequate and, consequently, avoid the installation of a systematically deficient energy picture that can negatively reflect on health, affecting the athletic performance.
Introduction: Nutritional status is the condition that the body assumes due to the nutrition and metabolic expenditure, representing the sum of the interaction of somatic and functional elements responsible for the absorption of nutrients and adequacy of physiological needs. The deficit in the nutritional status of athletes has a direct impact on physical performance, anthropometry and glycemia. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status related to the physical performance of athletes, founder and marathon runners of Petrolina before and after the nutritional intervention. Methodology: The population was composed by 10 athletes and marathonists of the Petrolinense Association of Athletics. The evaluation of the nutritional status was performed through anthropometric analysis: body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), skin fold and circumferences. Results and Discussion: After nutritional intervention, athletes reduced body weight (p = 0.034) and BMI (p = 0.025). Consequently, they decreased the percentage of subcutaneous fat by the bioimpedance method (p = 0.012), and promoted an increase in muscle mass (p = 0.010). With the application and orientation of the alimentary plane, only the folds of the abdominal (p = 0.034) and the calf (p = 0.001) showed a reduction in the subcutaneous lipid content. It is possible to verify a strong relation between the energy expenditure of the race and the anthropometric measures, mainly with the corporal mass. This association is explained by the fact that athletes who reduce their weight by the loss of body fat improve the relation with the content of lean mass, therefore, increasing muscle power, with a direct impact on performance. Conclusion: The union of the evaluation of the nutritional status of the athletes and the subsequent nutritional intervention, they developed more their physical conditioning, reflecting less fatigue, better efforts during training and better results in competitions.
